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Cited by 53Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchCellular transport and secretionNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study

Quantifying the effects of elastic collisions and non-covalent binding on glutamate receptor trafficking in the post-synaptic density

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Santamaria, Fidel, Gonzalez, Jossina, Augustine, George J., Raghavachari, Sridhar·2010·PLoS Computational Biology
DOI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000780PMC PMC2869312
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Abstract

One mechanism of information storage in neurons is believed to be determined by the strength of synaptic contacts. The strength of an excitatory synapse is partially due to the concentration of a particular type of ionotropic glutamate receptor (AMPAR) in the post-synaptic density (PSD). AMPAR concentration in the PSD has to be plastic, to allow the storage of new memories; but it also has to be stable to preserve important information. Although much is known about the molecular identity of synapses, the biophysical mechanisms by which AMPAR can enter, leave and remain in the synapse are unclear. We used Monte Carlo simulations to determine the influence of PSD structure and activity in maintaining homeostatic concentrations of AMPARs in the synapse. We found that, the high concentration and excluded volume caused by PSD molecules result in molecular crowding. Diffusion of AMPAR in the PSD under such conditions is anomalous. Anomalous diffusion of AMPAR results in retention of these receptors inside the PSD for periods ranging from minutes to several hours in the absence of strong binding of receptors to PSD molecules. Trapping of receptors in the PSD by crowding effects was very sensitive to the concentration of PSD molecules, showing a switch-like behavior for retention of receptors. Non-covalent binding of AMPAR to anchored PSD molecules allowed the synapse to become well-mixed, resulting in normal diffusion of AMPAR. Binding also allowed the exchange of receptors in and out of the PSD. We propose that molecular crowding is an important biophysical mechanism to maintain homeostatic synaptic concentrations of AMPARs in the PSD without the need of energetically expensive biochemical reactions. In this context, binding of AMPAR with PSD molecules could collaborate with crowding to maintain synaptic homeostasis but could also allow synaptic plasticity by increasing the exchange of these receptors with the surrounding extra-synaptic membrane.

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  • The high density of proteins in the synapse may reduce diffusion rates of all membrane-bound proteins including glutamate receptors due to crowding.

    “Additionally, the high density of proteins in the synapse may reduce diffusion rates of all membrane-bound proteins including glutamate receptors due to crowding (Santamaria et al., 2010).”

    From Barriers in the brain: resolving dendritic spine morphology and compartmentalization (2014) · cites this paper as Santamaria et al., 2010

    The Introduction describes the PSD as a crowded environment, and the Results report that AMPAR diffusion can be severely hampered by molecular crowding. The paper does not establish reduced diffusion rates for all membrane-bound proteins; the Discussion notes that NCAM can show normal or anomalous diffusion depending on its variant. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Crowding significantly decreases the in-plane mobility of proteins.

    “Crowding itself is known to significantly decrease the in-plane mobility of proteins (Santamaria et al., 2010).”

    From Barriers in the brain: resolving dendritic spine morphology and compartmentalization (2014) · cites this paper as Santamaria et al., 2010

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Authors
Santamaria, F., Gonzalez, J., Augustine, G. J., & Raghavachari, S.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
  • Duke Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Raghavachari, Sridhar
ORCID
Augustine, George J.
Venue
PLoS Computational Biology
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2010-05-13
Volume
6
Issue
5
Pages
e1000780
ISSN
  • 1553-734X (ISSN-L)
  • 1553-7358
DOI
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000780
PMC
PMC2869312
OpenAlex
W1985271644
Cited by
53
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS Computational Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (0932339)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027807)
  • National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (G12MD007591)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Keywords
AMPA receptor trafficking, postsynaptic density, macromolecular crowding, anomalous diffusion, non-covalent binding, synaptic homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, Monte Carlo simulation, excluded volume, excitatory synapses
MeSH terms
Computer Simulation, Models, Neurological, Monte Carlo Method, Protein Binding, Synaptic Membranes, Receptors, Glutamate, Protein Transport

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