The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microglia in the Mouse Retina Alter the Structure and Function of Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells: A Potential Cellular Interaction Relevant to AMD
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of legal blindness in the elderly in the industrialized word. While the immune system in the retina is likely to be important in AMD pathogenesis, the cell biology underlying the disease is incompletely understood. Clinical and basic science studies have implicated alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer as a locus of early change. Also, retinal microglia, the resident immune cells of the retina, have been observed to translocate from their normal position in the inner retina to accumulate in the subretinal space close to the RPE layer in AMD eyes and in animal models of AMD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we examined the effects of retinal microglia on RPE cells using 1) an in vitro model where activated retinal microglia are co-cultured with primary RPE cells, and 2) an in vivo mouse model where retinal microglia are transplanted into the subretinal space. We found that retinal microglia induced in RPE cells 1) changes in RPE structure and distribution, 2) increased expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and pro-angiogenic molecules, and 3) increased extent of in vivo choroidal neovascularization in the subretinal space. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings share similarities with important pathological features found in AMD and suggest the relevance of microglia-RPE interactions in AMD pathogenesis. We speculate that the migration of retinal microglia into the subretinal space in early stages of the disease induces significant changes in RPE cells that perpetuate further microglial accumulation, increase inflammation in the outer retina, and fosters an environment conducive for the formation of neovascular changes responsible for much of vision loss in advanced AMD.
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Cites
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“space [17], and acquire morphological features of activation [18].”
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“%) of the DAPI-positive cells isolated from CX3CR1+/GFP transgenic mice were also GFP-positive, indicating the expression of CX3CR1, a specific marker of microglia and dendritic cells in the retina [15] and the brain [35] (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Natural History and Prognosis of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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Cited by
Immunology of age-related macular degeneration
Ambati, J., Atkinson, J. P., & Gelfand, B. D. (2013) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3459 · Cited by 584
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Microglia in Retinal Degeneration
Rashid, K., Akhtar-Schaefer, I., & Langmann, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01975 · Cited by 355
Microglia in the Retina: Roles in Development, Maturity, and Disease
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Self-citationParallel findings in age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer’s disease
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ma, W., Zhao, L., Fontainhas, A. M., Fariss, R. N., & Wong, W. T.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-11-20
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e7945
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057221200
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 10.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Ma, W., Zhao, L., Fontainhas, A. M., Fariss, R. N., & Wong, W. T. (2009). Microglia in the Mouse Retina Alter the Structure and Function of Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells: A Potential Cellular Interaction Relevant to AMD. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007945
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