Contributions of Dopamine-Related Genes and Environmental Factors to Highly Sensitive Personality: A Multi-Step Neuronal System-Level Approach
Open accessAbstract
Traditional behavioral genetic studies (e.g., twin, adoption studies) have shown that human personality has moderate to high heritability, but recent molecular behavioral genetic studies have failed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with consistent effects. The current study adopted a multi-step approach (ANOVA followed by multiple regression and permutation) to assess the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs. Using a system-level (dopamine system) genetic approach, we investigated a personality trait deeply rooted in the nervous system (the Highly Sensitive Personality, HSP). 480 healthy Chinese college students were given the HSP scale and genotyped for 98 representative polymorphisms in all major dopamine neurotransmitter genes. In addition, two environment factors (stressful life events and parental warmth) that have been implicated for their contributions to personality development were included to investigate their relative contributions as compared to genetic factors. In Step 1, using ANOVA, we identified 10 polymorphisms that made statistically significant contributions to HSP. In Step 2, these polymorphism's main effects and interactions were assessed using multiple regression. This model accounted for 15% of the variance of HSP (p<0.001). Recent stressful life events accounted for an additional 2% of the variance. Finally, permutation analyses ascertained the probability of obtaining these findings by chance to be very low, p ranging from 0.001 to 0.006. Dividing these loci by the subsystems of dopamine synthesis, degradation/transport, receptor and modulation, we found that the modulation and receptor subsystems made the most significant contribution to HSP. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of a multi-step neuronal system-level approach in assessing genetic contributions to individual differences in human behavior. It can potentially bridge the gap between the high heritability estimates based on traditional behavioral genetics and the lack of reproducible genetic effects observed currently from molecular genetic studies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Dopamine-related genes and levels of dopamine predict variation in personality traits.
“Findings generally show that dopamine‐related genes and levels of dopamine predict variation in personality traits (Chen et al., 2011, 2012; Fischer et al., 2018; Wacker & Smillie, 2015)”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2011
The Results report that dopamine-related gene polymorphisms were associated with scores on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, supporting the genetic part of the claim. The Introduction describes genotyping those genes, but our copy does not report measuring dopamine levels or showing that dopamine levels predict personality traits. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVariation in endogenous dopamine levels predicted a wide range of personality traits.
“Neurobiological studies have suggested that variation in endogenous dopamine levels predicted wide range of personality traits (i.e., ‘dopaminergic traits’)”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2011
The Introduction (page not provided) says the dopamine system is believed to play a major role in personality. The Discussion (page not provided) links dopamine-related gene variants to the high-sensitivity trait, but the study does not show that measured endogenous dopamine levels predicted a wide range of personality traits. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A. R., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/519795 · Cited by 34,089 · see citing works
Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases
Manolio, T. A., Collins, F. S., Cox, N. J., Goldstein, D. B., Hindorff, L. A., Hunter, D. J., McCarthy, M. I., Ramos, E. M., Cardon, L. R., Chakravarti, A., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08494 · Cited by 8,336 · see citing works
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120 · see citing works
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03001 · Cited by 4,971 · see citing works
Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T. E., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I. W., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072290 · Cited by 4,842 · see citing works
Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height
Yang, J., Benyamin, B., McEvoy, B. P., Gordon, S., Henders, A. K., Nyholt, D. R., Madden, P. A., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.608 · Cited by 4,446 · see citing works
A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs
The International HapMap Consortium (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06258 · Cited by 4,438 · see citing works
Self-citationDepue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x99002046 · Cited by 2,046 · see citing works
Ebstein, R. P., Novick, O., Umansky, R., Priel, B., Osher, Y., Blaine, D., Bennett, E. R., Nemanov, L., Katz, M., & Belmaker, R. H. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0196-78 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works
Data quality control in genetic case-control association studies
Anderson, C. A., Pettersson, F. H., Clarke, G. M., Cardon, L. R., Morris, A. P., & Zondervan, K. T. (2010) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2010.116 · Cited by 1,318 · see citing works
Gene–environment interactions in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1925 · Cited by 1,300 · see citing works
Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality.
Aron, E. N., & Aron, A. P. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.345 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter
Sabol, S. Z., Hu, S., & Hamer, D. (1998) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s004390050816 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
A HapMap harvest of insights into the genetics of common disease
Manolio, T. A., Brooks, L. D., & Collins, F. S. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34772 · Cited by 889 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Thus it is necessary to examine the combined effects of multiple gene loci [21,22].”
