Preliminary findings on the experiences of care for women who suffered early pregnancy losses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Women who suffer an early pregnancy loss require specific clinical care, aftercare, and ongoing support. In the UK, the clinical management of early pregnancy complications, including loss is provided mainly through specialist Early Pregnancy Assessment Units. The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed the way in which maternity and gynaecological care was delivered, as health systems moved to rapidly reconfigure and re-organise services, aiming to reduce the risk and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PUDDLES is an international collaboration investigating the pandemic's impact on care for people who suffered a perinatal bereavement. Presented here are initial qualitative findings undertaken with UK-based women who suffered early pregnancy losses during the pandemic, about how they navigated the healthcare system and its restrictions, and how they were supported. METHODS: In-keeping with a qualitative research design, in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with an opportunity sample of women (N = 32) who suffered any early pregnancy loss during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed using a template analysis to understand women's access to services, care, and networks of support, during the pandemic following their pregnancy loss. The thematic template was based on findings from parents who had suffered a late-miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal death in the UK, during the pandemic. RESULTS: All women had experienced reconfigured maternity and early pregnancy services. Data supported themes of: 1) COVID-19 Restrictions as Impractical & Impersonal; 2) Alone, with Only Staff to Support Them; 3) Reduction in Service Provision Leading to Perceived Devaluation in Care; and 4) Seeking Their Own Support. Results suggest access to early pregnancy loss services was reduced and pandemic-related restrictions were often impractical (i.e., restrictions added to burden of accessing or receiving care). Women often reported being isolated and, concerningly, aspects of early pregnancy loss services were reported as sub-optimal. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide important insight for the recovery and rebuilding of health services in the post-pandemic period and help us prepare for providing a higher standard of care in the future and through any other health system shocks. Conclusions made can inform future policy and planning to ensure best possible support for women who experience early pregnancy loss.
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Major changes in healthcare services, such as cancellation of appointments and exams, and restrictions on contact with the baby after death, further intensified women's suffering during the pandemic.
“Major changes in healthcare services, such as the cancellation of appointments and exams (56), and restrictions on contact with the baby after death, further intensified women’s suffering during this period (57, 58).”
From Experiences and long-term repercussions of perinatal grief in women after perinatal bereavement: a meta-ethnography (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
The Results (‘Impracticality of COVID-19 restrictions’; page unavailable) report that pandemic restrictions made care after early pregnancy loss more emotionally difficult. The paper discusses separation from partners and support networks, but does not report restrictions on contact with a baby after death. Cancellation of appointments and exams is attached to a different citation in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Silverio, S. A., George-Carey, R., Memtsa, M., Kent-Nye, F. E., Magee, L. A., Sheen, K. S., Burgess, K., Oza, M., Storey, C., Sandall, J., The PUDDLES UK Collaboration, Sampson, A., Haddad, L., Payne, E., Sambrook, L., Goodhart, V., Easter, A., von Dadelszen, P., & Jurković, D.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of the West of England (GB)
- The Ectopic Pregnancy Trust (GB)
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Silverio, Sergio A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Published
- 2024-08-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 522-522
- ISSN
- 1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11312198
- OpenAlex
- W4401463312
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR‐INF‐2170)
- Department of Health and Social Care
- King's College London
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South London (NIHR-INF-2170)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- early pregnancy loss, miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death, perinatal bereavement, COVID-19 pandemic, health care access, women's experiences of care, social isolation, social support networks
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Bereavement, Female, United Kingdom, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Maternal Health Services, Pregnancy, Qualitative Research, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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