An integrative definition of coaching effectiveness and expertise
Abstract
The purpose of the current paper is to present an integrative definition of coaching effectiveness and expertise that is both specific and conceptually grounded in the coaching, teaching, positive psychology, and athletes' development literature. The article is organized into six sections. The first section is used to situate the proposed definition in the predominant conceptual models of coaching. The second, third, and fourth sections provide detailed discussion about each of the three components of the proposed definition of coaching effectiveness: (a) coaches' knowledge, (b) athletes' outcomes, and (c) coaching contexts. The proposed definition is presented in the fifth section along with a clarification of common terminology and guiding postulates. The final section includes implications for practice and research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous research has largely operationalised coaching effectiveness using Côté and Gilbert's definition.
“Previous research has largely operationalised coaching effectiveness by employing Côté and Gilbert’s [41] proposed definition, “the consistent application of integrated professional, interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge to improve athletes’ competence, confidence, connection, and character in specific coaching contexts” (Côté and Gilbert (2009, p.316).”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
Specific characteristics of the instructor/coach of physical activity interventions may influence the effects on emotional well-being and behaviors of participants.
“specific characteristics of the instructor/coach of the physical activity interventions (i.e., the level of moral reasoning, the extent of motivational behaviors of the instructor, the experience and knowledge with the target group) may influence the effects on emotional well-being and behaviors of participants of physical activity interventions”
From The effects of physical activity interventions on psychosocial outcomes in adolescents: a meta-analytic review (2016) · cites this paper as Côté & Gilbert, 2009
Cites
The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210 · see citing works
Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching
SHULMAN, L. S. (1986) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x015002004 · Cited by 18,546 · see citing works
How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process
Bugg, E. G., & Dewey, J. (1934) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1415632 · Cited by 5,379 · see citing works
Acquisition of cognitive skill
Anderson, J. R. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.4.369 · Cited by 3,663 · see citing works
The Teaching Gap: Best Ideas from the World's Teachers for Improving Education in the Classroom
(2000) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220270050167215 · Cited by 2,533 · see citing works
Developing Talent in Young People
Cutietta, R. A. (1985) · Music Educators Journal · doi:10.2307/3396580 · Cited by 1,625 · see citing works
The coach–athlete relationship: a motivational model
Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000140374 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
The Influence of the Family in the Development of Talent in Sport
Côté, J. (1999) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.13.4.395 · Cited by 1,363 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in sport and exercise psychology measurement
Duda, J. L. (1998) · University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
(2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119568124 · Cited by 1,279 · see citing works
A Knowledge Base for the Teaching Profession: What Would It Look Like and How Can We Get One?
Hiebert, J. C., Gallimore, R. G., & Stigler, J. W. (2002) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x031005003 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
In Pursuit of the Expert Pedagogue
Berliner, D. C. (1986) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x015007007 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance
Williams, J. M. (2005) · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Practice and Play in the Development of Sport Expertise
Côté, J., Baker, J. R., & Abernethy, B. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch8 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Self-citationApplied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance
Weiss, M. R. (1987) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.1.1.83 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Dimensions of Leader Behavior in Sports: Development of a Leadership Scale
Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980) · Journal of Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsp.2.1.34 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Vernacchia, R. A. (1993) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.7.3.329 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Psychological Foundations of Sport
Silva, J. M., & Stevens, D. E. (1984) · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Understanding Sports Coaching: The Social, Cultural and Pedagogical Foundations of Coaching Practice
Cassidy, T., Jones, R. L., & Potrac, P. (2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203725757 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Learning to Coach through Experience: Reflection in Model Youth Sport Coaches
Gilbert, W., & Trudel, P. (2001) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.21.1.16 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Coaching Model: A Grounded Assessment of Expert Gymnastic Coaches’ Knowledge
Côté, J., Saimela, J., Trudel, P., Baria, A., & Russell, S. J. (1995) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.17.1.1 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationExpert Performance in Sports: Advances in Research on Sport Expertise
Gilbert, W., Martinez, D., & McCord, S. (2004) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.18.1.110 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Self-citationLyle, J. (2005) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203994986 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Understanding dropout and prolonged engagement in adolescent competitive sport
Fraser-Thomas, J., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2008) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.08.003 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationThe coaching schematic: Validation through expert coach consensus
Abraham, A., Collins, D. J., & Martindale, R. J. J. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500189173 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Children and youth in sport : a biopsychosocial perspective
Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (2002) · Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. eBooks · Cited by 362 · see citing works
A System for the Behavioral Assessment of Athletic Coaches
Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Hunt, E. B. (1977) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/10671315.1977.10615438 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Career Transitions and Career Termination
Alfermann, D., & Stambulova, N. B. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch32 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Analysis of Coaching Science Research Published from 1970–2001
Gilbert, W., & Trudel, P. (2004) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2004.10609172 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationConstructing Expert Knowledge: A Case Study of a Top-level Professional Soccer Coach
Jones, R. L., Armour, K., & Potrac, P. (2003) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573320309254 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Positive Youth Development Through Sport
(2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203944783 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Coaching effectiveness in the sport domain.
