Risk Stratification by Self-Measured Home Blood Pressure across Categories of Conventional Blood Pressure: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010 reported that hypertension is worldwide the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing 9.4 million deaths annually. We examined to what extent self-measurement of home blood pressure (HBP) refines risk stratification across increasing categories of conventional blood pressure (CBP). METHODS AND FINDINGS: This meta-analysis included 5,008 individuals randomly recruited from five populations (56.6% women; mean age, 57.1 y). All were not treated with antihypertensive drugs. In multivariable analyses, hazard ratios (HRs) associated with 10-mm Hg increases in systolic HBP were computed across CBP categories, using the following systolic/diastolic CBP thresholds (in mm Hg): optimal, <120/<80; normal, 120-129/80-84; high-normal, 130-139/85-89; mild hypertension, 140-159/90-99; and severe hypertension, ≥160/≥100. Over 8.3 y, 522 participants died, and 414, 225, and 194 had cardiovascular, cardiac, and cerebrovascular events, respectively. In participants with optimal or normal CBP, HRs for a composite cardiovascular end point associated with a 10-mm Hg higher systolic HBP were 1.28 (1.01-1.62) and 1.22 (1.00-1.49), respectively. At high-normal CBP and in mild hypertension, the HRs were 1.24 (1.03-1.49) and 1.20 (1.06-1.37), respectively, for all cardiovascular events and 1.33 (1.07-1.65) and 1.30 (1.09-1.56), respectively, for stroke. In severe hypertension, the HRs were not significant (p≥0.20). Among people with optimal, normal, and high-normal CBP, 67 (5.0%), 187 (18.4%), and 315 (30.3%), respectively, had masked hypertension (HBP≥130 mm Hg systolic or ≥85 mm Hg diastolic). Compared to true optimal CBP, masked hypertension was associated with a 2.3-fold (1.5-3.5) higher cardiovascular risk. A limitation was few data from low- and middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: HBP substantially refines risk stratification at CBP levels assumed to carry no or only mildly increased risk, in particular in the presence of masked hypertension. Randomized trials could help determine the best use of CBP vs. HBP in guiding BP management. Our study identified a novel indication for HBP, which, in view of its low cost and the increased availability of electronic communication, might be globally applicable, even in remote areas or in low-resource settings.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Out-of-clinic blood pressure measurements (home and ambulatory) are more predictive of target organ damage and mortality than clinic measurements in population cohort studies.
“Out-of-clinic BP measurements (i.e. home and ABP) are recognized to be more predictive of target organ damage and mortality in population cohort studies33, 34”
From Dietary Nitrate Provides Sustained Blood Pressure Lowering in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Phase 2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
Diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension and treatment efficacy is difficult because a single blood pressure measurement in the clinic often does not capture true average BP, BP fluctuates throughout the day based on circadian rhythms and daily activity, and white coat syndrome can lead to higher BP measurements in the clinic.
“Diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension and treatment efficacy is difficult for a few reasons: a single blood pressure (BP) measurement in the clinic often does not capture true average BP, BP fluctuates throughout the day based on circadian rhythms and daily activity, and the ‘white coat syndrome’ can lead to higher BP measurements in the clinic [68-73].”
From Wearables and the Medical Revolution (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,769 · see citing works
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Authors Task Force Members, Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redon, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cífková, R., Backer, G. D., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht151 · Cited by 13,638 · see citing works
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271 · see citing works
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., AlMazroa, M. A., Amann, M., Anderson, H. R., Andrews, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8 · Cited by 11,805 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
Power, D. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593 · Cited by 8,672 · see citing works
Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data
Kearney, P. M., Whelton, M., Reynolds, K., Muntner, P., Whelton, P. K., & He, J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)17741-1 · Cited by 8,578 · see citing works
2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension
Mancia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cífková, R., Fagard, R. H., Germanò, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3281fc975a · Cited by 5,818 · see citing works
Lopez, A. D., Mathers, C. D., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D. T., & Murray, C. J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68770-9 · Cited by 5,630 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s011 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data
(2005) · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70151-3 · Cited by 3,289 · see citing works
2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Mancia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cifkova, R., Fagard, R., Germano, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm236 · Cited by 2,384 · see citing works
Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Sacks, H. S., Berrier, J., Reitman, D., Ancona-Berk, V. A., & Chalmers, T. C. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702193160806 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works
Sega, R., Facchetti, R., Bombelli, M., Cesana, G., Corrao, G., Grassi, G., & Mancia, G. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000160923.04524.5b · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Ohkubo, T., Imai, Y., Tsuji, I., Nagai, K., Kato, J., Kikuchi, N., Nishiyama, A., Aihara, A., Sekino, M., Kikuya, M., et al. (1998) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199816070-00010 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Self-citationMeta-analysis of the literature or of individual patient data: is there a difference?
