The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Couples' grief and experience of support in the aftermath of miscarriage
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study involving 39 women and 32 partners was to investigate the grief response of both the woman and her partner to miscarriage and to ascertain if support received was adequate and appropriate to their needs. Previous research shows that partners' grief can often be delayed and chronic. Special emphasis is placed on this area in this study. The miscarriage was found to be a significant event and the majority of women and partners still experienced feelings of loss up to 4 months afterwards, describing their reactions as sad or very sad. Scores on the first administration of the Perinatal Grief Scale showed that, in contrast with previous findings, partners scored significantly higher than the women on the three subscales and overall. Partners' scores on the second administration were also higher than those for the women but the difference was not significant. The women tended to receive and welcome social support more than the partners. Support received from health professionals was not always optimal, particularly for partners. Pregnancy subsequent to miscarriage was often viewed with some anxiety. It is argued that the results of the study have important implications for health practice.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, a smaller number of studies have found similar grief intensity between men and women [24, 25], or even higher levels of grief in men [26].”
From Factors contributing to men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal death: further development of an emerging model in an Australian sample (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“men scored significantly higher than their female partners on the three subscales and overall scores on the Perinatal Grief Scale.”
From The impact of pregnancy loss on men’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“almost all of the quantitative studies [7, 16–18, 23–35, 37, 38] and a smaller number of the qualitative studies [39, 40, 46] primarily included men as part of a heterosexual couple, with men often recruited through their female partners.”
From The impact of pregnancy loss on men’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Many studies made no mention of culture or ethnicity at all [10, 16, 17, 32, 34, 36, 43–45], or included a majority of Caucasian participants or those who spoke English [28, 31].”
From The impact of pregnancy loss on men’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“There were mixed findings in terms of overall scale scores across similar studies looking at grief following miscarriage, with Despair (internalised grief) scores higher in men than those for Active Grief (externalised grief) in two studies [87, 95], and lower in the remaining two [91, 96].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“Importantly, however, some studies noted that the use of existing grief measures (including the PGS and RIMS) might not be valid for measuring men’s grief experiences, particularly in relation to potential differences between internal versus external grieving styles [23, 84, 89, 95].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“Average total grief scores for men in studies using the PGS varied from 36 [93] to 133.19 [95] from a possible range of 33 to 165.”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“The remaining quantitative studies including age as a predictor did not find a significant association [24, 93, 95], and qualitative studies did not specifically explore or discuss the impact of age on grief.”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“Although inconsistencies concerning grief between quantitative and qualitative studies highlight the varied nature of men’s experiences, some authors have questioned the ecological validity of current grief measures [23, 84, 89, 95].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“This reflects outward expressions of grief and emotions, which men often display less frequently than women [25, 91, 95, 96], and may indicate a selection bias in qualitative studies toward men with more extreme grief responses.”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“As such, some of the items and subscales have been criticised for measuring more traditionally ‘feminine’ (or intuitive) expressions of grief, which may under-recognise more ‘masculine’ (or instrumental) expressions and responses.”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychological morbidity following miscarriage
Lok, I. H., & Neugebauer, R. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.11.007 · Cited by 302
Grief Following Miscarriage: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Brier, N. (2008) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0505 · Cited by 287
“67 Thus, the overall trend of these findings supports the commonsense expectation that a woman’s grief is relatively more intense than a man’s following a miscarriage because she carried the pregnancy biologically, has a greater psychological attachment as a result, and, therefore, experiences the…”
Obst, K. L., Due, C., Oxlad, M., & Middleton, P. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2677-9 · Cited by 222
Social and Professional Support Needs of Families After Perinatal Loss
Hutti, M. H. (2005) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1177/0884217505279998 · Cited by 156
Expectant care versus surgical treatment for miscarriage
Nanda, K., Lopez, L. M., Grimes, D. A., Peloggia, A., & Nanda, G. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003518.pub3 · Cited by 151
The impact of pregnancy loss on men’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review
Due, C., Chiarolli, S., & Riggs, D. W. (2017) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1560-9 · Cited by 140
“Also supporting this were the results of Conway and Russell’s [16] mixed methods study, where men scored significantly higher than their female partners on the three subscales and overall scores on the Perinatal Grief Scale.”
