The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Incentives in Organizations
Abstract
In this paper, the author summarizes four new strands in agency theory that help him think about incentives in real organizations. As a point of departure, The author begins with a quick sketch of the classic agency model. He then discusses static models of objective performance measurement that sharpen Kerr's argument; repeated-game models of subjective performance assessments; incentives for skill development rather than simply for effort; and incentive contracts between versus within organizations. The author concludes by suggesting two avenues for further progress in agency theory: better integration with organizational economics, as launched by Coase (1937) and reinvigorated by Williamson (1975, 1985), and cross-pollination with other fields that study organizations, including industrial relations, organizational sociology, and social psychology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Coase, R. H. (1937) · Economica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x · Cited by 23,972
The Provision of Incentives in Firms
Prendergast, C. (1999) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.37.1.7 · Cited by 3,338
Why Is There Mandatory Retirement?
Lazear, E. P. (1979) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260835 · Cited by 2,038
Research works printed but not linked: 37
- Aggarwal Rajesh, Journal of Political Economy, forthcoming.
- 10.1017/S0022050700027467 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/001979399304600402 · DOI
- 10.1086/261831 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2118358 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0889-1583(88)90004-4 · DOI
- 10.1086/258724 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/467507 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2329303 · doi:10.2307/2329303
- 10.2307/1884685 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/516389 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2998576 · doi:10.2307/2998576
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023377 · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023377
- Fershtman Chaim, 1987, American Economic Review, 77, 927
- 10.1086/261404 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1017/S002205070007649X · DOI
- 10.1093/jleo/7.special_issue.24 · DOI · Paper page
- Holmström Bengt, 1994, American Economic Review, 84, 972
- Holmström Bengt, 1991, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 7, 201
- Ichniowski Casey, 1997, American Economic Review, 87, 291
- 10.1086/298190 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2998577 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/255378 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0304-405X(96)00888-4 · DOI
- Kreps David, 1997, American Economic Review, 87, 359
- 10.1086/261616 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/261010 · DOI · Paper page
- MacLeod Bentley, 1998, American Economic Review, 88, 388
- 10.2307/41166627 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/228945 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0165-4101(94)00382-F · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2118343 · DOI · Paper page
- Prendergast Canice, Journal of Economic Literature, forthcoming.
- 10.1086/261951 · DOI · Paper page
- Shapiro Carl, 1984, American Economic Review, 74, 433
- Stewart James, 1993, The New Yorker, 34
- Tirole Jean, 1986, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2, 181
Cited by
Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers Revisited
Couch, K. A., & Placzek, D. W. (2010) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.100.1.572 · Cited by 676
Jia, N., Huang, K. G., & Man Zhang, C. (2019) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.0543 · Cited by 532
The Promise and Pitfalls of Using Imprecise School Accountability Measures
Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2002) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/089533002320950993 · Cited by 503
Six Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Grand Challenges
Ozmen Garibay, O., Winslow, B., Andolina, S., Antona, M., Bodenschatz, A., Coursaris, C., Falco, G., Fiore, S. M., Garibay, I., Grieman, K., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2153320 · Cited by 501
Personnel Psychology: Performance Evaluation and Pay for Performance
Rynes, S. L., Gerhart, B., & Parks, L. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070254 · Cited by 490
Metadata
- Authors
- Gibbons, R.
- Venue
- Journal of Economic Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 1998-11-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 115-132
- ISSN
- 0895-3309 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3122965505
- Cited by
- 1,022
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 50.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Incentives in Organizations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1257/jep.12.4.115
- The paper
- Gibbons, R. (1998). Incentives in Organizations. Journal of Economic Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.12.4.115
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
