Ultrafast quantum random number generation based on quantum phase fluctuations
Open accessAbstract
A quantum random number generator (QRNG) can generate true randomness by exploiting the fundamental indeterminism of quantum mechanics. Most approaches to QRNG employ single-photon detection technologies and are limited in speed. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast QRNG at a rate over 6 Gbits/s based on the quantum phase fluctuations of a laser operating near threshold. Moreover, we consider a potential adversary who has partial knowledge on the raw data and discuss how one can rigorously remove such partial knowledge with postprocessing. We quantify the quantum randomness through min-entropy by modeling our system and employ two randomness extractors--Trevisan's extractor and Toeplitz-hashing--to distill the randomness, which is information-theoretically provable. The simplicity and high-speed of our experimental setup show the feasibility of a robust, low-cost, high-speed QRNG.
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To overcome the bandwidth limitation of shot noise-limited homodyne detection, researchers have developed QRNGs based on measuring phase or intensity noise of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), which is quantum mechanical by nature.
“To overcome the bandwidth limitation of shot noise-limited homodyne detection, researchers have developed QRNGs based on measuring phase 40 -45 or intensity noise 46,47 of ampli fi ed spontaneous emission(ASE), which is quantum mechanical by nature. 15,48,49”
From Quantum random number generation (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Xu, F., Qi, B., Ma, X., Xu, H., Zheng, H., & Lo, H.-K.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2012-05-16
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 12366
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017636475
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Keywords
- quantum random number generation, quantum phase fluctuations, min-entropy, randomness extractors, post-processing, true randomness
- MeSH terms
- Lasers, Mathematics, Quantum Theory, Random Allocation
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