BackgroundResultBellhouse, C., Temple-Smith, M. J., & Bilardi, J. (2018) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-018-0672-3 · Cited by 138
Swanson, K. M., Chen, H.-T., Graham, J. C., Wojnar, D. M., & Petras, A. (2009) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1202 · Cited by 131
“Consistent with prior reports, 5,21,29,63 we found that men and women responded differently to miscarriage.”
The Scope and Impact of Perinatal Loss: Current Status and Future Directions.
Bennett, S. M., Litz, B. T., Lee, B. S., & Maguen, S. (2005) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.2.180 · Cited by 115
Bellhouse, C., Temple-Smith, M. J., Watson, S., & Bilardi, J. (2018) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.06.006 · Cited by 94
An exploratory study of the psychological impact and clinical care of perinatal loss
Bennett, S. M., Litz, B. T., Maguen, S., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2008) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020802171268 · Cited by 91
“For some women, having another child significantly improves the trajectory of mental health symptoms associated with perinatal loss (Conway & Russell, 2000 ; Swanson, 1999 ).”
Backgroundvan den Berg, M. M. J., Dancet, E. A. F., Erlikh, T., van der Veen, F., Goddijn, M., & Hajenius, P. J. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx030 · Cited by 90
Perinatal bereavement: a principle-based concept analysis
Fenstermacher, K., & Hupcey, J. E. (2013) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12119 · Cited by 79
“• Gender - Men and women grieve differently following perinatal loss (Conway & Russell 2000, Armstrong 2001, DiMarco et al. 2001, Franche 2001, O’Leary & Thorwick 2006).”
BackgroundMen and Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Williams, H. M., Topping, A., Coomarasamy, A., & Jones, L. L. (2020) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319870270 · Cited by 74
“(Conway & Russell, 2000, p. 535) Without such biological justification for their feelings, and as a result of dominant gender paradigms, many men perceived that they were unentitled or less entitled than women to experience or communicate emotions engendered by miscarriage (see also the “Coping…”
BackgroundContexts and evolution of women's responses to miscarriage during the first year after loss
Swanson, K. M., Connor, S., Jolley, S. N., Pettinato, M., & Wang, T.-J. T. (2007) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20175 · Cited by 73
“Similarly, Conway and Russell (2000), in a study of 39 women and 32 of their partners at 1 month after miscarriage, found that 77%ofwomen and 60%of men expected difficulty in their next pregnancy.”
BackgroundGender comparison of psychological reaction after miscarriage—a 1‐year longitudinal study
Kong, G., Chung, T., Lai, B., & Lok, I. (2010) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02653.x · Cited by 72
Australian men's experiences of support following pregnancy loss: A qualitative study
Obst, K. L., & Due, C. (2019) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.11.013 · Cited by 71
Miller, E. J., Temple-Smith, M. J., & Bilardi, J. E. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217395 · Cited by 71
“While some studies have reported men describing helpful support from family and friends [10, 22, 25, 26], others have reported men feeling ignored by their community (21) or that they had few people who they felt they could share their grief with [26, 27].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMethods for managing miscarriage: a network meta-analysis
Ghosh, J., Papadopoulou, A., Devall, A., Jeffery, H. C., Beeson, L. E., Do, V., Price, M. J., Tobı́as, A., Tunçalp, Ö., Lavelanet, A. F., et al. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012602.pub2 · Cited by 74
Swanson, K. M., Karmali, Z. A., Powell, S. H., & Pulvermakher, F. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000079381.58810.84 · Cited by 65
Farren, J. A., Jalmbrant, M., Falconieri, N., Mitchell‐Jones, N., Bobdiwala, S., Al‐Memar, M., Tapp, S., CALSTER, B. V., Wynants, L., Timmerman, D., et al. (2020) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.23147 · Cited by 61
“82 Moderate/severe depression 2 (2) 4 (5) 1 (1) 15 (10) 11 (8) 8 (7) Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale Respondents 107 83 70 144 129 108 Score 7.”