BackgroundGenes, Environment, and Personality
Bouchard, T. J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8209250 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Bioinformatics challenges for genome-wide association studies
Moore, J. H., Asselbergs, F. W., & Williams, S. M. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp713 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus
Ding, Y. C., Chi, H. C., Grady, D., Morishima, A., Kidd, J., Kidd, K., Flodman, P., Spence, M., Schuck, S., Swanson, J., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.012464099 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Self-citationStress and life events during childhood and adolescence
Compas, B. E. (1987) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(87)90037-7 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Recent acceleration of human adaptive evolution
Hawks, J., Wang, E. T., Cochran, G. M., Harpending, H. C., & Moyzis, R. K. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707650104 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Genetic Architecture of Selection at the Human Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Gene Locus
Wang, E., Ding, Y.-C., Flodman, P. L., Kidd, J. R., Kídd, K. K., Grady, D. L., Ryder, O. A., Spence, M. A., Swanson, J. M., & Moyzis, R. K. (2004) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/420854 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationWills, T. A., Vaccaro, D., & McNamara, G. (1992) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00937914 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Global landscape of recent inferred Darwinian selection for Homo sapiens
Wang, E. T., Kodama, G., Baldi, P., & Moyzis, R. K. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509691102 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citationGene-Environment Interaction in Genome-Wide Association Studies
Murcray, C. E., Lewinger, J. P., & Gauderman, W. J. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn353 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Tally, S. R., & Dong, Q. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.2.209 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationEnoch, M., Xu, K., Ferro, E., Harris, C. R., & Goldman, D. A. (2003) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/00041444-200303000-00006 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Tally, S. R., & Dong, Q. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.2.209 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Highly Sensitive Person : Stress and physical symptom reports
Benham, G. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.021 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Adult Shyness: The Interaction of Temperamental Sensitivity and an Adverse Childhood Environment
Aron, E. N., Aron, A. P., & Davies, K. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271419 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Torgersen, S. O., Czajkowski, N. O., Jacobson, K. C., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., Røysamb, E., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708002924 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Krueger, R. F., South, S., Johnson, W., & Iacono, W. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00529.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The role of neurotensin in central nervous system pathophysiology: What is the evidence?
St-Gelais, F., Jomphe, C., & Trudeau, L. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0627 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
McGuffin, P., Riley, B. P., & Plomin, R. J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057264 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Heritability of borderline personality disorder features is similar across three countries
Distel, M. A., Trull, T. J., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., Grimmer, M. A., Martin, N. G., Willemsen, G., & Boomsma, D. I. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002024 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
A whole genome association study of neuroticism using DNA pooling
Shifman, S., Bhomra, A., Smiley, S., Wray, N. R., James, M. R., Martin, N. G., Hettema, J. M., An, S., Neale, M. C., van den Oord, E. J. C. G., et al. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002048 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Gonda, X., Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Juhász, G., Rihmer, Z., Lazáry, J., Lászik, A., Akiskal, H. S., & Bagdy, G. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-008-0842-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Wermter, A., Laucht, M., SCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Banaschewski, T., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Rietschel, M., & Becker, K. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0082-z · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Neurotensin: Role in psychiatric and neurological diseases
Cáceda, R., Kinkead, B. L., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2006) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.04.024 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Screen and clean: a tool for identifying interactions in genome‐wide association studies
Wu, J. Q., Devlin, B., Ringquist, S., Trucco, M., & Roeder, K. (2010) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20459 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Predicting Sensation Seeking From Dopamine Genes: A Candidate-System Approach
