Teachers’ and pupils’ definitions of bullying.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Comparison of teachers' and pupils' definitions of bullying is important for considering the implications for reports of its incidence in schools, for the study of developmental trends in children's and adolescents' perceptions of the phenomenon and for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions designed to combat bullying. AIMS: To investigate the effects of gender, teacher/pupil status and, for pupils, bullied/non-bullied (target/non-target) status and age on the definition of bullying. SAMPLES: Teachers (N=225: 158 women, 67 men) and pupils (N=1,820: 466 boys, 460 girls were 11-12 years old, year 7, and 415 boys, 479 girls were 13-14 years, year 9) in 51 UK secondary schools participated in a questionnaire survey. A total of 557 of the pupils (117 girls and 117 boys aged 11-12 years, and 197 girls and 126 boys aged 13-14 years) reported that they had been bullied at some time in their present school. METHODS: Written questionnaire responses to the question, 'Say what you think bullying is' have been content analysed to derive two sets of categories, one of bullying behaviour and the other of effects of bullying on the target. RESULTS: Regarding both bullying behaviour and the effects of bullying on the target, teachers - by comparison with pupils - have been found to express more comprehensive ideas in their definitions. Specifically, pupils compared with teachers are more likely to restrict their definitions to direct bullying (verbal and/or physical abuse) and are less likely to refer to social exclusion, a power imbalance in the bully's favour and the bully's intention to cause the target hurt or harm and to feel threatened. Analysis of definitions on the bases of sex, pupil age and target/non-target status show that: targets are more likely than non-targets are to refer to the bully's physically and verbally abusive behaviour, and for Year 7 compared with Year 9 pupils, to suggest that bullies socially exclude targets; girls are more likely than boys are to mention verbal abuse and the effects on the target of 'Feels hurt/harm', but boys are more likely than girls are to construe bullying as involving repetition; older pupils are more likely than younger ones are to refer to a power imbalance in the bully's favour but, for bully targets, younger ones compared with older ones are more likely to invoke the idea of social exclusion in their definitions. CONCLUSIONS: The most important implication of the findings of this study that there are important differences between teachers' and pupils' definitions of bullying is that teachers need to listen carefully to what pupils have to say about bullying and work with and help them to develop their conceptions of the phenomenon. Some teachers, too, need to develop their conceptions of bullying.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Harm inflicted on victims is a salient feature in students' definitions of bullying.
“while harm inflicted on victims is a salient feature in their definition of bullying (Madsen, 1996; Naylor et al., 2006).”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Young children tend to differentiate only between non-aggressive and aggressive acts, viewing the latter as bullying even when they do not involve bullying behavior.
“young children tend to differentiate only between non-aggressive and aggressive acts, viewing the latter as bullying even when they do not involve bullying behavior (e.g., children of equal power fighting over a misunderstanding)”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Males are more likely to describe observable behaviors that may occur in bullying incidents.
“males are more likely to describe observable behaviors that may occur in bullying incidents”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Children are more likely to refer to direct victimization (physical and verbal) compared to teachers, who tend to refer also to indirect forms of bullying.
“children are more likely to refer to direct victimization (physical and verbal) compared to their teachers, who in turn tend to refer also to indirect forms of bullying (e.g., social exclusion; Naylor et al., 2006).”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Females' representations of bullying focus more on the impact of bullying and the emotional well-being of victims.
“females’ representations of bullying appear to focus more on the impact of bullying and the emotional well-being of the victims”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Adolescents and adults have a more complex understanding of bullying, successfully distinguishing between direct and indirect forms of physical, relational/social, and verbal bullying behaviors.
“in turn adolescents and adults have a more complex understanding of bullying, successfully distinguishing between direct and indirect forms of physical, relational/social, and verbal bullying behaviors”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Females tend to report more verbal abuse than males.
“Some data show that females tend to report more verbal abuse than males (Naylor et al., 2006).”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Naylor et al., 2006
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x · Cited by 3,954 · see citing works
The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression
Rubin, K. H., & Pepler, D. J. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203771693 · Cited by 2,760 · see citing works
An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis
Musiol, G. (1997) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/s0167-9473(97)84760-3 · Cited by 1,984 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions.
Plewis, I., & Fleiss, J. L. (1982) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2982107 · Cited by 1,753 · see citing works
A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools
Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0013188930350101 · Cited by 1,292 · see citing works
Relational and overt aggression in preschool.
Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.33.4.579 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J., Björkqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
A developmental investigation of social aggression among children.
Galen, B. R., & Underwood, M. K. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.33.4.589 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., Liefooghe, A. P. D., Almeida, A., Araki, H., del Barrio, C., Costabile, A., Dekleva, B., Houndoumadi, A., et al. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00461 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
BULLY/VICTIM PROBLEMS AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL CHILDREN
Boulton, M. J., & Underwood, K. (1992) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1992.tb01000.x · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Peer involvement in bullying: insights and challenges for intervention
O'CONNELL, P., Pepler, D. J., & Craig, W. (1999) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0238 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools
Turner, P. (1999) · Teaching Public Administration · doi:10.1177/014473949901900204 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Boulton, M. J., & Smith, P. K. (1994) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1994.tb00637.x · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Relational and overt aggression in preschool.
Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.579 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
A developmental investigation of social aggression among children.
Galen, B. R., & Underwood, M. K. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.589 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Sharp, S., Smith, P. K., & Smith, P. K. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203425497 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Doing Quantitative Psychological Research: From Design To Report
Clark-Carter, D. D. (1997) · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C., & Moody, J. C. (1999) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0013188990410303 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Teachers' views on bullying: definitions, attitudes and ability to cope
Boulton, M. J. (1997) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997.tb01239.x · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Naylor, P. B., & Cowie, H. (1999) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0241 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Boulton, M. J., Trueman, M., & Flemington, I. (2002) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/0305569022000042390 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Clare, A. W. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Bullying behaviour in Irish schools: A nationwide study
Q’Moore, A. M., Kirkham, C., & Smith, M. E. G. (1997) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1997.10558137 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Bully/victim problems in school: Knowledge base and an effective intervention program
Olweus, D. (1997) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1997.10558138 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Pupils’ definitions of bullying.
Guerin, S., & Hennessy, E. (2002) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/bf03173535 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Coping Strategies of Secondary School Children in Response to Being Bullied
Naylor, P. B., Cowie, H., & Rey, R. D. (2001) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/1475-3588.00333 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Perceptions and experiences of bullying in younger pupils
Smith, P. K., & Levan, S. (1995) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1995.tb01168.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Arora, C. (1996) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034396174002 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Parents' Definitions of Children's Bullying in a Five-Country Comparison
Smorti, A., Menesini, E., & Smith, P. K. (2003) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022103034004003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Younger, A. J., Schwartzman, A. E., & Ledingham, J. E. (1986) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.22.4.531 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Tackling Bullying: Listening to the Views of Children and Young People
Oliver, C., & Candappa, M. (2003) · Digital Education Resource Archive (University College London) · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Bullying: teachers’ views and school effects
Siann, G., Callaghan, M., Lockhart, R., & Rawson, L. (1993) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/0305569930190306 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Social interaction and personal relationships
Miell, D., & Dallos, R. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Coping With Bullying in Schools
Byrne, B. J. (1993) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jerome, L., & Segal, A. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046885.27264.61 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Studies on wild house mice VI: Differential effects of the Y chromosome on intermale aggression
Sluyter, F., van Oortmerssen, G. A., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1994) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A whole-school response: From crisis management to prevention
Tattum, D. P. (1997) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1997.10558141 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Studies on wild house mice iv: On the heredity of testosterone and readiness to attack
van Oortmerssen, G. A., Benus, R. F., & Sluyter, F. (1992) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Teachers' Perceptions of Children's Behaviour Problems in Nursery Classes in Greece
Ramasut, A., & Papatheodorou, T. (1994) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034394152004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bullying: Effective Strategies for Long-term Change
Arora, T., Sharp, S., & Thompson, D. (2002) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Felix, E. D., Sharkey, J. D., Green, J. G., Furlong, M. J., & Tanigawa, D. (2011) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20389 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Perceptions and correlates of peer‐victimization and bullying
Hunter, S. C., Boyle, J. M. E., & Warden, D. (2006) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709906x171046 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Boulton, M. J., Smith, P. K., & Cowie, H. (2010) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034310362329 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Faris, R., & Felmlee, D. (2014) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122414524573 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Promoting Mental Health Literacy Among Educators
Whitley, J., Smith, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2013) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573512468852 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Salmon, S., Turner, S. E., Taillieu, T., Fortier, J., & Afifi, T. O. (2017) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.005 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Lund, E. M., & Ross, S. W. (2016) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838015620818 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding of Bullying in School Settings
Carrera, M. V., DePalma, R., & Fernández, M. L. (2011) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-011-9171-x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Telling is compelling: the impact of student reports of bullying on teacher intervention
Novick, R. M., & Isaacs, J. (2010) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410903573123 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Maunder, R., Harrop, A., & Tattersall, A. J. (2010) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2010.504062 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
How do secondary school students explain bullying?