Obst, K. L., Oxlad, M., Due, C., & Middleton, P. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03514-6 · Cited by 61
Stratton, K., & Lloyd, L. (2008) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2007.00806.x · Cited by 58
Counseling women with early pregnancy failure: Utilizing evidence, preserving preference
Wallace, R., Goodman, S., Freedman, L. R., Dalton, V. K., & Harris, L. H. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.031 · Cited by 55
“Some strategies for counseling patients surrounding the grief and distress with pregnancy loss have been offered previously [22,44,56], but a structured approach to decision-making is not present in the literature.”
BackgroundMergl, R., Quaatz, S. M., Edeler, L.-M., & Allgaier, A. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2108578 · Cited by 53
“…availability statement The data presented in this systematic review can be found in the included studies (Black et al., 2021; Burgoine et al., 2005; Conway & Russell, 2000; Das et al., 2021; De Montigny et al., 2017; Gozuyesil et al., 2022; Güçlü et al., 2021; Hanschmidt et al., 2018; Johnson &…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialExpectant care versus surgical treatment for miscarriage
Nanda, K., Lopez, L. M., Grimes, D. A., Peloggia, A., & Nanda, G. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003518.pub2 · Cited by 50
Anxiety associated with diagnostic uncertainty in early pregnancy
Richardson, A., Raine‐Fenning, N., Deb, S., Campbell, B. K., & Vedhara, K. (2016) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.17214 · Cited by 52
“A cc ep te d A rti cl e Whilst there is an abundance of evidence in the literature regarding the psychological sequelae following miscarriage (6-11) and, to a lesser extent, EP (12), very little is known about how uncertain diagnoses in early pregnancy affect women.”
BackgroundThe psychological and social consequences of miscarriage
van den Akker, O. B. (2011) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/eog.11.14 · Cited by 56
Exploring societal-level privacy rules for talking about miscarriage
Bute, J. J., Brann, M., & Hernandez, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517731828 · Cited by 49
“Conway and Russell (2000) found that couples’ patterns of talk about miscarriage can change over time such that some people reported talking less frequently in the two to four months following a loss.”
BackgroundDuelo perinatal: un secreto dentro de un misterio
de Madinabeitia, A. P. L. G. (2011) · Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría · doi:10.4321/s0211-57352011000100005 · Cited by 48
McSpedden, M., Mullan, B., Sharpe, L., Breen, L. J., & Lobb, E. A. (2017) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2016.1210696 · Cited by 44
Harris, D. L., & Daniluk, J. C. (2009) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep445 · Cited by 42
“Consistent with this finding and with the literature (Daniluk, 1991, 1997; Gilbert and Smart, 1992; Hutti, 1992; Epstein and Rosenberg, 1997; Conway and Graeme, 2000; Lang et al., 2003; Newton, 2006) ‘it is important in clinical practice that male partners are invited to participate in all aspects of medical treatment…”
ResultRowlands, I. J., & Lee, C. (2010) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500903440239 · Cited by 41
“…financial difficulties), either during pregnancy or in the year prior to the miscarriage, are associated with more psychological distress (Warsop, Ismail, & Iliffe, 2004), depression (Beutel et al., 1995; Broen, Moum, Bodtker, & Ekeberg, 2006) and grief after miscarriage (Conway & Russell, 2000).”
BackgroundMen's lived experiences of perinatal loss: A review of the literature
Nguyen, V., Temple‐Smith, M., & Bilardi, J. (2019) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.13041 · Cited by 41
Setúbal, M. S. V., Bolibio, R., Jesus, R. C. D. A., Benute, G. R. G., Gibelli, M. A. B. C., do Nascimento, N. B., Barbosa, T. V. A., Gomes, A., de Figueiredo, F. P., Ferreira, R., et al. (2020) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951520000826 · Cited by 41
“According to five studies, the more recent the loss, higher the grief (Harrigan et al., 1993; Conway and Russell, 2000; Barr, 2006, 2012; Cowchock et al., 2011; Cope et al., 2015).”
