The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 15 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Individuals differ in the response to regular exercise. Whether there are people who experience adverse changes in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors has never been addressed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: An adverse response is defined as an exercise-induced change that worsens a risk factor beyond measurement error and expected day-to-day variation. Sixty subjects were measured three times over a period of three weeks, and variation in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and in fasting plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and insulin (FI) was quantified. The technical error (TE) defined as the within-subject standard deviation derived from these measurements was computed. An adverse response for a given risk factor was defined as a change that was at least two TEs away from no change but in an adverse direction. Thus an adverse response was recorded if an increase reached 10 mm Hg or more for SBP, 0.42 mmol/L or more for TG, or 24 pmol/L or more for FI or if a decrease reached 0.12 mmol/L or more for HDL-C. Completers from six exercise studies were used in the present analysis: Whites (N = 473) and Blacks (N = 250) from the HERITAGE Family Study; Whites and Blacks from DREW (N = 326), from INFLAME (N = 70), and from STRRIDE (N = 303); and Whites from a University of Maryland cohort (N = 160) and from a University of Jyvaskyla study (N = 105), for a total of 1,687 men and women. Using the above definitions, 126 subjects (8.4%) had an adverse change in FI. Numbers of adverse responders reached 12.2% for SBP, 10.4% for TG, and 13.3% for HDL-C. About 7% of participants experienced adverse responses in two or more risk factors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Adverse responses to regular exercise in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors occur. Identifying the predictors of such unwarranted responses and how to prevent them will provide the foundation for personalized exercise prescription.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Adverse metabolic responses to regular exercise—worsening of systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, or fasting insulin beyond measurement error—occur in a nontrivial minority of adults across six exercise studies. The paper estimates prevalences of roughly 8%–13% per risk factor and about 7% for two or more risk factors.
Key findings
- Across six exercise studies (maximum N = 1,687), adverse responder prevalence was 8.3% for fasting insulin (abstract states 8.4%), 13.3% for HDL-C, 10.3% for triglycerides, and 12.2% for systolic blood pressure.
- In HERITAGE, 6%–9% of Blacks and Whites experienced adverse responses for each of the four risk factors, with no substantive differences between ethnic groups.
- About 7% of participants experienced adverse responses in two or more risk factors; Table 8 reports 6% with exactly two and 0.8% with three or four.
- Adverse response traits appeared independent of cardiorespiratory fitness improvement: only 2 of 56 tested differences in VO2max gain between adverse and non-adverse responders reached p ≤ 0.05, far from a Bonferroni-adjusted p = 0.0009. DREW showed no substantive differences in adverse response prevalence across 4, 8, or 12 kcal/kg/week exercise doses.
Methods
- Secondary analysis of completers from six exercise intervention studies: HERITAGE (473 Whites, 250 Blacks), DREW (326), INFLAME (70), STRRIDE (303), MARYLAND (160), and JYVASKYLA (105), for a maximum of 1,687 men and women.
- Adverse response was defined as an exercise-induced change at least 2× the technical error (TE) in an adverse direction: increase ≥10 mm Hg for systolic BP, ≥0.42 mmol/L for triglycerides, ≥24 pmol/L for fasting insulin, or decrease ≤0.12 mmol/L for HDL-C. TE was derived from 60 subjects measured three times over 3 weeks, except fasting insulin, for which assays were performed twice and TE was estimated using other HERITAGE data plus literature.
- Analyses included prevalence tabulations, paired t tests for within-cohort mean changes, general linear models comparing VO2max gains between adverse and non-adverse responders with age, sex, and baseline VO2max as covariates, and a DREW dose comparison.
Limitations
- The paper states that the causes of adverse responses are unknown, that exercise-drug interactions cannot be directly tested with available data, and that it is unknown whether some adverse responders would revert with different exercise doses or modalities; findings also need extension to other risk factors such as LDL-cholesterol, inflammation markers, and adiposity traits.