Thornberg, R., & Delby, H. (2019) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2019.1600376 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
School bullying as a creator of pupil peer pressure
Hamarus, P., & Kaikkonen, P. (2008) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131880802499779 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Rønning, J. A., Sourander, A., Kumpulainen, K., Tamminen, T., Niemelä, S., Moilanen, I. K., Helenius, H. Y. M., Piha, J., & Almqvist, F. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0395-0 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
School bullying from a sociocultural perspective
Maunder, R., & Crafter, S. (2017) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.10.010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Profiles of internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with bullying victimization
Eastman, M. L., Foshee, V. A., Ennett, S. T., Sotres‐Alvarez, D., Reyes, H. L. M., Faris, R., & North, K. E. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Teacher, parent and student perceptions of the motives of cyberbullies
Compton, L., Campbell, M. A., & Mergler, A. (2014) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-014-9254-x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Repetition, Power Imbalance, and Intentionality
Gordillo, I. C. (2011) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260511431436 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Definitions of school bullying in Taiwan: A comparison of multiple perspectives
Cheng, Y., Chen, L., Ho, H.-C., & Cheng, C.-L. (2011) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034311404130 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD DIFFERENT TYPES OF BULLYING AND VICTIMIZATION IN TURKEY
Duy, B. (2013) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21729 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Dimensions of empathy and bystander intervention in bullying in elementary school
Fredrick, S. S., Jenkins, L. N., & Ray, K. (2020) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2020.03.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Brank, E. M., Hoetger, L. A., & Hazen, K. P. (2012) · Annual Review of Law and Social Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173820 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Understanding and defining bullying – adolescents’ own views
Hellström, L., Persson, L. J. P., & Hagquist, C. (2015) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/2049-3258-73-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Fitton, D., & Read, J. C. (2019) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3311927.3323136 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Seehra, J., Newton, T., & DiBiase, A. T. (2011) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.339 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Esthetic dental anomalies as motive for bullying in schoolchildren
Scheffel, D. L. S., Jeremias, F., Fragelli, C. M. B., dos Santos-Pinto, L. A. M., Hebling, J., & de Oliveira, O. B. (2014) · European Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.4103/1305-7456.126266 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Subjective Well-Being of Bullied Children in Indonesia
Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2019) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-019-09778-1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lee, E. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025408098028 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kofoed, J., & Staksrud, E. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444818810026 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Concepts of bullying: Developmental and cultural aspects
Smith, P. K., & Monks, C. P. (2008) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2008.20.2.101 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Resident-to-resident relational aggression and subjective well-being in assisted living facilities
Trompetter, H. R., Scholte, R. H. J., & Westerhof, G. J. (2010) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.501059 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Houlston, C., & Smith, P. K. (2008) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709908x293878 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cascardi, M. A., Brown, C., Iannarone, M., & Cardona, N. (2013) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2013.846861 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Improving the School Context of Early Adolescence Through Teacher Attunement to Victimization
Norwalk, K. E., Hamm, J. V., Farmer, T. W., & Barnes, K. L. (2015) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431615590230 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Definition, consequences, prevalence
Campbell, M. A., & Bauman, S. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811423-0.00001-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Teacher and Administrator Perceptions of Bullying in Schools
Kennedy, T. D., Russom, A. G., & Kevorkian, M. M. (2012) · International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership · doi:10.22230/ijepl.2012v7n5a395 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Teachers’ and parents’ understanding of traditional and cyberbullying
Campbell, M. A., Whiteford, C., & Hooijer, J. (2018) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2018.1507826 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bullying, Social Power and Heteronormativity: Girls’ Constructions of Popularity
Duncan, N., & Owens, L. W. (2011) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2011.00378.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Raufelder, D., & Kulakow, S. (2021) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12438 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“As a Parent You Become a Tiger”: Parents Talking about Bullying at School
Hale, R., Fox, C. L., & Murray, M. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0710-z · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Rajendran, K., Kruszewski, E., & Halperin, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12433 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A systematic review of bullying definitions: how definition and format affect study outcome
Younan, B. (2018) · Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research · doi:10.1108/jacpr-02-2018-0347 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Issues in the assessment of bullying: Implications for conceptualizations and future directions
Jia, M., & Mikami, A. Y. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.05.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Defining the word bullying: Inconsistencies and lack of clarity among current definitions
Slattery, L., George, H. P., & Kern, L. (2019) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2019.1579164 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Defining Cyberbullying: a Multifaceted Definition Based on the Perspectives of Emerging Adults
Alipan, A., Skues, J. L., Theiler, S., & Wise, L. (2020) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00018-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Romera, E. M., Rey, R. D., & Ruiz, R. O. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Bullying: A Systematic Review
Dawes, M., Gariton, C. E., Starrett, A., Irdam, G., & Irvin, M. J. (2022) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543221094081 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
van Aalst, D. A. E., Huitsing, G., & Veenstra, R. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00145-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Traditional Versus Internet Bullying in Junior High School Students
Gofin, R., & Avitzour, M. (2012) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-012-0989-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The power of the word: students’ and school staff’s use of the established bullying definition.