BackgroundRiggs, D. W., Due, C., & Tape, N. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222818819339 · Cited by 39
“An exception to this is research by Conway and Russell (2000), who found that the men in their study typically found speaking with their partner or friends about pregnancy loss helpful, though overall male participants were more ambivalent about the value of support as compared with the female…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialvan den Berg, M. M. J., Vissenberg, R., & Goddijn, M. (2013) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2013.10.010 · Cited by 37
Surgical management of early pregnancy failure: history, politics, and safe, cost-effective care
Harris, L. H., Dalton, V. K., & Johnson, T. R. B. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.013 · Cited by 36
Shrouds of silence: three women’s stories of prenatal loss
St John, A., Cooke, M., & Goopy, S. (2006) · Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.37464/2006.233.1929 · Cited by 34
“Approximately one in five pregnancies end prematurely, with figures in Australia being similar to those of the United Kingdom and the United States of America (Boyce et al 2002; Conway & Russell 2000; Lee & Slade 1998; Beutal et al 1995).”
BackgroundQuality of Life in Women Undergoing Medical Treatment for Early Pregnancy Failure
Nansel, T. R., Doyle, F., Frederick, M., & Zhang, J. (2005) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1177/0884217505278319 · Cited by 31
Obst, K. L., & Due, C. (2021) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2019.1688430 · Cited by 31
“Consistent with mixed findings on men’s grief in previous literature (e.g., Kong et al., 2010; Rinehart & Kiselica, 2010; Obst & Due, 2019; Puddifoot & Johnson, 1997; Conway & Russell, 2000), participants emphasized the need to work with bereaved men on a case-by-case basis.”
ResultA relational turbulence theory perspective on women’s grief following miscarriage
Tian, X., & Solomon, D. H. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520910792 · Cited by 30
“Following a miscarriage, bereaved mothers may be shielded from exposure to household stressors by a partner who works quietly behind the scenes (Conway & Russell, 2000).”
BackgroundBilardi, J. E., Sharp, G., Payne, S., & Temple-Smith, M. J. (2021) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.06.011 · Cited by 29
Women's Decision Making and Experience of Subsequent Pregnancy Following Stillbirth
Lee, L., McKenzie‐McHarg, K., & Horsch, A. (2013) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12011 · Cited by 25
Harty, T., Trench, M., Keegan, O., O'Donoghue, K., & Nuzum, D. (2022) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13452 · Cited by 24
“However, in keeping with the findings of previous research completed in this area, the men in this study expressed some negative opinions with regard to service provision.(32,37,40,41) The men reported a deficiency in the timely provision of supportive information, a lack of appreciation of their role as a father who…”
ResultPregnancy loss: a major life event affecting emotional health and well‐being
Boyce, P. M., Condon, J. T., & Ellwood, D. A. (2002) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04399.x · Cited by 24
Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Women Following Perinatal Loss
Adeyemi, A., Mosaku, Ajenifuja, O., Fatoye, Makinde, & Ola (2008) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31548-0 · Cited by 25
Holman, A., & Horstman, H. K. (2019) · Journal of Family Communication · doi:10.1080/15267431.2019.1628763 · Cited by 23
“…miscarriage is often viewed as a minor health issue where women make a full physical recovery and quickly re-enter society with little bereavement (Conway & Russell, 2000), in recent years, miscarriage has been more accepted as a significant loss impacting both women’s and men’s well-being…”
BackgroundPregnancy decisions after fetal or perinatal death: systematic review of qualitative research
Dyer, E., Bell, R., Graham, R. H., & Rankin, J. M. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029930 · Cited by 23
Ambiguous Loss: A Phenomenological Exploration of Women Seeking Support Following Miscarriage
McGee, K., PettyJohn, M. E., & Gallus, K. L. S. (2018) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2018.1484625 · Cited by 23
Comparing posttraumatic growth in mothers after stillbirth or early miscarriage
Ryninks, K., Wilkinson‐Tough, M., Stacey, S., & Horsch, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271314 · Cited by 21
“Although the majority of mothers adjust and regain a sense of purpose, 15–25% seek additional support for enduring adjustment difficulties in the year after their loss [3,24], with symptoms of depression, anxiety [25], post-traumatic stress [12,16] and affective disturbance in subsequent pregnancy [26–28] identified f…”
BackgroundCommunication Privacy Management and Pregnancy Loss in Interpersonal Workplace Communication
Steimel, S. J. (2021) · Women s Studies in Communication · doi:10.1080/07491409.2020.1843579 · Cited by 19
“Women who experience pregnancy loss often turn to their social networks for support (Conway & Russell, 2000), and communication disclosures after pregnancy loss can (though certainly not always) facilitate sensemaking, well-being, and social support (Andalibi & Forte, 2018; Horstman & Holman, 2018).”