Horn, T. S. (2008) · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Trudel, P., & Gilbert, W. (2006) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608009.n29 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationPositive Youth Development Through Sport
Holt, N. L., Deal, C. J., & Pankow, K. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119568124.ch20 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
From play to practice: A developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sports
Cote, J., Baker, J. R., & Abernethy, A. B. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Examining Adolescent Sport Dropout and Prolonged Engagement from a Developmental Perspective
Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200802163549 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationTacit Knowledge in Expert Coaching: Science or Art?
Nash, C. S., & Collins, D. J. (2006) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2006.10491894 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Developmental activities that lead to dropout and investment in sport
Wall, M., & Côté, J. (2007) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408980601060358 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationChelladurai, P. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch5 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Science, Knowledge, and Sport Psychology
Martens, R. (1987) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.1.1.29 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Locating the coaching process in practice: models ‘for’ and ‘of’ coaching
Cushion, C. J., Armour, K., & Jones, R. L. (2006) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408980500466995 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
It's Not What They Do, It's How They Do It: Athlete Experiences of Great Coaching
Becker, A. J. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.4.1.93 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Jelicic, H., Bobek, D. L., Phelps, E., Lerner, R. M., & Lerner, J. V. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025407076439 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Interdependence Analysis and the 3+1Cs in the Coach–Athlete Relationship
Jowett, S. (2007) · doi:10.5040/9781492595878.ch-002 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Developmental Paths and Activities of Successful Sport Coaches
Gilbert, W., Côté, J., & Mallett, C. J. (2006) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795406776338526 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citation(2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203020074 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Toward an Holistic Understanding of the Coaching Process
Potrac, P., Brewer, C., Jones, R. L., Armour, K., & Hoff, J. (2000) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2000.10491709 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Knowles, Z. R., Gilbourne, D., Borrie, A., & Nevill, A. M. (2001) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623940123820 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Working at the Edge of Chaos: Understanding Coaching as a Complex, Interpersonal System
Bowes, I., & Jones, R. L. (2006) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.20.2.235 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Gould, D. R., Hodge, K. P., Peterson, K. M., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.1.4.293 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Role of the Coach: How Model Youth Team Sport Coaches Frame Their Roles
Gilbert, W., & Trudel, P. (2004) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.18.1.21 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationCareer Development of Expert Coaches
Nash, C. S., & Sproule, J. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.4.1.121 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Reflection in Coach Education: The Case of the National Governing Body Coaching Certificate
Nelson, L., & Cushion, C. J. (2006) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.20.2.174 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Educational Needs of Elite U.S. National Team, Pan American, and Olympic Coaches
Gould, D. R., Giannini, J., Krane, V., & Hodge, K. P. (1990) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.9.4.332 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Learning to Coach through Experience: Conditions that Influence Reflection.