- Evident from the text: this is a secondary analysis of completers from heterogeneous studies with differing protocols and health statuses, some trait data are unavailable (e.g., STRRIDE systolic BP is N/A), and the fasting insulin TE was not based on three repeated measurements but estimated from other data and literature.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adverse responses to regular exercise in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors occur.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Thus, some individuals experience ARs when exposed to regular exercise, but the causes of the phenomenon are unknown at this time.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Abstract > Conclusions/Significance
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Completers of the six exercise studies are representative of sedentary adults generally.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Numbers of adverse responders reached 12.2% for SBP, 10.4% for TG, and 13.3% for HDL-C.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Based on a maximum of 1687 subjects, the prevalence of an AR reached 8.3% for the changes in FI, 13.3% for the changes in fasting HDL-C, 10.3% for TG, and 12.2% for resting SBP.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Abstract > Methodology/Principal Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The technical error estimates derived from the HERITAGE ancillary study apply to the other five exercise studies.
- Rests on an assumption: The six exercise studies are sufficiently comparable to pool for estimating overall prevalence of adverse responses.
- Rests on an assumption: Attrition in the six studies did not bias the prevalence estimates of adverse responses.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All gains in VO2max are significant at p<0.05.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet substantial numbers of subjects with or without medication in these cohorts experienced one or more ARs.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Medication use reported in the cohorts is accurate and does not confound the comparison of adverse response prevalence.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only a small minority of participants (<1%) exhibited ARs for three or more traits.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The six exercise studies are sufficiently comparable to pool for estimating overall prevalence of adverse responses.
- Rests on an assumption: Attrition in the six studies did not bias the prevalence estimates of adverse responses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of ARs appears to be similar at low and high doses of exercise.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“No substantive differences were observed in the prevalence of ARs among the three levels of exercise energy expenditure, which ranged from 4 to 12 kcal/kg of body weight per week.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Numbers of adverse responders reached 12.2% for SBP, 10.4% for TG, and 13.3% for HDL-C.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Based on a maximum of 1687 subjects, the prevalence of an AR reached 8.3% for the changes in FI, 13.3% for the changes in fasting HDL-C, 10.3% for TG, and 12.2% for resting SBP.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Abstract > Methodology/Principal Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The technical error estimates derived from the HERITAGE ancillary study apply to the other five exercise studies.
- Rests on an assumption: The six exercise studies are sufficiently comparable to pool for estimating overall prevalence of adverse responses.
- Rests on an assumption: Attrition in the six studies did not bias the prevalence estimates of adverse responses.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Numbers of adverse responders reached 12.2% for SBP, 10.4% for TG, and 13.3% for HDL-C.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Based on a maximum of 1687 subjects, the prevalence of an AR reached 8.3% for the changes in FI, 13.3% for the changes in fasting HDL-C, 10.3% for TG, and 12.2% for resting SBP.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Abstract > Methodology/Principal Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The technical error estimates derived from the HERITAGE ancillary study apply to the other five exercise studies.
- Rests on an assumption: The six exercise studies are sufficiently comparable to pool for estimating overall prevalence of adverse responses.
- Rests on an assumption: Attrition in the six studies did not bias the prevalence estimates of adverse responses.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of ARs for select risk factors varied from 8.3% for the exercise training-induced changes in FI to 13.3% for the changes in HDL-C, with about 7% of participants experiencing adverse changes in two or more risk factors.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though the presence of ARs was first detected among completers in Blacks and Whites of the HERITAGE Family Study, in which subjects were confirmed to be sedentary at baseline, with a rather healthy profile, the phenomenon was confirmed in five other exercise intervention studies.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 6
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although HERITAGE subjects were apparently healthy and not taking medication for blood pressure, glucose, or lipid anomalies and were exposed to the same exercise program, 6% to 9% of Blacks and Whites experienced ARs for each of the four risk factors, with no substantive differences between the two ethnic groups.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using the above definitions, 126 subjects (8.4%) had an adverse change in FI.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Based on a maximum of 1687 subjects, the prevalence of an AR reached 8.3% for the changes in FI, 13.3% for the changes in fasting HDL-C, 10.3% for TG, and 12.2% for resting SBP.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Abstract > Methodology/Principal Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The technical error estimates derived from the HERITAGE ancillary study apply to the other five exercise studies.
- Rests on an assumption: The six exercise studies are sufficiently comparable to pool for estimating overall prevalence of adverse responses.