BackgroundL’impact psychologique de la fausse couche : revue de travaux
Séjourné, N., Callahan, S., & Chabrol, H. (2008) · Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction. Supplément/Journal de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jgyn.2008.04.005 · Cited by 18
Wendołowska, A. M., Kiełek-Rataj, E., Kalus, A. M., & Czyżowska, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19041970 · Cited by 19
“However, there are also studies that show that the level of sadness experienced by men may be higher than for women [71,73].”
BackgroundCore Outcome Sets in Miscarriage Trials (COSMisT) study: a study protocol
Smith, P., Cooper, N. A. M., Dhillon‐Smith, R. K., O’Toole, E., Clark, T. J., & Coomarasamy, A. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018535 · Cited by 16
Predicting Comforting Quality in the Context of Miscarriage
MacGeorge, E. L., & Wilkum, K. (2012) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2012.719463 · Cited by 14
“In the current study, we examined factors that bereaved parents have offered as explanations for the quality of support they received (Conway & Russell, 2000; Gerber-Epstein, Leichtentritt, & Benyamini, 2008; Hutti, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialGrieving after early pregnancy loss--a common reality.
Purandare, N., Ryan, G., Ciprike, V., Trevisan, J., Sheehan, J., & Geary, M. P. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 12
Relationship of prior custody loss to maternal–fetal bonding in a subsequent pregnancy
Lewis, M. W. (2006) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2005.11.011 · Cited by 11
“A Silent Battle”: Using a Feminist Approach to Support Couples after Miscarriage
Hiefner, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Feminist Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/08952833.2020.1793563 · Cited by 11
“…that only a minority of mothers and even fewer fathers are asked by healthcare providers about how they are coping with the miscarriage, resulting in a general perception of support from these providers as less than optimal (Bellhouse et al., 2019; Conway & Russell, 2000; Lang et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSilverio, S. A., George-Carey, R., Memtsa, M., Kent-Nye, F. E., Magee, L. A., Sheen, K. S., Burgess, K., Oza, M., Storey, C., Sandall, J., et al. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06721-7 · Cited by 7
“It has previously been reported, partners of bereaved women have a different psychological response to the pregnancy loss [15, 61–64].”
BackgroundHealth care support following miscarriage in Australia: a qualitative study. How can we do better?
Yu, A. Y., Temple-Smith, M. J., & Bilardi, J. (2022) · Australian Journal of Primary Health · doi:10.1071/py21090 · Cited by 10
Methods for managing miscarriage: a network meta-analysis
Gallos, I. D., Williams, H., Price, M. J., Eapen, A. K., Eyo, M. M., Tobı́as, A., Deeks, J. J., Tunçalp, Ö., Gülmezoglu, A. M., & Coomarasamy, A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012602 · Cited by 7
The Unfortunate Sufferer: Discursive Dynamics around Pregnancy Loss in Cameroon
van der Sijpt, E. (2013) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2013.828286 · Cited by 7
“…anthropologists have stressed the emotional suffering experienced by women (and their partners) who unintentionally lose a pregnancy (Bansen and Stevens 1992; Brier 2008; Conway and Russell 2000; Frost and Condon 1996; Jones 2001; Layne 2000, 2003, 2006; Letherby 1993; Puddifoot and Johnson 1997).”
Nazaré, B., Fonseca, A., & Canavarro, M. C. (2012) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2012.693154 · Cited by 7
“…between partners (Kenny et al., 2006), as noticing the partner’s reaction to the loss can not only trigger similar reactions in oneself, but also generate distress due to the perceived inability to prevent the partner’s suffering (Beutel et al., 1996; Conway & Russell, 2000; Schwab, 1992).”