Gilbert, W., & Trudel, P. (2005) · The Physical Educator · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards a Definition of Excellence in Sport Coaching
Côté, J., Young, B. W., North, J., & Duffy, P. (2007) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationReflecting on reflection: exploring the practice of sports coaching graduates
Knowles, Z. R., Tyler, G., Gilbourne, D., & Eubank, M. R. (2006) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623940600688423 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A Systematic Observation Study of the Teaching Behaviors of an Expert Basketball Coach
Bloom, G. A., Crumpton, R., & Anderson, J. E. (1999) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.13.2.157 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Servant Leadership in Sport: A New Paradigm for Effective Coach Behavior
Rieke, M., Hammermeister, J., & Chase, M. R. (2008) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795408785100635 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Côté, J., & Sedgwick, W. A. (2016) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Organizational Tasks of High-Performance Gymnastic Coaches
Côté, J., & Salmela, J. H. (1996) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.10.3.247 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationOrganisational Stressors, Coping, and Coping Effectiveness: A Longitudinal Study with an Elite Coach
Levy, A. R., Nicholls, A. R., Marchant, D., & Polman, R. C. J. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.4.1.31 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Berliner, D. C. (1991) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2602_6 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Teacher Renewal: Professional Issues, Personal Choices
Bolin, F. S., & Falk, J. M. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Weiss, M. R. (2008) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2008.10599510 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Unfolding the Practical Knowledge of an Expert Strength and Conditioning Coach
Dorgo, S. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.4.1.17 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
An Examination of the Relationship Between Coaching and Teaching
Drewe, S. B. (2000) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2000.10491702 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Cognitive and Behavioral Components of Expertise in Teaching Physical Education
Dodds, P. (1994) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.1994.10484117 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The development of expert coaching
(2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203020074-23 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
In Pursuit of the Expert Pedagogue
Berliner, D. C. (1986) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.2307/1175505 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Tracing the origins of athlete development models in sport: a citation path analysis
Bruner, M. W., Erickson, K. T., McFadden, K., & Côté, J. (2009) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840802687631 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationDebanne, T., & Fontayne, P. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.4.1.1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
"Field of Dreams:" Sport as a Context for Youth Development
Weiss, M. R. (2008) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.5641/193250308x13086832906436 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The coach as ‘orchestrator’: more realistically managing the complex coaching context
Jones, R. L., & Wallace, M. (2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203020074-16 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Enhancing Coaching Effectiveness in Figure Skating through a Mental Skills Training Program
Hall, C. R., & Rodgers, W. M. (1989) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.3.2.142 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
You Haven’t Taught Until They Have Learned: John Wooden’s Teaching Principles and Practices.
Bloom, G. A. (2006) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.20.2.246 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Research on Expertise: Guideposts for Expertise and Teacher Education in Physical Education
O’Sullivan, M., & Doutis, P. (1994) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.1994.10484119 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Schools of hope: developing mind and character in today's youth
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-2266 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Advances in Pediatric Sport Sciences (Vol. 2) Behavioral Issues
Hatfield, B. D. (1990) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2.1.83 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Coaching Experience, Playing Experience and Coaching Tenure
Mielke, D. (2007) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795407781394293 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Chapter 5 Analyzing Diagnostic Expertise of Competitive Swimming Coaches
Leas, R. R., & Michelene, T. H. (1993) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61466-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tsangaridou, N. (2006) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608009.n28 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Perceptions of Mental Training Needs by Elite Field Hockey Players and Their Coaches
Grove, B., & Hanrahan, S. J. (1988) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2.3.222 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Howell, C. E. (1942) · Sociometry · doi:10.2307/2785428 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Coaching Experience, Playing Experience and Coaching Tenure: A Commentary
James, N. (2007) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795407781394248 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wisdom and expertise in teaching: An integration of perspectives
Arlin, P. K. (1993) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/1041-6080(93)90017-m · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Locating the coaching process in practice: models 'for' and 'of'
Cushion, C. J., Armour, K., & Jones, R. L. (2006) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Confidence Building Strategies Used by High-Level Rowing Coaches
Sedgwick, W. A., Côté, J., & Dowd, J. (1998) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSchools of Hope: Developing Mind and Character in Today's Youth. The Jossey-Bass Education Series.
Heath, D. H. (1994) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Use of Video in the Semiotic Construction of Knowledge Meaning in Sport Pedagogy.