- Rests on an assumption: Attrition in the six studies did not bias the prevalence estimates of adverse responses.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean changes induced by the exercise programs were generally in the expected direction (i.e., decreases in FI, TG, and SBP and increases in HDL-C). There were, however, some statistically nonsignificant exceptions to these general trends.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The four risk factors (systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) are valid indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, we did not find any evidence for differences in the prevalence of ARs between Blacks and Whites or between men and women.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the case of FI, the assays were performed only twice, and we used other HERITAGE data plus observations from the literature to develop an estimate of TE for FI (Information S1).”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Methods > Definition of adverse responses
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“There are strong indications from a baseline skeletal muscle gene expression profile and from a genome-wide association study performed on the Whites of HERITAGE that the genetic component of a response trait can be defined in terms of RNA abundance observed in the sedentary state or by specific genomic variants [31], [32], [33].”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] C Bouchard, 2011, Genomic predictors of the maximal O uptake response to standardized exercise training programs., J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] JA Timmons, 2010, Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans., J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [33] T Rankinen, 2012, The heritability of submaximal exercise heart rate response to exercise training is accounted for by nine SNPs., J Appl Physiol source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In fact, the heritability of the changes induced by the exercise program reached about 30% for plasma HDL-C and TG [26] and about 20% to 25% for indicators of insulin metabolism and resting SBP [29], [30].”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] T Rice, 2002, Familial aggregation of blood lipid response to exercise training in the health, risk factors, exercise training, and genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study., Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] P An, 2005, Genome-wide linkage scans for prediabetes phenotypes in response to 20 weeks of endurance exercise training in non-diabetic whites and blacks: the HERITAGE Family Study., Diabetologia source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] T Rice, 2002, Heritability of HR and BP response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study., Med Sci Sports Exerc source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, ARs as defined herein for common cardiometabolic and diabetes risk factors are much more prevalent and become evident with exposure to regular exercise.”
§ Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence? > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Completers of the six exercise studies are representative of sedentary adults generally.
“Approximately 7% of sedentary adults experienced ARs for at least two common cardiometabolic and diabetes risk factors following exposure to regular exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The technical error estimates derived from the HERITAGE ancillary study apply to the other five exercise studies.
“An ancillary study designed to quantify TE for several biological traits was undertaken in HERITAGE.”
“These AR definitions are used in the remainder of this report.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The six exercise studies are sufficiently comparable to pool for estimating overall prevalence of adverse responses.
“Based on a maximum of 1687 subjects, the prevalence of an AR reached 8.3% for the changes in FI, 13.3% for the changes in fasting HDL-C, 10.3% for TG, and 12.2% for resting SBP.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Attrition in the six studies did not bias the prevalence estimates of adverse responses.
“Completers from six exercise studies were used in the present analysis”
The paper relies on this without support.
The four risk factors (systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) are valid indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk.
“with a focus on exercise-induced changes in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting insulin (FI), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Medication use reported in the cohorts is accurate and does not confound the comparison of adverse response prevalence.
“many subjects in DREW, INFLAME, MARYLAND, and STRRIDE were taking medications for high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, or dyslipoproteinemia. Yet substantial numbers of subjects with or without medication in these cohorts experienced one or more ARs.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been previously suggested that for 20% to 25% of participants undertaking an exercise programme there is little to no favourable response (Timmons 2014), while a small percentage (5% to 10%) have adverse events (Bouchard 2012).”
From Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews (2017) · cites this paper as Bouchard 2012
In the citing paper
“7–15% of individuals demonstrated an ‘adverse response’ regarding alterations in systolic blood pressure, as well as in fasting levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin25,26.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, in humans, metabolic non-response or even adverse responses to exercise have been described26.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Fasting-insulin adverse-response prevalence differs
MinorThe abstract reports 8.4% for fasting insulin, while the Results and Table 5 report 8.3% for the same 126 adverse responders.
“126 subjects (8.4%) had an adverse change in FI.”
“| Δ Fasting insulin | 55 | 36 | 12 | 17 | 4 | 2 | 126 | 8.3 |”
Triglyceride adverse-response prevalence differs
MinorThe abstract reports 10.4% for triglycerides, while the Results and Table 5 report 10.3%.
“Numbers of adverse responders reached 12.2% for SBP, 10.4% for TG, and 13.3% for HDL-C.”