BackgroundMoscrop, A., Harrison, S., Heppell, V., Heneghan, C. J., & Ward, A. M. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002595 · Cited by 7
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Threatened Miscarriage: Advantages and Risks
Lu, L., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Ma, H., & Hu, M. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/5589116 · Cited by 7
“Additionally, psychological distress can impact the fetus and result in preterm birth or low birth weight, and it can result in longterm consequences for the child such as deficits in cognitive functioning and an increase in negative behavior [227, 228].”
BackgroundCorrelates of miscarriage among young women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health
Rowlands, I. J., & Lee, C. (2008) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830701806313 · Cited by 7
“Families appear to be reluctant to talk openly about miscarriage (Cecil, 1994), and most cultures do not formally grieve miscarriage through rites and rituals (Conway & Russell, 2000).”
BackgroundBreaking the Silence: Men's Experience of Miscarriage. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
McGarva-Collins, S., Summers, S. J., & Caygill, L. (2022) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/10541373221133003 · Cited by 7
Horstman, H. K., Holman, A., & Johnsen, L. J. (2021) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2021.1919918 · Cited by 6
“Second, as with many dyadic stressors, men’s ability to cope with miscarriage likely depends on their partner’s reaction to the loss (Conway & Russell, 2000; Horstman & Holman, 2018; Swanson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundThe experience of men following stillbirth: the case of Israeli bereaved fathers
Chodik, N. G., & Baum, N. (2023) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2023.2237541 · Cited by 7
“Most (Conway & Russell, 2000) studies on couples after stillbirth reported a greater level of distress among women compared to men, who showed a tendency towards a faster recovery (Abboud & Liamputtong, 2003; Kong et al., 2010; S. Murphy et al., 2014; Rinehart & Kiselica, 2010).”
Klinitzke, G., Dölemeyer, R., Steinig, J., Wagner, B., & Kersting, A. (2013) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000354908 · Cited by 6
“…Austausch und Erlernen von Bewältigungsstrategien sind für die Trauerarbeit vielfach als hilfreich wahrgenommen und somit als Schutz vor längerfristig bestehender verlustbezogener Psychopathologie beschrieben worden [Forrest et al., 1982; Conway and Russell, 2000; Cote-Arsenault and Freije, 2004].”
BackgroundGrief, Partner Support, Posttraumatic Growth among Women with Pregnancy Loss in Korea
Yoon, M., Jeon, Y.-B., & Lee, S. (2022) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2022.2106682 · Cited by 5
“…abortion experiences (Toffol et al., 2013), length of time that has passed after the abortion, age of gestation at the time of abortion (Broen et al., 2005), marital status (Conway & Russell, 2000), history of mental illness (Rowlands & Lee, 2010), and level of education (Engelhard et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe psychological interpretationof clinical pathology in pregnancy:a continuity hypothesis
Justo, J. M. R. D. M. (2002) · Revista Portuguesa de Psicossomática · Cited by 5
Lockton, J., Oxlad, M., & Due, C. (2020) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.10.006 · Cited by 5
Białek, K. I., Sadowski, M., Adamczyk-Gruszka, O. K., Młodawski, J., & Świercz, G. (2023) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gpl.96215 · Cited by 4
Karali, H. F., Farhad, E. S., Poh, D. C. S. C., Wen, P. Y., Parveena, S., Siong, T. J., & Zaigham, M. T. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i6a.1057 · Cited by 5
“Conway and Russel (2000).”
BackgroundTrauma Associated with Perinatal Events: Birth Experience, Prematurity, and Childbearing Loss
Bergeron, L. R. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203955154-10 · Cited by 4
“The second study assessed 264 women who had unassisted vaginal births at 72 hours and six weeks postpartum (Czarnocka & Slade, 2000).”
BackgroundResults of Group Psychotherapy for Abuse, Neglect and Pregnancy Loss
Ney, P. G., Ball, K., & Sheils, C. (2010) · Current Women s Health Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340410793362177 · Cited by 4
“com loss [2, 3].”
Psychological distress following miscarriage and stillbirth
Kerns, D., & Geller, P. A. (2009) · iDEA - Drexel University Institutional Repository · doi:10.17918/etd-3070 · Cited by 6
Hurricane-Force Grief: A Mirror of Fathers’ Love
Denhup, C. (2024) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228241260979 · Cited by 3
“Other studies indicate fathers ’ grief persists longer (McNeil et al., 2021; Pohlkamp et al., 2019; Youngblut et al., 2017), increases in intensity over time (Ljungman et al., 2015; Pohlkamp et al., 2019), and is of a higher intensity in comparison to mothers (Conway & Russell, 2000).”
