Bacterial Communities in Women with Bacterial Vaginosis: High Resolution Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Relationships of Microbiota to Clinical Criteria
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BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition that is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes and is characterized by poorly understood changes in the vaginal microbiota. We sought to describe the composition and diversity of the vaginal bacterial biota in women with BV using deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene coupled with species-level taxonomic identification. We investigated the associations between the presence of individual bacterial species and clinical diagnostic characteristics of BV. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR and pyrosequencing were performed on vaginal swabs from 220 women with and without BV. BV was assessed by Amsel's clinical criteria and confirmed by Gram stain. Taxonomic classification was performed using phylogenetic placement tools that assigned 99% of query sequence reads to the species level. Women with BV had heterogeneous vaginal bacterial communities that were usually not dominated by a single taxon. In the absence of BV, vaginal bacterial communities were dominated by either Lactobacillus crispatus or Lactobacillus iners. Leptotrichia amnionii and Eggerthella sp. were the only two BV-associated bacteria (BVABs) significantly associated with each of the four Amsel's criteria. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the presence of several sub-groups of BVABs suggesting metabolic co-dependencies. Greater abundance of several BVABs was observed in Black women without BV. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The human vaginal bacterial biota is heterogeneous and marked by greater species richness and diversity in women with BV; no species is universally present. Different bacterial species have different associations with the four clinical criteria, which may account for discrepancies often observed between Amsel and Nugent (Gram stain) diagnostic criteria. Several BVABs exhibited race-dependent prevalence when analyzed in separate groups by BV status which may contribute to increased incidence of BV in Black women. Tools developed in this project can be used to study microbial ecology in diverse settings at high resolution.
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High biodiversity does not always indicate a health-promoting ecosystem; bacterial vaginosis has greater diversity than a healthy state.
“a high level of biodiversity does not always correspond to a health-promoting ecosystem: for example, bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a diversity greater than that observed in a healthy state59.”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Srinivasan, S., Hoffman, N. G., Morgan, M. T., Matsen, F. A., Fiedler, T. L., Hall, R. W., Ross, F. J., McCoy, C. O., Bumgarner, R., Marrazzo, J. M., & Fredricks, D. N.
- Affiliations
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Srinivasan, Sujatha
- Fredricks, David N.
- ORCID
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- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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- 2012-06-18
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- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e37818
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3377712
- OpenAlex
- W2022111190
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 75
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- FWCI
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- en
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- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute (HG005966-01, R01HG005966)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA015704)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI061628, AI061628)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- bacterial vaginosis, vaginal microbiota, bacterial species composition, phylogenetic placement, Amsel criteria, Nugent score, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Eggerthella, racial differences, Black women, bacterial co-occurrence
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Base Sequence, Female, Humans, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Vagina, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Vaginosis, Bacterial, DNA Primers, Metagenome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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