Stewart, L. A., & Parmar, M. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)93004-k · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Management of hypertension: summary of NICE guidance
Krause, T., Lovibond, K., Caulfield, M., McCormack, T., & Williams, B. (2011) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4891 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Pickering, T., Miller, N., Ogedegbe, G., Krakoff, L., Artinian, N., & Goff, D. (2008) · HYPERTENSION · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.189010 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Niiranen, T. J., Hänninen, M.-R., Johansson, J., Reunanen, A., & Jula, A. M. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.149336 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationHansen, T. W., Kikuya, M., Thijs, L., Björklund‐Bodegârd, K., Kuznetsova, T., Ohkubo, T., Richart, T., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Lind, L., Jeppesen, J., et al. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3281c49da5 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Self-citationSchettini, C. A. F., Bianchi, M., Nieto, F., Sandoya, E., & Senra, H. (1999) · HYPERTENSION · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.4.818 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationPitsavos, C. S., Panagiotakos, D. B., Chrysohoou, C. A., & Stefanadis, C. (2003) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-3-32 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Lovibond, K., Jowett, S., Barton, P., Caulfield, M., Heneghan, C., Hobbs, F. R., Hodgkinson, J., Mant, J., Martin, U., Williams, B., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61184-7 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Staessen, J. A. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.8.955 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationJulius, S. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.264.3.354 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Staessen, J. A. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.278.13.1065 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationAntihypertensive Treatment Based on Conventional or Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement
Staessen, J. A. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550130039034 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationMasked Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Implications for Clinical Practice
Franklin, S. S., Thijs, L., Li, Y., Hansen, T. W., Boggia, J., Liu, Y., Asayama, K., Björklund-Bodegård, K., Ohkubo, T., Jeppesen, J., et al. (2013) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00289 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Association of Borderline Hypertension With Target Organ Changes and Higher Coronary Risk
Julius, S. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450030078036 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Ambulatory blood pressure: normality and comparison with other measurements.
Staessen, J., & O'Brien, E. (1999) · HYPERTENSION · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.e8 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationNiiranen, T. J., Asayama, K., Thijs, L., Johansson, J. K., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., Boggia, J., Hozawa, A., Sandoya, E., Stergiou, G. S., et al. (2013) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00100 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular risk prediction based on home blood pressure measurement: The Didima Study
Stergiou, G. S., Baibas, N., & Kalogeropoulos, P. G. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3281ab6c69 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationDeterminants of masked hypertension in the general population
Hänninen, M.-R. A., Niiranen, T., Puukka, P. J., Mattila, A. K., & Jula, A. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834a98ba · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationOkumiya, K., Matsubayashi, K., Wada, T., Fujisawa, M., Osaki, Y., Doi, Y., Yasuda, N., & Ozawa, T. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01559.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Viera, A. J., Hinderliter, A. L., Kshirsagar, A. V., Fine, J. P., & Dominik, R. (2010) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.158 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Fukunaga, H., Ohkubo, T., Kobayashi, M., Tamaki, Y., Kikuya, M., Obara, T., Nakagawa, M., Hara, A., Asayama, K., Metoki, H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f42285 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationHelis, E., Polec, L. A., Steiner, S., Chen, L., Turton, P., & FODOR, J. G. (2011) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/1741826710389361 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Reproducibility of white-coat and masked hypertension in ambulatory BP monitoring
Ben‐Dov, I. Z., Ben-Arie, L., Mekler, J., & Bursztyn, M. (2006) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.04.088 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Staessen, J. A., Thijs, L., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., Richart, T., Boggia, J., Adiyaman, A., Dechering, D. G., Kuznetsova, T., Thien, T., et al. (2008) · Blood Pressure Monitoring · doi:10.1097/mbp.0b013e3283108f93 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationPrognostic Relevance of Masked Hypertension in Subjects With Prehypertension
