The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Network
Abstract
The formation of a network is determined by the opposition of two forces. The first is the reproduction of network structure as a general social resource for network members. The second is the alteration of network structure by entrepreneurs for their own benefit. The idea of reproduction is a conventional one in organizational sociology but has taken on increased importance due to the work of Bourdieu and Coleman. In contrast, Burt stresses the entrepreneurship of individual agents in exploiting structural holes that lie between constrained positions. Though complementary, the theories of social capital and structural holes have fundamentally different implications for network formation. This paper investigates these theories by examining empirically the formation of the interorganizational network among biotechnology firms. We propose that network structure determines the frequency with which a new biotechnology firm (or startup) establishes new relationships. Network structure indicates both where social capital is distributed in the industry and where opportunities for entrepreneurial action are located. The reproduction of network structure depends on how startups value social capital compared to these opportunities. The critical test is, consequently, whether new relationships reproduce or alter the inherited network structure. We find strong support for the power of social capital in reproducing the network over time.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry
Shan, W., Walker, G., & Kogut, B. (1994) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250150505 · Cited by 1,166
Self-citationSocial Structure from Multiple Networks. II. Role Structures
Boorman, S. A., & White, H. C. (1976) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226228 · Cited by 788
Network Position and Cognition in a Computer Software Firm
Walker, G. (1985) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392814 · Cited by 129
Self-citation
Cited by
Structural Holes and Good Ideas
Burt, R. S. (2004) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/421787 · Cited by 5,642
Jansen, J. J. P., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2006) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0576 · Cited by 3,705
Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.-W. (2002) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/4134367 · Cited by 9,665
Network-based research in entrepreneurship
Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9026(02)00081-2 · Cited by 2,302
Organizational Social Capital and Employment Practices
Leana, C. R., & van Buren, H. J. (1999) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1999.2202136 · Cited by 2,063
Abusive Supervision in Work Organizations: Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda
Tepper, B. J. (2007) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206307300812 · Cited by 1,698
Trapped in Your Own Net? Network Cohesion, Structural Holes, and the Adaptation of Social Capital
Gargiulo, M., & Benassi, M. (2000) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.11.2.183.12514 · Cited by 1,511
Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.005 · Cited by 1,222
Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective
Aidis, R., Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2008) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.005 · Cited by 801
The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances
Gulati, R., Wohlgezogen, F., & Zhelyazkov, P. (2012) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2012.691646 · Cited by 768
Networks, Propinquity, and Innovation in Knowledge-intensive Industries
Whittington, K. B., Owen-Smith, J., & Powell, W. W. (2009) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.2009.54.1.90 · Cited by 576
Entrepreneurs’ access to private equity in China: The role of social capital
Batjargal, B., & Liu, M. (. (2004) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1030.0044 · Cited by 454
Antecedents and consequences of social capital on buyer performance improvement
Lawson, B., Tyler, B. B., & Cousins, P. D. (2008) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2007.10.001 · Cited by 394
Global value chain governance: A relational perspective
Kano, L. (2018) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-017-0086-8 · Cited by 346
Comparing alliance network structure across industries: observations and explanations
Rosenkopf, L., & Schilling, M. A. (2007) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.33 · Cited by 222
A causal test of the strength of weak ties
Rajkumar, K., Saint-Jacques, G., Bojinov, I., Brynjolfsson, E., & Aral, S. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abl4476 · Cited by 216
De Clercq, D., Thongpapanl, N., & Dimov, D. (2009) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-008-0122-0 · Cited by 168
Eveleens, C. P., van Rijnsoever, F. J., & Niesten, E. M. M. I. (2017) · The Journal of Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/s10961-016-9510-7 · Cited by 162
Better with Age? Tie Longevity and the Performance Implications of Bridging and Closure
Baum, J. A. C., McEvily, B., & Rowley, T. J. (2012) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0566 · Cited by 133
Casting the Net: A Multimodal Network Perspective on User–System Interactions
Kane, G. C., & Alavi, M. (2008) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1070.0158 · Cited by 135
Bordons, M., Aparicio, J., González-Albo, B., & Díaz-Faes, A. A. (2015) · Journal of Informetrics · doi:10.1016/j.joi.2014.12.001 · Cited by 131
Rowley, T. J., Baum, J. A. C., Shipilov, A. V., Greve, H. R., & Rao, H. (2004) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.1201 · Cited by 76
Metadata
- Authors
- Walker, G., Kogut, B., & Shan, W.
- Venue
- Organization Science
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-125
- ISSN
- 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5455
- OpenAlex
- W1979457684
- Cited by
- 1,693
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 59.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