Gilbert, W., Trudel, P., & Tochon, F. (2001) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationNakasako, S.-I., ナカサコ, シ., & 中迫, 俊. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Junior sport matters: Briefing papers for Australian junior sport
Hooper, S., Macdonald, D., & Phillips, M. G. (2007) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Master Teachers in Higher Education: A Matter of Settings
Common, D. L. (1989) · Review of higher education/The review of higher education · doi:10.1353/rhe.1989.0010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Coaching and officiating for junior sport participants
Côté, J., & Gilbert, W. (2007) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development
Bergeron, M. F., Mountjoy, M. L., Armstrong, N., Chia, M., Côté, J., Emery, C. A., Faigenbaum, A. D., Hall, G., Kriemler, S., Léglise, M., et al. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094962 · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Self-citationHolt, N. L., Neely, K. C., Slater, L. G., Camiré, M., Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., MacDonald, D., Strachan, L., & Tamminen, K. A. (2017) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2016.1180704 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
“For instance, PYD-related training remains largely absent from coach education programs and youth sport programing (Côté & Gilbert, 2009; Vargas-Tonsing, 2007; Vella, Oades, & Crowe, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCoaching effectiveness: the coach–athlete relationship at its heart
Jowett, S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.006 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Positive Youth Development Through Sport
Holt, N. L., Deal, C. J., & Pankow, K. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119568124.ch20 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Vella, S. A., Oades, L. G., & Crowe, T. P. (2012) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2012.726976 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Sources, topics and use of knowledge by coaches
Stoszkowski, J., & Collins, D. J. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1072279 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Parenting in youth sport: A position paper on parenting expertise
Harwood, C., & Knight, C. J. (2014) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.001 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Spruit, A., Assink, M., van Vugt, E., van der Put, C., & Stams, G. J. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.006 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The Role of the Coach in Facilitating Positive Youth Development: Moving from Theory to Practice
Vella, S. A., Oades, L. G., & Crowe, T. P. (2011) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2010.511423 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Taking the Next Step: Ways Forward for Coaching Science
Abraham, A., & Collins, D. J. (2011) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2011.10483687 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Toward an Integrated Understanding of the Youth Sport System
Dorsch, T. E., Smith, A. L., Blazo, J., Coakley, J. J., Côté, J., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Warner, S. M., & King, M. (2020) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2020.1810847 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationSports’ disciplinary legacy and the challenge of ‘coaching differently’
Denison, J., Mills, J. P., & Konoval, T. (2015) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2015.1061986 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SPORT: A REVIEW
Holt, N. L., & Neely, K. C. (2011) · Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Relationship interdependence and satisfaction with important outcomes in coach–athlete dyads
Jowett, S., & Nezlek, J. B. (2011) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407511420980 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Coaching and Transferring Life Skills: Philosophies and Strategies Used by Model High School Coaches
Camiré, M., Trudel, P., & Forneris, T. (2012) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.26.2.243 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Coach knowledge in talent identification: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Roberts, A. H., Greenwood, D. A., Stanley, M. J., Humberstone, C. E., Iredale, F., & Raynor, A. J. (2019) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.008 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Turnnidge, J., & Côté, J. (2016) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2016.1189948 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationReflection and reflective practice discourses in coaching: a critical analysis
Cushion, C. J. (2016) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2016.1142961 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Positive Youth Development: A Measurement Framework for Sport
Vierimaa, M., Erickson, K. T., Côté, J., & Gilbert, W. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.3.601 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationA Learning Community Approach to Coach Development in Youth Sport
Gilbert, W., Gallimore, R. G., & Trudel, P. (2009) · Journal of Coaching Education · doi:10.1123/jce.2.2.3 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationExamining how model youth sport coaches learn to facilitate positive youth development
Camiré, M., Trudel, P., & Forneris, T. (2012) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2012.726975 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Positive Coaching: Ethical Practices for Athlete Development
Denison, J., & Avner, Z. (2011) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2011.10483677 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Langan, E., Blake, C., & Lonsdale, C. (2013) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.06.007 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Resilience in Youth Sport: A Qualitative Investigation of Gymnastics Coach and Athlete Perceptions
White, R. L., & Bennie, A. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.10.2-3.379 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Informal and nonformal learning for sport coaches: A systematic review
Walker, L. F., Thomas, R., & Driska, A. P. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954118791522 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sports Participation and Juvenile Delinquency: A Meta-Analytic Review
Spruit, A., van Vugt, E., van der Put, C. E., van der Stouwe, T., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0389-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Jowett, S., Nascimento-Júnior, J. R. A. D., Zhao, C., & Gosai, J. (2022) · Psychology of Sport And Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102363 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Vella, S. A., Oades, L. G., & Crowe, T. P. (2013) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.8.3.513 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lefebvre, J. S., Evans, M. B., Turnnidge, J., Gainforth, H. L., & Côté, J. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954116676116 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical Demands during Official Competitions in Elite Handball: A Systematic Review