Pierdomenico, S. D., Pannarale, G., Rabbia, F., Lapenna, D., Licitra, R., Zito, M., Campanella, M., Gaudio, C., Veglio, F., & Cuccurullo, F. (2008) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.196 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Niu, K., Hozawa, A., Awata, S., Guo, H., KURIYAMA, S., Seki, T., Ohmori‐Matsuda, K., Nakaya, N., Ebihara, S., Wang, Y., et al. (2008) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.31.409 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationCacciolati, C., Tzourio, C., Dufouil, C., Alpérovitch, A., & Hanon, O. (2012) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.121 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationA New Solar-Powered Blood Pressure Measuring Device for Low-Resource Settings
Parati, G., Kilama, M. O., Faini, A., Facelli, E., Ochen, K., Opira, C., Mendis, S., Wang, J., Atkins, N., & O'Brien, E. T. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.160408 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
on behalf of the IDHOCO investigators, Niiranen, T., Thijs, L., Asayama, K., Johansson, J. K., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., Boggia, J. G., Hozawa, A., Sandoya, E., et al. (2012) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2012.97 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationFive-year incidence of hypertension and its determinants: the ATTICA study
Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C., Lentzas, Y., Chrysohoou, C. A., & Stefanadis, C. (2007) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002213 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Raising the pressure on hypertension
Lancet, T. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60780-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Raising the pressure on hypertension
Reaven, G. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61562-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
FEASIBILITY OF HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE ELDERLY
Cacciolati, C., Hanon, O., Alpérovitch, A., Dufouil, C., & Tzourio, C. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-201106001-00458 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Poulter, N. R., Prabhakaran, D., & Caulfield, M. J. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61468-9 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Wearables and the Medical Revolution
Dunn, J., Runge, R., & Snyder, M. (2018) · Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2217/pme-2018-0044 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Kapil, V., Khambata, R. S., Robertson, A., Caulfield, M. J., & Ahluwalia, A. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04675 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2024 revision)
Wang, J. (2025) · 老年心脏病学杂志：英文版 · doi:10.26599/1671-5411.2025.01.008 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Asayama, K., Thijs, L., Li, Y., Gu, Y.-M., Hara, A., Liu, Y.-P., Zhang, Z., Wei, F.-F., Lujambio, I., Mena, L. J., et al. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03614 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationNocturnal blood pressure measured by home devices: evidence and perspective for clinical application
Asayama, K., Fujiwara, T., Hoshide, S., Ohkubo, T., Kario, K., Stergiou, G. S., Parati, G., White, W. B., Weber, M. A., & Imai, Y. (2019) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001987 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationSchwartz, J. E., Muntner, P., Kronish, I. M., Burg, M. M., Pickering, T. G., Bigger, J. T., & Shimbo, D. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.10.039 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring
Casella, G., & MacDonald, T. M. (2015) · European Cardiology Review · doi:10.15420/ecr.2015.10.2.95 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Current Status and New Developments
Kario, K. (2021) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpab017 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Hoshide, S., Yano, Y., Mizuno, H., Kanegae, H., & Kario, K. (2017) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10385 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension in CKD
Agarwal, R., Pappas, M. K., & Sinha, A. D. (2015) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2015030243 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kollias, A., Ntineri, A., & Stergiou, G. S. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001189 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationHome blood pressure monitoring: Australian Expert Consensus Statement
Sharman, J. E., Howes, F. S., Head, G. A., McGrath, B. P., Stowasser, M., Schlaich, M., Glasziou, P., & Nelson, M. R. (2015) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000673 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Franklin, S. S., O'Brien, E. T., Thijs, L., Asayama, K., & Staessen, J. A. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04522 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationBlood Pressure Measurement Anno 2016