Eriksen, I. M. (2018) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2018.1454263 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Role of School Context in Implementing a Statewide Anti-Bullying Policy and Protecting Students
Hall, W. J., & Chapman, M. V. (2016) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/0895904816637689 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rotten apple or rotten barrel? Social identity and children's responses to bullying
Jones, S. E., Haslam, S. A., York, L., & Ryan, M. K. (2007) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/026151007x200385 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bullying and School Climate from the Aspects of the Students and Teachers
Kartal, H., & Bilgin, A. (2009) · Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Moving beyond the Emphasis on Bullying: A Generalized Approach to Peer Aggression in High School
Donoghue, C., & Raia‐Hawrylak, A. (2015) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdv042 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Understanding bullying from young people’s perspectives: An exploratory study
Hellström, L., & Lundberg, A. (2020) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2020.1821388 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Newgent, R. A., Lounsbery, K. L., Keller, E. A., Baker, C. R., Cavell, T. A., & Boughfman, E. M. (2009) · Journal of school counseling · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Söderberg, P., & Björkqvist, K. (2019) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1570410 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Teacher Engagement with Bullying: Managing an Identity within a School
Migliaccio, T. A. (2014) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732173.2014.978430 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Adolescents’ definitions of bullying: The contribution of age, gender, and experience of bullying.
Byrne, H., Dooley, B., Fitzgerald, A., & Dolphin, L. (2016) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-015-0271-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
O’Brien, S. O., Campbell, M. A., & Whiteford, C. (2023) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2023.2289117 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Allen, K. P. (2015) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2014.893857 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Whitley, J., Smith, J. D., Vaillancourt, T., & Neufeld, J. (2018) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89842-1_9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wurf, G. (2012) · Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1017/jgc.2012.2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Garrett, L. (2018) · Aigne Journal · doi:10.33178/aigne.vol5.5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bullying among adolescents: The role of skills
Sarzosa, M., & Urzúa, S. (2021) · Quantitative Economics · doi:10.3982/qe1215 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Impact of Cyberbullying and Cyber Harassment on Academic Achievement
Egeberg, G. C., Thorvaldsen, S., & Rønning, J. A. (2016) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-648-4_11 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bullying in schools: What is the problem, and how can educators solve it?
Strohmeier, D., & Noam, G. G. (2012) · New Directions for Youth Development · doi:10.1002/yd.20003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bullying in New Zealand Schools: A Final Report
Green, V. A., Harcourt, S., Mattioni, L., & Prior, T. (2013) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Jeffrey, J., & Stuart, J. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00026-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Morabito, D. M., Burani, K., & Hajcak, G. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01100-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
On the Front Lines: Educating Teachers about Bullying and Prevention Methods
Glasner (2010) · Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.3844/jssp.2010.537.541 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gordillo, I. C. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bullying affects: the affective violence and moral orders of school bullying
Lohmeyer, B. A., & Threadgold, S. (2023) · Critical Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/17508487.2023.2193421 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Öğretmenlerin Akran Zorbalığına İlişkin Görüşleri ve Zorbalıkla Baş Etme Stratejileri
Akyol, N. A., YILDIZ, C., & Akman, B. (2017) · Hacettepe University Journal of Education · doi:10.16986/huje.2017032926 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Muluk, S., Habiburrahim, H., Dahliana, S., & Akmal, S. (2021) · Englisia Journal of language education and humanities · doi:10.22373/ej.v8i2.8996 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Australian Early Childhood Teachers’ Understanding of Bullying
Ey, L.-A., & Campbell, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211006355 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Multiple perspectives on the targets and causes of school bullying
Wong, C.-T., Cheng, Y., & Chen, L. (2013) · Educational Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1080/02667363.2013.837030 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Peter, C. R., Tasker, T. B., & Horn, S. S. (2016) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000199 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Understanding and preventing bullying and sexual harassment in school.