Kersting, A., & Nagl, M. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118981559.ch31 · Cited by 3
Expectant care versus surgical treatment for miscarriage
Nanda, K., Peloggia, A., Nanda, G., & Grimes, D. A. (2002) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003518 · Cited by 3
Lived Experience of Miscarriage From Men's Perspective
Kalantari, S., & Abdekhodaie, Z. (2025) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807251349844 · Cited by 3
Modifikation von Risikofaktoren für frühe Fehlgeburten
Goeckenjan, M. (2018) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-018-4223-7 · Cited by 2
“Auch die psychische Belastungen des Vaters bei Fehlgeburtendürfennicht vergessen werden [5].”
BackgroundF, K. H., S, F. E., T, Z. M., Poh, D. C. S. C., Wen, P. Y., Parveena, S., & Siong, T. J. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i6a.1053 · Cited by 2
“3 Conway and Russell (2000) [7] EmBase Ovid Medline (R) without Revisions Qualitative 39 women and 32 partners Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) Australia”
BackgroundProphylactic antibiotics for uterine evacuation procedures to treat miscarriage
Ahmed, S. I., Ammerdorffer, A., Moakes, C. A., Cheshire, J., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Coomarasamy, A., Lissauer, D. M., & Wilson, A. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014844 · Cited by 2
EFEITOS DA SATISFAÇÃO CONJUGAL E DA UTILIDADE DE RITUAIS NA VIVÊNCIA DO LUTO NO ABORTAMENTO
de Oliveira, C. M., Silva, A. D., Costa, M. E., Martins, M. V., & Ramalho, C. M. A. (2022) · Cogitare Enfermagem · doi:10.5380/ce.v27i0.82691 · Cited by 1
Rafi, J., Muppala, H., & Sayasenah, A. (2007) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443610701469446 · Cited by 1
“(Conway and Russel 2000) The parents wish to have staff who are empathic, caring and sensitive to individual responses, behaviour and choices (The Family-centered Maternity and Newborn Care: National Guidelines 2006).”
BackgroundStigmatizing Responses to Chrissy Teigen’s Pregnancy Loss Disclosure on Twitter
Schneider, A., & Kosenko, K. A. (2021) · Health & New Media Research · doi:10.22720/hnmr.2021.5.2.147 · Cited by 1
Carmack, H. J., & DeGroot, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2023.2267428 · Cited by 1
“Unfortunately, the ambiguity and uncertainty about how to offer social support after a miscarriage has resulted in women receiving unsupportive or LPC messages (Conway & Russell, 2000; Gao et al., 2020; Rowland & Lee, 2010).”
BackgroundGender differences in attitudes to prenatal testing.
Deeks, E. (2003) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
Elfer, A. (2017) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Slade, P. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543579.113
Psychological outcomes of those experiencing early pregnancy loss
Bendavid, J. (2019) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Ortiz-Aparicio, F., Rodríguez-Gómez, J., & González-Viruet, M. (2020) · Social Behavior Research and Practice - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/sbrpoj-5-127
GESTATIONAL LOSS: EMOTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Galvão, G. M. M., Morsch, D. S., Tavares, E. C., & Bouzada, M. C. F. (2021) · American International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences · doi:10.46545/aijhass.v3i1.216
“The father of the child has been described as an essential figure (Conway; Russell, 2000).”
Backgroundvan den Akker, O. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119968382.ch13
Lammers, S. E. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Christianity Online · doi:10.1163/2211-2685_eco_r.54
Metadata
- Authors
- Conway, K., & Russell, G.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Conway, Kim
- Venue
- British Journal of Medical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 531-545
- ISSN
- 0007-1129 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2162027715
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Medical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- miscarriage, perinatal grief, couples, social support, Perinatal Grief Scale, health worker support, bereavement
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Adult, Anxiety, Female, Grief, Health Personnel, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Pregnancy, Sex Factors, Social Support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