Staessen, J. A., Li, Y., Hara, A., Asayama, K., Dolan, E., & O'Brien, E. T. (2017) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpw148 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationBrguljan-Hitij, J., Thijs, L., Li, Y., Hansen, T. W., Boggia, J. G., Liu, Y.-P., Asayama, K., Wei, F., Björklund‐Bodegârd, K., Gu, Y., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, Y., Thijs, L., Zhang, Z., Asayama, K., Hansen, T. W., Boggia, J. G., Björklund‐Bodegârd, K., Yang, W., Niiranen, T., Ntineri, A., et al. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12958 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies for Classifying Patients Based on Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement
Zhang, L., Li, Y., Wei, F., Thijs, L., Kang, Y., Wang, S., Xu, T., Wang, J., & Staessen, J. A. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.05038 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationNarita, K., Hoshide, S., & Kario, K. (2022) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19494 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bonafini, S., & Fava, C. (2015) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2015.1070599 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Schwartz, C., & McManus, R. J. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0502-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Japanese Society of Hypertension Working Group on the COmparison of Self-measured home, A. U. O. A. C. A. O. B. P. (. S., Asayama, K., Ohkubo, T., Rakugi, H., Miyakawa, M., Mori, H., Katsuya, T., Ikehara, Y., Ueda, S., Ohya, Y., et al. (2019) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-019-0287-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationIn-office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement
Asayama, K., Ohkubo, T., & Imai, Y. (2021) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-021-00486-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationVillar, R., Sánchez, R. A., Boggia, J., Peñaherrera, E., Lopez, J., Barroso, W. S., Barbosa, E., Cobos, L., Hernández Hernández, R., Octavio, J. A., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13815 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationNomura, K., Asayama, K., Thijs, L., Niiranen, T. J., Lujambio, I., Boggia, J., Hozawa, A., Ohkubo, T., Hara, A., Johansson, J. K., et al. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03839 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMartini, D., Rossi, S., Biasini, B., Zavaroni, I., Bedogni, G., Musci, M., Pruneti, C. A., Passeri, G., Ventura, M., Nuzzo, S. D., et al. (2017) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.01.008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diurnal blood pressure changes
Asayama, K., Satoh, M., & Kikuya, M. (2018) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-018-0054-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation(2017) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2017.02.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ye, F., Wu, Y. H., Chen, Y., Xiao, D., & Shi, L. (2019) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.058 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hoshide, S., Kario, K., Tomitani, N., Kabutoya, T., Chia, Y. C., Park, S., Shin, J., Turana, Y., Tay, J. C., Buranakitjaroen, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13763 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Asayama, K., Stolarz‐Skrzypek, K., Yang, W., Hansen, T. W., Brguljan-Hitij, J., Odili, A. N., Li, Y., & Staessen, J. A. (2023) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-023-01191-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationOdili, A. N., Thijs, L., Hara, A., Wei, F., Ogedengbe, J. O., Nwegbu, M. M., Aparicio, L. S., Asayama, K., Niiranen, T., Boggia, J. G., et al. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07242 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationTrue Consortium (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2017.1281939 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Daniels, S. R., Cappuccio, F. P., Lisheng, L., Kaczorowski, J. A., Jula, A., Atrey, A., Touyz, R. M., Correa‐Rotter, R., Weber, M. A., Webster, J. L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2017.10 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationWijsman, L. W., Richard, E., Cachucho, R., de Craen, A. J. M., Jongstra, S., & Mooijaart, S. P. (2016) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.5485 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
TRUE Consortium (inTernational consoRtium for qUality resEarch on dietary sodium/salt) (2016) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12948 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Clapham, E., Picone, D. S., Carmichael, S., Stergiou, G. S., Campbell, N. R. C., Stevens, J., Batt, C. M., Schutte, A. E., & Chapman, N. (2024) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23678 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, H., Liang, X., Pan, X., Huang, C., Kuang, J., Lv, W., Zeng, Q., Mai, W., & Huang, Y. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622320933108 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Aparicio, L. S., Huang, Q., Melgarejo, J. D., Wei, D., Thijs, L., Wei, F., Gilis‐Malinowska, N., Sheng, C., Boggia, J. G., Niiranen, T., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpab139 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationBlood pressure targets for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes
Aronow, W. S., & Shamliyan, T. (2018) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2018.04.36 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Aparicio, L. S., Barochiner, J., Cuffaro, P. E., Alfie, J., Rada, M. A., Morales, M. S., Galarza, C. R., Marín, M. J., & Waisman, G. D. (2014) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/2014/569259 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationCuffless Blood Pressure Monitor for Home and Hospital Use
TAMURA, T., & Huang, M. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25030640 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hypertension: Introduction, Types, Causes, and Complications
Kokubo, Y., Iwashima, Y., & Kamide, K. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15961-4_30 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Goldberg, E. M., Shah, K. H., & Shayne, P. H. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Predicting Out-of-Office Blood Pressure in a Diverse US Population
Bellows, B. K., Xu, J., Sheppard, J. P., Schwartz, J. E., Shimbo, D., Muntner, P., McManus, R. J., Moran, A. E., Bryant, K. B., Cohen, L. P., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpac005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Head, G. A. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001244 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Colburn, D. A. M., Chern, T. L., Guo, V. E., Salamat, K. A., Pugliese, D. N., Bradley, C., Shimbo, D., & Sia, S. K. (2025) · npj Biosensing · doi:10.1038/s44328-024-00021-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Comparing Office, Central, Home and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Predicting Left Ventricular Mass
Aparicio, L. S., Barochiner, J., Peuchot, V. A., Giunta, D. H., Martínez, R., Morales, M. S., Cuffaro, P. E., & Waisman, G. D. (2018) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/j.hipert.2018.09.001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationTanabe, A., Asayama, K., Hanazawa, T., Watabe, D., Nomura, K., Okamura, T., Ohkubo, T., Imai, Y., & on behalf of the Hypertensive Objective Treatment based on Measurement by Electrical Devices of Blood Pressure (HOMED-BP) Study Investigators (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2016.176 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular risk and blood pressure lowering treatment among elderly individuals
Asayama, K., Ohkubo, T., Satoh, A., Tanaka, S., Higashiyama, A., Murakami, Y., Yamada, M., Saitoh, S., Okayama, A., Miura, K., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001555 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationImplementing Automated Office Blood Pressure Measurement
Zhang, Z., Vanassche, T., Verhamme, P. B., & Staessen, J. A. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.10967 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationPeters, R. M., Shivakumar, N., Xu, R., Javaherian, K., Sink, E. M., Patel, K. B., Brown, A. L., Huynh, J., Blanchard, M. S., Ross, W. R., et al. (2017) · JMIR Cardio · doi:10.2196/cardio.7915 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Negative Air Pressure on Wet Cupping in Decreasing Blood Pressures in Hypertensive Patients
Darmawan, B., Fatmasari, D., & Pujiast, R. S. E. (2018) · Nurse Media Journal of Nursing · doi:10.14710/nmjn.v7i2.15177 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
On the occasion of world hypertension day 2014: A nephrology point of view.
Nasri, H., Ardalan, M., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Green, M. B., Shimbo, D., Schwartz, J. E., Bress, A. P., King, J. B., Muntner, P., Sheppard, J. P., McManus, R. J., Kohli-Lynch, C. N., Zhang, Y., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpac071 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Structured hypertension education program for people with type 2 diabetes, the SHED study
Hassanein, M. M., Kumwenda, M. J., Hemida, K., Clark, K., Roberts, J., Jones, C. P., Gandham, S., Swidan, A. K., Mallappa, H., & Hobson, P. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108773 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Choi, J., Kim, K., & Kim, C. (2020) · Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1186/s40885-020-00154-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Htay, T., Rosado, D., Quest, D. W., Giller, J., Haya, N., Ream, S., & Cervantes, J. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01661-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Improves Risk Stratification in Normotension and Prehypertension People
Asayama, K., Brguljan-Hitij, J., & Imai, Y. (2014) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0478-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationPrehypertension or masked hypertension—which is responsible for target-organ damage?
Chen, Y., Huang, Y., & Mai, W. (2015) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.99 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Estimating Blood Pressure during Exercise with a Cuffless Sphygmomanometer
Hayashi, K., Maeda, Y., Yoshimura, T., Huang, M., & TAMURA, T. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23177399 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
10 – Home Monitoring of Blood Pressure
Stergiou, G., & Kollias, A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42973-3.00010-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLiang, J., Xu, H., Li, X., Qiao, X., & Ding, H. (2025) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101944 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Know your blood pressure; the theme of world hypertension day 2014.
