tRNAs promote nuclear import of HIV-1 intracellular reverse transcription complexes
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Infection of non-dividing cells is a biological property of HIV-1 crucial for virus transmission and AIDS pathogenesis. This property depends on nuclear import of the intracellular reverse transcription and pre-integration complexes (RTCs/PICs). To identify cellular factors involved in nuclear import of HIV-1 RTCs, cytosolic extracts were fractionated by chromatography and import activity examined by the nuclear import assay. A near-homogeneous fraction was obtained, which was active in inducing nuclear import of purified and labeled RTCs. The active fraction contained tRNAs, mostly with defective 3' CCA ends. Such tRNAs promoted HIV-1 RTC nuclear import when synthesized in vitro. Active tRNAs were incorporated into and recovered from virus particles. Mutational analyses indicated that the anticodon loop mediated binding to the viral complex whereas the T-arm may interact with cellular factors involved in nuclear import. These tRNA species efficiently accumulated into the nucleus on their own in a energy- and temperature-dependent way. An HIV-1 mutant containing MLV gag did not incorporate tRNA species capable of inducing HIV-1 RTC nuclear import and failed to infect cell cycle-arrested cells. Here we provide evidence that at least some tRNA species can be imported into the nucleus of human cells and promote HIV-1 nuclear import.
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Truncated tRNA species have been reported to promote the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex.
“Truncated tRNA species have been reported to promote the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex (119).”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [119]
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- Authors
- Zaitseva, L., Myers, R., & Fassati, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fassati, Ariberto
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2006-10-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e332
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC1584419
- OpenAlex
- W2048324943
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- HIV-1, tRNA, nuclear import, preintegration complex, anticodon loop, cell cycle arrest, non-dividing cells, cellular factors
- MeSH terms
- Anticodon, Cell Nucleus, Cells, Cultured, DNA, Viral, Humans, RNA, Transfer, HIV-1, Gene Products, gag, Jurkat Cells, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, RNA, Small Interfering, Reverse Transcription, HIV Reverse Transcriptase
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