Derringer, J., Krueger, R. F., Dick, D. M., Saccone, S., Grucza, R. A., Agrawal, A., Lin, P., Almasy, L., Edenberg, H. J., Foroud, T., et al. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610380699 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Qian, Q., Wang, Y., Zhou, R., Li, J., Wang, B., Glatt, S., & Faraone, S. V. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.10064 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationHong, X., Tsai, H., & Wang, X. (2009) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32833252dc · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Aron, A. P., Ketay, S., Hedden, T., Aron, E. N., Markus, H. R., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq028 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Guan, L., Wang, B., Chen, Y., Yang, L., Li, J., Qian, Q., Wang, Z., Faraone, S. V., & Wang, Y.-T. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002139 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationGu, D., Su, S., Ge, D., Chen, S., Huang, J., Li, B., Chen, R., & Qiang, B. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000219041.66702.45 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Behavioral genetic analyses of prosocial behavior in adolescents
Gregory, A. M., Light-Haeusermann, J., Rijsdijk, F. V., & Eley, T. C. (2008) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00739.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Gene × environment interaction of vigorous exercise and body mass index among male Vietnam-era twins
McCaffery, J. M., Papandonatos, G. D., Bond, D. S., Lyons, M. J., & Wing, R. R. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27170 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Qian, Q., Wang, Y., Zhou, R., Yang, L., & Faraone, S. V. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30079 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
D2 and D4 dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms and personality traits in a young Korean population
Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Kim, Y., Kim, L., Lee, M. S., Jung, I., Suh, K., & Kim, S. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20054 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Variation in DRD2 dopamine gene predicts Extraverted personality
Smillie, L. D., Cooper, A. J., Proitsi, P., Powell, J. F., & Pickering, A. D. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.095 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Plomin, R., & Davis, O. S. P. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01978.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ruchkin, V. V., Eisemann, M. R., Hägglöf, B., & Cloninger, C. R. (1998) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90065-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kim, S. J., Kim, Y. S., Kim, S. Y., Lee, H. S., & Kim, C. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bidirectional regulation of dopamine D2 and neurotensin NTS1 receptors in dopamine neurons
Jomphe, C., Lemelin, P. ‐., Okano, H., Kobayashi, K., & Trudeau, L. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05151.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Boules, M., Shaw, A. M., Fredrickson, P. A., & Richelson, E. (2007) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200721010-00002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Serotonergic genes and personality traits in the Korean population
Ham, B., Kim, Y. H., Choi, M.-J., Cha, J.-H., Choi, Y., & Lee, M.-S. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00753-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hashimoto, R., Noguchi, H., Hori, H., Ohi, K., Yasuda, Y., Takeda, M., & Kunugi, H. (2007) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.09.036 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ohinata, K., Sonoda, S., Inoue, N., Yamauchi, R., Wada, K., & Yoshikawa, M. (2007) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.06.002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Light, K. J., Joyce, P. R., Luty, S. E., Mulder, R., Carter, J. D., Frampton, C. M., Miller, A. L., & Kennedy, M. A. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hosák, L., Libiger, J., Čı́žek, J., Beránek, M., & Čermáková, E. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Chromosome 9: linkage for borderline personality disorder features
Distel, M. A., Hottenga, J., Trull, T. J., & Boomsma, D. I. (2008) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e3283118468 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gillespie, N. A., Zhu, G., Evans, D. M., Medland, S. E., Wright, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00527.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Plomp, E., van Engeland, H., & Durston, S. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.07.024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Austin, J., Buckland, P. R., Cardno, A. G., Williams, N. M., Spurlock, G., Hoogendoorn, B., Zammit, S., Jones, G., Sanders, R., Jones, L. A., et al. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000761 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mutual Information for Testing Gene-Environment Interaction
Wu, X., Li, J., & Xiong, M. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004578 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHosák, L., Libiger, J., Cizek, J., Beránek, M., & Čermáková, E. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.625 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction
Nilsson, K. W., Oreland, L., Kronstrand, R., & Leppert, J. (2009) · Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1080/03009730902833406 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Isen, J. D., Baker, L. A., Raine, A., & Bezdjian, S. (2008) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-008-9244-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ishii, G., Suzuki, A., Oshino, S., Shiraishi, H., Matsumoto, Y., Otani, K., & Goto, K. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Genetic variations in the dopaminergic system and alcohol use: a system‐level analysis
Chen, C., Chen, C., Moyzis, R. K., He, Q., Li, H., Li, J., Zhu, B., Lessard, J., Stern, H. S., & Dong, Q. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00348.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, L., Li, B., Lu, X., Zhao, Q., Li, Y., Ge, D., Li, H., Zhang, P., Chen, S., Chen, R., et al. (2008) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20070335 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation[The influence of genes on the development of personality].