Nasri, H. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ohkubo, T., & Satoh, M. (2023) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.2023.j045 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHome Blood Pressure Monitoring: New Evidence for an Expanded Role
Caulfield, M. J. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001592 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Argyris, A., Baker, D. L., Charnley, P., Howe, L., Lam, S. H. M., Lip, G. Y. H., Shantsila, E., & Shantsila, A. (2025) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-025-01072-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Consideration of Out‐of‐Office Blood Pressure Monitoring in Hypertension Management
Goldstein, K. M., Zullig, L. L., Bosworth, H. B., & Oddone, E. Ž. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12729 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Personalized Hypertension Management in Practice
Gladding, P. A., Patrick, A., Manley, P., Mash, L., Shepherd, P., Murphy, R., Villas-Bôas, S. G., & Schlegel, T. T. (2015) · Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2217/pme.14.83 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A big-data layered architecture for analyzing molecular communications systems in blood vessels
Felicetti, L., Femminella, M., Ivanov, T., Lió, P., & Reali, G. (2017) · ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM) · doi:10.1145/3109453.3109468 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Home Monitoring of Blood Pressure
Stergiou, G. S., & Κόλλιας, Α. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00010-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHow to measure blood pressure: focus on general practice
Shantsila, E., & Clark, C. E. (2024) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp24x736689 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Prehypertension and Hypertension
Ntineri, A., Κόλλιας, Α., & Stergiou, G. S. (2018) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_29 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Face to Face vs. Group Training on Self-pulse Rate taking Ability of Patients
Saadat, H., Sadeghi, R., Jannatipour, M., Abadi, A., Saadat, Z., & Parsa, S. A. (2019) · International Journal of Cardiovascular Practice · doi:10.21859/ijcp-401 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
La automedida de la presión arterial en el domicilio
Vinyoles, E., Soldevila, N., Tafalla, M., Vanrell, M., & Agudo-Ugena, J. (2022) · FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.fmc.2022.01.016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jula, A. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003415 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving measurement accuracy and feasibility to support long-term blood pressure management
Asayama, K., & Ohkubo, T. (2022) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-021-00850-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationDefinition and classification of office and out-of-office blood pressure across recent guidelines
Asayama, K., Kikuya, M., & Ohkubo, T. (2026) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-025-02543-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMacronutrients and type 1 diabetes (revision number 6)
Garden, L., & Paterson, K. (2014) · Diapedia.org eBooks · doi:10.14496/dia.8105345813.6
Role of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Prehypertension
Pucci, G., Reboldi, G., Angeli, F., Turturiello, D., & Verdecchia, P. (2018) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_32
Home Blood Pressure as Predictor of Adverse Health Outcomes
Asayama, K., Niiranen, T., Ohkubo, T., Stergiou, G. S., Thijs, L., Imai, Y., & Staessen, J. A. (2019) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23065-4_4
Self-citationАмосова, К. М., & Rudenko, Y. (2016) · Family Medicine · doi:10.30841/2307-5112.4.2016.248538
Peters, R. M., Shivakumar, N., Xu, R., Javaherian, K., Sink, E. M., Patel, K. B., Brown, A. L., Huynh, J., Ross, W. R., & Byrd, J. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.7915
Home Blood Pressure in Health and Disease
af Geijerstam, P. (2024) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789180756563
Towards trustworthy AI-driven cuffless blood pressure monitoring
Cisnal, A., Podder, I., Grossmann, L., Dheman, K., Elgendi, M., Valgimigli, M., & GRANADOS, D. F. P. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02898-7
Home blood pressure telemonitoring reveals race-specific patterns of target organ damage
Zhang, D., An, D., Yu, Y., Kaleta, B. P., Mokwatsi, G. G., Martens, D. S., Abiodun, O. O., Anya, T., Kruger, R., Isiguzo, G. C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000004390
Self-citationWilson, A., Waddingham, S., Sutton, L., Chandra, R., Donovan, B., Nelson, M. R., & Sharman, J. E. (2026) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-026-01202-0
Prota, D. C. G. (2026) · Evidencia actualizacion en la práctica ambulatoria · doi:10.51987/evidencia.v29i4.7236
- Authors
- Asayama, K., Thijs, L., Brguljan-Hitij, J., Niiranen, T. J., Hozawa, A., Boggia, J., Aparicio, L. S., Hara, A., Johansson, J. K., Ohkubo, T., Tzourio, C., Stergiou, G. S., Sandoya, E., Tsuji, I., Jula, A. M., Imai, Y., Staessen, J. A., & for the International Database of Home Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDHOCO) investigators
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- Turku University Hospital (FI)
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (AR)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Teikyo University (JP)
- Inserm (FR)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Staessen, Jan A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS Medicine
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-01-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e1001591
- ISSN
- 1549-1277 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-1676
- PMC
- PMC3897370
- OpenAlex
- W2008818755
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 9.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- European Commission (LSHM-CT-2006-037093, G.0881.13, 201550, IC15-CT98-0329-EPOGH, 278249, G.0880.13, 305507)
- Työsuojelurahasto
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (H23–Junkankitou [Seishuu]–Ippan–005)
- Daiwa Securities Health Foundation
- Suomen Hammaslääkäriliitto
- Vlaamse regering
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25253059)
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (294713)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- home blood pressure, self-measured blood pressure, hypertension risk stratification, masked hypertension, white coat effect, cardiovascular events, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, systolic blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure, mild hypertension, severe hypertension, cardiovascular risk prediction, cardiovascular risk communication
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Europe, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Uruguay, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Assessment, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Young Adult, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