Espelage, D. L., & Holt, M. K. (2011) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/13274-016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Victimization and bullying among 8-year-old Finnish children
Santalahti, P., Sourander, A., Aromaa, M. E., Helenius, H. Y. M., Ikäheimo, K., & Piha, J. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0688-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bullying. Description of the roles of victim, bully, peer group, school, family and society.
Canales, M. U., Oidor, C. A., Baena, V. S., & Ruíz, E. D. J. (2018) · International Journal of Sociology of Education · doi:10.17583/rise.2018.3547 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Teachers’ Awareness and Sensitivity to a Bullying Incident: A Qualitative Study
Paljakka, A. (2023) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-023-00185-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
How students with autism spectrum conditions understand traditional bullying and cyberbullying
Hwang, Y., Dillon-Wallace, J. A., Campbell, M. A., Ashburner, J. K., Saggers, B. R., Carrington, S. B., & Hand, K. (2017) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2017.1370736 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bullying among Adolescents: The Role of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills
Sarzosa, M., & Urzúa, S. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21631 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Students' Perceptions of Bullying in Oklahoma Public Schools
Hughes, P. P., Middleton, K. M., & Marshall, D. D. (2009) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220902910656 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Two sides to the story: Adolescent and parent views on harmful intention in defining school bullying
Thomas, H. J., Connor, J. P., Baguley, C. M., & Scott, J. G. (2016) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21694 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Bullying
Mazzone, A., Kollerová, L., & Norman, J. O. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781118482650.ch8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Creencias de docentes acerca del bullying
Valdés‐Cuervo, A. A., Nénninger, E. H. E., & Valenzuela, A. M. (2014) · Perfiles Educativos · doi:10.1016/s0185-2698(14)70637-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Experiences Versus Perceptions: Do Students Agree That They Have Been Bullied?
Connell, N. M., Schell-Busey, N. M., & Hernández, R. (2018) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x18792437 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Romera, E. M., Rodríguez-Barbero, S., & Ruiz, R. O. (2015) · Culture and Education · doi:10.1080/11356405.2015.1006850 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bullying Acoso EscolarPreprint
Urra, M. (2017) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/fxsy3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fry, D. A., Mackay, K. M., Childers-Buschle, K. E., Wazny, K., & Bahou, L. (2019) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2019.102988 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Do teachers really underestimate the prevalence of bullying in schools?
Rigby, K. (2020) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-020-09564-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wie zuverlässig sind Selbsteinschätzungen von Schülern zum Vorkommen von Bullying?
Hautzinger, M., Morbitzer, P., & Spröber, N. (2009) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2009.58.2.81 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, L., Sung, Y., & Cheng, W. (2017) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-017-0354-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kartal, H. (2009) · Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bruening, R., Orengo‐Aguayo, R., Onwuachi-Willig, A., & Ramirez, M. R. (2017) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2017.1322517 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Marengo, D., Settanni, M., Longobardi, C., & Fabris, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862711 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“, physical and verbal aggression) when compared to students who had not been involved in bullying (Naylor et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPillay, J. (2021) · South African Journal of Childhood Education · doi:10.4102/sajce.v11i1.956 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Forsberg, C. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00132-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chung, K. L., & Charles, K. E. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.059 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Naylor, P., Cowie, H., Cossin, F., de Bettencourt, R., & Lemme, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Naylor, Paul
- Venue
- British Journal of Educational Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 553-576
- ISSN
- 0007-0998 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8279
- OpenAlex
- W1980316240
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 10.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- bullying, definition of bullying, teacher perceptions, student perceptions, social exclusion, power imbalance, gender differences, age differences, bullying victims, bullying intervention, high school students, verbal abuse, physical abuse
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Child, Faculty, Female, Humans, Male, Terminology as Topic, Psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior Disorders, Students, Violence, Observer Variation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