Samochowiec, J., Fiszer-Piosik, E., Kucharska–Mazur, J., & Horodnicki, J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Genética del temperamento en niños
Ivorra, J. L., Gilabert‐Juan, J., Moltó, M. D., & Arias, J. S. (2007) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.4507.2007247 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [60]Ivorra-Martinez J Gilabert-Juan J Molto-Ruiz MD Sanjuan J 2007 The genetics of child temperament. Rev Neurol 45 418 423 17918108
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sensory Processing Sensitivity: A Review in the Light of the Evolution of Biological Responsivity
Aron, E. N., Aron, A., & Jagiellowicz, J. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868311434213 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Greven, C. U., Lionetti, F., Booth, C., Aron, E. N., Fox, E., Schendan, H. E., Pluess, M., Bruining, H., Acevedo, B. P., Bijttebier, P., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.009 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Cramer, A. O. J., van der Sluis, S., Noordhof, A., Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Aggen, S. H., Kendler, K. S., & Borsboom, D. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1866 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Beyond risk, resilience, and dysregulation: Phenotypic plasticity and human development
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941300059x · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Pluess, M., Assary, E., Lionetti, F., Lester, K. J., Krapohl, E. M. L., Aron, E. N., & Aron, A. P. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000406 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Acevedo, B. P., Aron, E. N., Aron, A. P., Sangster, M.-D. D., Collins, N. L., & Brown, L. L. (2014) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.242 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Pluess, M., & Boniwell, I. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.011 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Differential Susceptibility of the Developing Brain to Contextual Adversity and Stress
Boyce, W. T. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.294 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Homberg, J. R., Schubert, D., Asan, E., & Aron, E. N. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.029 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences
Belsky, J. (2013) · International journal of child care and education policy/International journal of child care and education · doi:10.1007/2288-6729-7-2-15 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Shen, X., Jin, G., Zhao, Y., & Shao, X. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134626 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Acevedo, B. P., Santander, T., Marhenke, R., Aron, A., & Aron, E. (2021) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000513527 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Homberg, J. R., & Jagiellowicz, J. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01047-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sensitive individuals are more creative
Bridges, D., & Schendan, H. E. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.015 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Yano, K., & Oishi, K. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.047 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Takahashi, T., Kawashima, I., Nitta, Y., & Kumano, H. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119841848 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Cao, Y., Wang, M., Ji, L., Chen, L., & Deater-Deckard, K. D. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0297-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exploring the Multidimensional Structure of Sensory Processing Sensitivity in Turkish Samples
Şengül‐İnal, G., & Sümer, N. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9751-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fischer, R., Lee, A., & Verzijden, M. N. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18784-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Measurable Like Temperature or Mereological like Flocking? on the Nature of Personality Traits
Cramer, A. O. J., van der Sluis, S., Noordhof, A., Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Aggen, S. H., Kendler, K. S., & Borsboom, D. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1879 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Golonka, K., & Gulla, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751350 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hayden, E. P., Hanna, B., Sheikh, H. I., Laptook, R. S., Kim, J., Singh, S. M., & Klein, D. N. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000971 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
May, A. K., Norris, S. A., Richter, L., & Pitman, M. M. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00988-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
van Deursen, D. S., Salemink, E., Smit, F., Kramer, J., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-674 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kurowski, B. G., Treble‐Barna, A., Pitzer, A. J., Wade, S. L., Martin, L. J., Chima, R. S., & Jegga, A. G. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4856 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Licht, C. L., Mortensen, E. L., Hjordt, L. V., Stenbæk, D. S., Arentzen, T., Nørremølle, A., & Knudsen, G. M. (2020) · Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1002/mgg3.1352 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy202 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Clinical and Research Utility of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale
Smith, H., Sriken, J., & Erford, B. T. (2019) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.41.3.03 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kurowski, B. G., Backeljauw, B., Zang, H., Zhang, N., Martin, L. J., Pilipenko, V. V., Yeates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., & Wade, S. L. (2015) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000162 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Health and social outcomes in highly sensitive persons