García-Sánchez, C., Navarro, R. M., Karcher, C., & de la Rubia, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043353 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Partington, M., Cushion, C. J., & Harvey, S. (2013) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.835063 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Application of Coach Leadership Models to Coaching Practice: Current State and Future Directions
Vella, S. A., Oades, L. G., & Crowe, T. P. (2010) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.5.3.425 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) in seven countries
Yang, S. X., & Jowett, S. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.010 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Erickson, K. T., Côté, J., Hollenstein, T., & Deakin, J. M. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.06.006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationSerial Winning Coaches: People, Vision, and Environment
Mallett, C. J., & Lara-Bercial, S. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803634-1.00014-5 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Erickson, K. T., & Côté, J. (2015) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.006 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health and Organized Youth Sport
Vella, S. A. (2019) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/kr.2019-0025 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The Epistemological Chain: Practical Applications in Sports
Grečić, D., & Collins, D. J. (2013) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2013.773525 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Coaching and Coach Education in Brazil
Milistetd, M., Trudel, P., Mesquita, I., & do Nascimento, J. V. (2014) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2014-0103 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Orth, D., van der Kamp, J., & Button, C. (2019) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1557132 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Becoming a Coach in Developmental Adaptive Sailing: A Lifelong Learning Perspective
Duarte, T., & Culver, D. M. (2014) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2014.920935 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Caring as sustainable coaching in elite athletics: benefits and challenges
Dohsten, J., Barker‐Ruchti, N., & Lindgren, E. (2018) · Sports Coaching Review · doi:10.1080/21640629.2018.1558896 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
How power moves: A Foucauldian analysis of (in)effective coaching
Mills, J. P., & Denison, J. (2016) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690216654719 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Interrogating Positive Youth Development Through Sport Using Critical Race Theory
Kochanek, J., & Erickson, K. T. (2019) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2019.1641728 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Jokuschies, N., Gut, V., & Conzelmann, A. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954117727646 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Increasing the Effectiveness of Formal Coach Education: Evidence of a Parallel Process
Vella, S. A., Crowe, T. P., & Oades, L. G. (2013) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.8.2.417 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Understanding the “gut instinct” of expert coaches during talent identification
Roberts, A. H., Greenwood, D., Stanley, M. J., Humberstone, C. E., Iredale, F., & Raynor, A. J. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1823083 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Trudel, P., Milistetd, M., & Culver, D. M. (2019) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2019-0037 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Bennie, A., & O’Connor, D. (2010) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.5.2.309 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Project SCORE! Coaches’ perceptions of an online tool to promote positive youth development in sport
Strachan, L., MacDonald, D. J., & Côté, J. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954115624827 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationHorn, T. S., Bloom, P., Berglund, K. M., & Packard, S. S. (2011) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.25.2.190 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Coach–Athlete Relationship in Strength and Conditioning: High Performance Athletes’ Perceptions
Foulds, S. J., Hoffmann, S. M., Hinck, K., & Carson, F. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7120244 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Evans, M. B., McGuckin, M., Gainforth, H. L., Bruner, M. W., & Côté, J. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094634 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationCranmer, G. A., & Myers, S. A. (2014) · Communication & Sport · doi:10.1177/2167479513520487 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Piggott, D. (2013) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2013.837435 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sagar, S. S., & Jowett, S. (2012) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2011.651256 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Coaching journeys: longitudinal experiences from professional football in Great Britain
Watts, D. W., & Cushion, C. J. (2016) · Sports Coaching Review · doi:10.1080/21640629.2016.1238135 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bentzen, M., Lemyre, P.-N., & Kenttä, G. (2016) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2015.1053160 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Mesquita, I., Isidro, S., & Rosado, A. F. B. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Social climate profiles in adolescent sports: Associations with enjoyment and intention to continue
Gardner, L. A., Magee, C., & Vella, S. A. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.003 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Female Paralympic Athlete Views of Effective and Ineffective Coaching Practices
Alexander, D. M., Bloom, G. A., & Taylor, S. (2019) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2018.1543735 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Coaches’ learning and sustainability in high performance sport
Rynne, S. B., & Mallett, C. J. (2014) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2013.868798 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Galatti, L. R., Bettega, O. B., Brasil, V. Z., Sobrinho, A. E. P. D. S., Bertram, R., Tozetto, A. V. B., Rodrigues, H. D. A., Collet, C., do Nascimento, J. V., & Milistetd, M. (2016) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2015-0071 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review
Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Fisher, K., Gwyther, K., Kocherginsky, M., & Rice, S. M. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00655-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Previous research has largely opera-tionalised coaching effectiveness by employing Côté and Gilbert’s [41] proposed definition, “the consistent application of integrated professional, interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge to improve athletes’ competence, confidence, connection, and character in…”
MethodAllan, V., Evans, M. B., Latimer‐Cheung, A. E., & Côté, J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2019.1587551 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationPedagogical Cases in Physical Education and Youth Sport
