Cutaneous Endometriosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a unique entity described in ample literature as the decidualization of endometrial tissues under the influence of gynecological hormones outside the uterine cavity. The post-surgical presence of ectopic endometrial tissue on the skin is known as abdominal wall endometriosis, cutaneous endometriosis, or scar endometriosis. Iatrogenic implantation of detached endometrial tissues at the incision site is the most widely accepted theory for this rare monad. The unspecific scar endometriosis presentation makes it challenging to diagnose. Moreover, it can easily be confused with hematoma, hernia, lipoma, abscess, scar granuloma, and tumor. Here, we report and discuss a rare case of scar endometriosis with various available treatment modalities. CASE REPORT We delineate a case of a 39-year-old woman with abdominal wall cutaneous endometriosis. An "inverted T" incision opened the abdominal and uterine cavity as it was a problematic preterm breech in labor. After an uneventful postoperative and postpartum period, she presented with a painful, discolored nodular mass of approximately 3 cm in diameter at the left border of the cesarian scar, developed over 1.5 years, often accompanied by drainage of brownish discharge. Ultrasonography with color Doppler showed a hypoechoic lesion with internal vascularity, corroborated our preliminary diagnosis of scar endometriosis, which was further confirmed by surgical excision and histopathology. CONCLUSIONS A proper surgical resection is the standard treatment line for scar endometriosis. However, patients need regular follow-up to look for recurrences, even after treatment. Further studies are recommended to establish factors associated with cutaneous endometriosis recurrence.
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The most common presentation of cutaneous endometriosis is a triad of non-malignant abdominal mass, recurring pain with menses, and previous history of abdominal surgery.
“The most common presentation of cutaneous endometriosis is a triad of non-malignant abdominal mass, recurring pain with menses, and previous history of abdominal surgery.”
From Abdominal Wall Endometriosis at the Cesarean Section Scar (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
The degree of pain and dimensions of scar endometriosis vary with the menstrual cycle.
“The degree of pain and dimensions of scar endometriosis vary with the menstrual cycle [10].”
From Abdominal Wall Endometriosis at the Cesarean Section Scar (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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Al Hoshan, M. S., & Shaikh, A. A. (2023) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.940200 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis at the Cesarean Section Scar
Rexhepi, M., Asani, L. V., Mulaki, L., Koprivnjak, K., & Azemi, M. (2023) · PRILOZI · doi:10.2478/prilozi-2023-0055 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gonzalez, R. H., Singh, M. S., & Hamza, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Inova Fairfax Hospital (US)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Millennium Pregnancy and Gynecology Center, Reston, USA, VA
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Minakshi Sardha
- Venue
- American Journal of Case Reports
- Published
- 2021-08-11
- Volume
- 22
- Pages
- e932493-e932493
- ISSN
- 1941-5923 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8476184
- OpenAlex
- W3193931025
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- American Journal of Case Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- cutaneous endometriosis, scar endometriosis, abdominal wall endometriosis, cesarean section scar, postoperative complications, surgical excision, recurrence, differential diagnosis, color Doppler ultrasound
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cesarean Section, Cicatrix, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Pregnancy, Abdominal Wall
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