Jagiellowicz, J., Zarinafsar, S., & Acevedo, B. P. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818251-2.00004-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bordarie, J., Aguerre, C., & Bolteau, L. (2022) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2022.100781 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Friedrich, J., Talenti, A., Arvelius, P., Strandberg, E., Haskell, M. J., & Wiener, P. (2020) · Advanced Genetics · doi:10.1002/ggn2.10024 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chen, C., Xiu, D., Chen, C., Moyzis, R., Xia, M., He, Y., Xue, G., Li, J., He, Q., Lei, X., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133143 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationGoldberg, A., & Scharf, M. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520911101 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sweet and Sensitive: Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Type 1 Diabetes
Goldberg, A., Ebraheem, Z., Freiberg, C., Ferarro, R., Chai, S., & Dally-Gottfried, O. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2017.10.015 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sensory Processing Sensitivity and the Subjective Experience of Parenting: An Exploratory Study
Aron, E. N., Aron, A. P., Nardone, N., & Zhou, S. (2019) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12370 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sensory processing sensitivity and social pain: a hypothesis and theory
Morellini, L., Izzo, A., Celeghin, A., Palermo, S., & Morese, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1135440 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Homberg, J. R., Brivio, P., Greven, C. U., & Calabrese, F. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105605 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Braem, M., Asher, L., Furrer, S., Lechner, I., Würbel, H., & Melotti, L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177616 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Genetic Variations in the Serotoninergic System Contribute to Body-Mass Index in Chinese Adolescents
Chen, C., Chen, W., Chen, C., Moyzis, R. K., He, Q., Lei, X., Li, J., Wang, Y., Liu, B., Xiu, D., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058717 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDragone, M., Esposito, C., Angelis, G. D., & Bacchini, D. (2022) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe12070060 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kassim, F. M. (2023) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2856 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Findings generally show that dopamine‐related genes and levels of dopamine predict variation in personality traits (Chen et al., 2011, 2012; Fischer et al., 2018; Wacker & Smillie, 2015) and plays an important role in individual behaviour differences (Depue & Collins, 1999; Norbury & Husain, 2015;…”
BackgroundInfluentialLiu, D., van Dijk, A., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Deković, M., & Dubas, J. S. (2023) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-023-10032-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Assessment of sensory processing sensitivity across the lifespan
Lionetti, F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818251-2.00002-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Targeted next-generation sequencing for identifying genes related to horse temperament
Song, S., Oh, D., Cho, G., Kim, D. H., Park, Y.-S., & Han, K. (2017) · Genes & Genomics · doi:10.1007/s13258-017-0597-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chen, C., Moyzis, R. K., Lei, X., Chen, C., & Dong, Q. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357376.013.22 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKurowski, B. G., Treble‐Barna, A., Zang, H., Zhang, N., Martin, L. J., Yeates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., & Wade, S. L. (2017) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000281 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
DiPierro, M., Fite, P. J., Cooley, J. L., & Poquiz, J. L. (2015) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9341-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Etiology of sensory processing sensitivity: Neurobiology, genes, and evolution
Naumann, F. V., Acevedo, B. P., Jagiellowicz, J., Greven, C. U., & Homberg, J. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818251-2.00005-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sales Presentation Anxiety, Cortisol Levels, Self-Reports, and Gene-Gene Interactions
Verbeke, W., Bagozzi, R. P., van den Berg, W., Worm, L., & Belschak, F. D. (2016) · Journal of Marketing Behavior · doi:10.1561/107.00000036 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chen, C., Liu, C., Chen, C., Moyzis, R., Chen, W., & Dong, Q. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.09.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationXiao, L., Baetens, K., & Deroost, N. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2023.2300751 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kurczewska, E., Ferensztajn‐Rochowiak, E., RYBAKOWSKI, J. K., & Rybakowski, F. (2024) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/160301 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lauby, S. C., Chatterjee, D., Pan, P., McGowan, P. O., & Fleming, A. S. (2019) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12706 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Brain circuits in autonomous sensory meridian response and related phenomena
Lin, I.-F., & Kondo, H. M. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0252 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Relationship between Sensitivity Tendency and Psychological Stress Reactivity in Healthy Students
Ishibashi, S., Murata, J., Tokunaga, A., Imamura, A., Kawano, K., Iwanaga, R., & Tanaka, G. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050949 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The relationship between daily exercise and sensory-processing sensitivity among university students
Yano, K., Kimura, S., & Oishi, K. (2017) · Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport Sciences) · doi:10.5432/jjpehss.17017 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Highly Sensitive Person dan Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Mental
Natalia, J. R., & Bernathsius, J. (2019) · Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa · doi:10.26714/jkj.7.3.2019.317-322 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Beerman, L., & Boeldt, D. L. (2024) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-024-00404-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
