Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 579Gender, Labor, and Family DynamicsEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentFamily Dynamics and Relationships

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

No Child Left Behind: Subsidized Child Care and Children's Long-Run Outcomes

Havnes, Tarjei, Mogstad, Magne·2011·American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
DOI 10.1257/pol.3.2.97
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Many developed countries are currently considering a move toward subsidized, widely accessible child care or preschool. However, studies on how large-scale provision of child care affects child development are scarce, and focused on short-run outcomes. We analyze a large-scale expansion of subsidized child care in Norway, addressing the impact on children's long-run outcomes. Our precise and robust difference-in-differences estimates show that subsidized child care had strong positive effects on children's educational attainment and labor market participation, and also reduced welfare dependency. Subsample analyses indicate that girls and children with low-educated mothers benefit the most from child care. (JEL J13, J16)

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1257/pol.3.2.97

Cites

75 of 75 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 75 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Family Affairs, 1998, Background Report for Norway, 29, 1998

Cited by

See all 579

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Havnes, T., & Mogstad, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Oslo (NO)
  • Statistics Norway (NO)
ORCID
Venue
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
Publisher
American Economic Association
Published
2011-05-01
Volume
3
Issue
2
Pages
97-129
ISSN
  • 1945-774X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7731
DOI
10.1257/pol.3.2.97
OpenAlex
W1988891842
Cited by
579
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 21
FWCI
62.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Economic Journal Economic Policy (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
Keywords
subsidized child care, preschool, child development, educational attainment, labor force participation, welfare dependency, gender differences, maternal education, long-term outcomes, Norway

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: No Child Left Behind: Subsidized Child Care and Children's Long-Run Outcomes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1257/pol.3.2.97
The paper
Havnes, T., & Mogstad, M. (2011). No Child Left Behind: Subsidized Child Care and Children's Long-Run Outcomes. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.97

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.