Observation of Static Pictures of Dynamic Actions Enhances the Activity of Movement-Related Brain Areas
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Physiological studies of perfectly still observers have shown interesting correlations between increasing effortfulness of observed actions and increases in heart and respiration rates. Not much is known about the cortical response induced by observing effortful actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and neural correlates of perception of implied motion, by presenting 260 pictures of human actions differing in degrees of dynamism and muscular exertion. ERPs were recorded from 128 sites in young male and female adults engaged in a secondary perceptual task. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our results indicate that even when the stimulus shows no explicit motion, observation of static photographs of human actions with implied motion produces a clear increase in cortical activation, manifest in a long-lasting positivity (LP) between 350-600 ms that is much greater to dynamic than less dynamic actions, especially in men. A swLORETA linear inverse solution computed on the dynamic-minus-static difference wave in the time window 380-430 ms showed that a series of regions was activated, including the right V5/MT, left EBA, left STS (BA38), left premotor (BA6) and motor (BA4) areas, cingulate and IF cortex. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, the data suggest that corresponding mirror neurons respond more strongly to implied dynamic than to less dynamic actions. The sex difference might be partially cultural and reflect a preference of young adult males for highly dynamic actions depicting intense muscular activity, or a sporty context.
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In humans, complex visual stimuli, including actions, reach premotor cortex and motor areas in around 300 ms.
“complex visual stimuli, including actions, reach PMC and motor areas in around 300ms”
From Mirror neurons: from origin to function (2014) · cites this paper as Proverbio, Riva, & Zani, 2009
The Results (page unavailable) identify premotor and motor activity during viewing of static photographs depicting actions, but locate it in the 380–430 ms window, not around 300 ms. The study does not establish that complex visual stimuli generally reach those areas at that time. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStatic images with implied motion activate both motor and visual areas.
“It has been demonstrated (by using both TMS and event related potentials) that static images with implied motion perception activate both motor and visual areas (Urgesi et al., 2006; Proverbio et al., 2009).”
From Corticomotor Excitability during Observation and Imagination of a Work of Art (2011) · cites this paper as Proverbio et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Proverbio, A. M., Riva, F., & Zani, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Proverbio, Alice Mado
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-05-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e5389
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2671843
- OpenAlex
- W2146356260
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- implied motion, mirror neurons, event-related potentials, sex differences, MT/V5, premotor cortex, STS, cingulate cortex, muscular exertion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Movement, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Observation, Young Adult
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