D’Addario, C., Bellia, F., Piccinini, A., Cannito, L., Lionetti, F., Dell’Osso, B. M., Dell’Osso, B. M., Adriani, W., Domenico, A. D., Domenico, A. D., et al. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12092149 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Bao, T., Zhang, T., Ji, G., Wang, Y., Ling, Z., & Li, W. (2023) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2023.08.010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Early predictors of sensory processing sensitivity in members of the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort
May, A. K., Wessels, S. H., Norris, S. A., Richter, L., Lombard, Z., & Pitman, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104370 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zavlis, O., Parsons, S. D., Fox, E., Booth, C., Songco, A., & Vincent, J. P. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423001645 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Relationship between Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Personality Traits
ÖZPEK, T., & KANDEMİR, F. (2024) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1371508 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thomas, M. E. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0003.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kreiselmaier, L. R. (2016) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Braem, M. (2023) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.09.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kühl, J., & Firk, C. (2025) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2025.74.1.61 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Carbone, M. G., Polizzi, C., Pasqua, M. M. D., Morales, M. R., Perricone, G., Cucinella, G., Sutera, R., Burgio, S., & Giordano, G. (2025) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852925100436 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lee, D., Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05553-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reddington, K., Nagy, O. N., Baier, A., & Köteles, F. G. (2025) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.2025.00089 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Evolutionary Perspective on Developmental Plasticity
Hartman, S., & Belsky, J. (2015) · Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McGue, M. K., & Matteson, L. K. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-383834-6.00111-7
Serotonin, Stress, and the Emergence of Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) TraitsPreprint
Suuberg, A. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2978854
Opinion: Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) or Endocrine Disorder?Preprint
Suuberg, A. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3016643
Kiou, J. L. (2018) · Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)
Suuberg, A. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3002629
(2020) · Presses Universitaires de France eBooks · doi:10.3917/puf.lagra.2020.01.0431
Cezar, L. C. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2022.tde-20012023-112002
Do We Inherit or Create Our Personalities? A Review and Analysis of the Evidence
Yu, Z., & Pyland, K. (2023) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v12i1.3982
Importance of high sensitivity for shaping abnormal eating behavior in young adult women
Mamełka, K., & Ziółkowska, B. (2023) · Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio · doi:10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1210
D’Addario, C., Bellia, F., Piccinini, A., Annunzi, E., Cannito, L., Lionetti, F., Dell’Osso, B. M., Adriani, W., Dainese, E., Domenico, A. D., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3955799/v1
Rodrigues, F. D. A. A. (2024) · Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i2.10523
Acevedo, B. P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99727-0.00006-9
Mental health and sensory processing sensitivity
Acevedo, B. P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99727-0.00002-1
The impact of culture, gender, and the environment on the expression of high sensitivity
Acevedo, B. P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99727-0.00005-7
Vous avez dit « hypersensibilité » : que nous dit la science ?
Aguerre, C., & Bordarie, J. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aak.k6qfumuss
Yu, C., Chiu, C., Huang, C., Lu, H., & Cheng, C. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113676
Adornetti, J. P., Karbassi, N., Houlihan, A. L., Smith, E. M., Hagy, H. A., & Bohnert, A. M. (2026) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70122
Dong, Y., Li, J., Wu, J., & Luo, Y. L. L. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121382
Self-citationDepression as a Risk Moderator Factor for Sleep Quality in Highly Sensitive People
Costa-López, B., Ruiz‐Robledillo, N., Moreno, O., Muñoz, G., Albaladejo-Blázquez, N., & Ferrer‐Cascales, R. (2026) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2026.10020
Mohtar, S. I., & Ghalayini, L. K. (2026) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98211-8_4
Altered theta-band sensory gating in individuals with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS)
Lin, B.-L., Chiu, C., Huang, C., Lu, H., & Cheng, C. (2026) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2026.150443
- Authors
- Chen, C., Chen, C., Moyzis, R., Stern, H., He, Q., Li, H., Li, J., Zhu, B., & Dong, Q.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Qi
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-07-13
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e21636
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3135587
- OpenAlex
- W2089404075
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (B07008, 10YJCXLX032, ‘111’ Project)
- Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (B07008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- dopaminergic system, genetic polymorphism, life events, parental warmth, gene-environment interaction, heritability of personality, dopamine receptors, dopaminergic modulation, dopamine synthesis, individual differences in behavior
- MeSH terms
- Dopamine, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Neurons, Personality, Regression Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Databases, Genetic, Systems Biology, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review