Cloes, M., Hody, S., Jidovtseff, B., Etienne, A.-M., & Mouton, A. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203795927 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Bergmann, F., Gray, R., Wachsmuth, S., & Höner, O. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772201 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Serrano, J. M. P. R., Shahidian, S., Sampaio, J. E., & Leite, N. M. C. (2013) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2013-0055 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
How coach leadership is related to the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport
de Subijana, C. L., Martin, L. J., Ramos, J., & Côté, J. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541211021523 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMiller, P. K., Cronin, C., & Baker, G. (2015) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2015.1012544 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Gearity, B. T. (2011) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2010.548061 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mapping the World of Coaching Science: A Citation Network Analysis
Rangeon, S., Gilbert, W., & Bruner, M. W. (2012) · Journal of Coaching Education · doi:10.1123/jce.5.1.83 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationFootball, sport and the development of young people’s life skills
Cope, E., Bailey, R. P., Parnell, D., & Nicholls, A. R. (2016) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2016.1207771 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Exploring stressors and coping among volunteer, part-time and full-time sports coaches
Potts, A., Didymus, F., & Kaiseler, M. (2019) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2018.1457562 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lived experience and community sport coaching: A phenomenological investigation
Cronin, C., & Armour, K. (2013) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2013.858625 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Development of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q)
Rhind, D. J. A., & Jowett, S. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A Framework for Decision-Making Within Strength and Conditioning Coaching
Till, K., Muir, B., Abraham, A., Piggott, D., & Tee, J. C. (2018) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000408 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The influence of community on athletic development: an integrated case study
Balish, S. M., & Côté, J. (2013) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2013.766815 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCoaching competency and trust in coach in sport teams
Kao, S.-F., Hsieh, M.-H., & Lee, P.-L. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954117710508 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ross, A. J., Mallett, C. J., & Parkes, J. F. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.10.4.605 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Araya, J., Bennie, A., & O’Connor, D. (2014) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2013-0036 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Understanding Effective Coaching: A Foucauldian Reading of Current Coach Education Frameworks
Avner, Z., Markula, P., & Denison, J. (2017) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2016-0108 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Donoso-Morales, D., Bloom, G. A., & Caron, J. G. (2017) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1370531 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The impact of humanistic coach training on youth athletes’ development through sport
Falcão, W. R., Bloom, G. A., & Sabiston, C. M. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954120933975 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hall, E. T., Gray, S., & Sproule, J. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1076571 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Preston, C., & Fraser-Thomas, J. L. (2017) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2016-0099 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Erikstad, M. K., Johansen, B. T., Johnsen, M., Haugen, T., & Côté, J. (2021) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2020-0107 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationHolism in Sports Coaching: Beyond Humanistic Psychology
Cassidy, T. G. (2010) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.5.4.439 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vella, S. A., Oades, L. G., & Crowe, T. P. (2012) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.26.2.207 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Yang, S. X., Jowett, S., & Chan, D. K. C. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12329 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Paquette, K. J., Hussain, A., Trudel, P., & Camiré, M. (2014) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2013-0006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Zhao, C. G., & Jowett, S. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221148113 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hill, A. P., & Davis, P. (2014) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9404-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Embedding experiential learning in HE sport coaching courses: An action research study
Cronin, C., & Lowes, J. (2016) · Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2016.02.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The concept of rules in the coach-athlete relationship
Jowett, S., & Carpenter, P. J. (2015) · Sports Coaching Review · doi:10.1080/21640629.2015.1106145 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Spruit, A., van der Put, C. E., van Vugt, E., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2017) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x17698055 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Student teachers’ reflection during practicum: plenty on action, few in action
Zhu, X. (2011) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2011.601097 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Exploring biographical learning in elite soccer coaching
Christensen, M. K. (2011) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2011.637550 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Understanding Sources of Knowledge for Coaches of Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities
MacDonald, D. J., Beck, K. L., Erickson, K. T., & Côté, J. (2015) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12174 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceived Motivational Climate and Team Cohesion in Adolescent Athletes
Horn, T. S., Byrd, M. M., Martin, E., & Young, C. (2012) · Sport Science Review · doi:10.2478/v10237-012-0009-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Côté, J., & Gilbert, W.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- California State University, Fresno (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 307-323
- ISSN
- 1747-9541 (ISSN-L)
- 2048-397X
- OpenAlex
- W2136418537
- Cited by
- 1,131
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 48.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching (publishedVersion)
- QSpace (Queen's University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Coaching Methods and Impact
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
- Keywords
- coaching effectiveness, coaching expertise, coaching context, positive psychology, athlete development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