“| Δ Triglycerides | 56 | 51 | 9 | 34 | 11 | 11 | 172 | 10.3 |”
Citations
Cites
Individual differences in response to regular physical activity
BOUCHARD, C., & RANKINEN, T. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00013 · Cited by 939 · cited 1×
“This clear finding of the HERITAGE Family Study has been replicated [3,4,5,6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBouchard, C., An, P., Rice, T., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Gagnon, J., Pérusse, L., Leon, A. S., & Rao, D. C. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1003 · Cited by 875 · cited 1×
“Research based on HERITAGE has amply demonstrated that the response pattern to exercise training aggregates in families [25,26,27,28].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Incidence of Primary Cardiac Arrest during Vigorous Exercise
Siscovick, D. S., Weiss, N. S., Fletcher, R. H., & Lasky, T. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198410043111402 · Cited by 838 · cited 1×
“It is important to differentiate between ARs for risk factors for common chronic diseases, as referred to in the present study, from other more acute ARs such as cardiac events related to exertion during an exercise bout [20,21,22], sudden cardiac death during or immediately after exercise typically associated with a…”
BackgroundChurch, T. S., Earnest, C. P., Skinner, J. S., & Blair, S. N. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.19.2081 · Cited by 756 · cited 2×
“This clear finding of the HERITAGE Family Study has been replicated [3,4,5,6].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationThe Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes
Rankinen, T., Bray, M. S., Hagberg, J. M., Përusse, L., Roth, S. M., Wolfarth, B., & Bouchard, C. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000233789.01164.4f · Cited by 734
Self-citationCardiac arrest during long-distance running races
Kim, J. H., Malhotra, R., Chiampas, G., d'Hemecourt, P., Troyanos, C., Cianca, J., Smith, R. N., Wang, T. J., Roberts, W. O., Thompson, P. D., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1106468 · Cited by 597 · cited 1×
“It is important to differentiate between ARs for risk factors for common chronic diseases, as referred to in the present study, from other more acute ARs such as cardiac events related to exertion during an exercise bout [20,21,22], sudden cardiac death during or immediately after exercise typically associated with a…”
BackgroundGenomic predictors of the maximal O2 uptake response to standardized exercise training programs
Bouchard, C., Sarzynski, M. A., Rice, T. K., Kraus, W. E., Church, T. S., Sung, Y. J., Rao, D. C., & Rankinen, T. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00973.2010 · Cited by 422 · cited 1×
“There are strong indications from a baseline skeletal muscle gene expression profile and from a genome-wide association study performed on the Whites of HERITAGE that the genetic component of a response trait can be defined in terms of RNA abundance observed in the sedentary state or by specific genomic variants [31,3…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTimmons, J. A., Knudsen, S., Rankinen, T., Koch, L. G., Sarzynski, M., Jensen, T., Keller, P., Scheele, C., Vollaard, N. B. J., Nielsen, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01295.2009 · Cited by 358 · cited 1×
“There are strong indications from a baseline skeletal muscle gene expression profile and from a genome-wide association study performed on the Whites of HERITAGE that the genetic component of a response trait can be defined in terms of RNA abundance observed in the sedentary state or by specific genomic variants [31,3…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEffects of Exercise Training on Glucose Homeostasis
Boulé, N. G., Weisnagel, S. J., Lakka, T. A., Tremblay, A., Bergman, R. N., Rankinen, T., Leon, A. S., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Rao, D. C., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.1.108 · Cited by 356 · cited 1×
“This clear finding of the HERITAGE Family Study has been replicated [3,4,5,6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe HERITAGE family study. Aims, design, and measurement protocol.
Bouchard, C., Leon, A. S., Rao, D. C., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., & Gagnon, J. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 331
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Sutton, E. R., & Pekovic‐Vaughan, V. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14091132 · Cited by 20
“Additionally, ~7 to 15% of people experience adverse reactions when exercising on a regular basis [259], including increased systolic blood pressure, increased blood levels of triglycerides and insulin, and lower HDL cholesterol [260].”
Wang, Y., Wu, J., Yao, J., Chen, J., Cheng, K. K. Y., Ho, M. Y.-M., Lee, C., Lam, K. S. L., Tse, M. A., Panagiotou, G., et al. (2025) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2025.10.013 · Cited by 16
Gaitán, J. M., WELTMAN, A. L., & Malin, S. K. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2017/8314852 · Cited by 16
“However, there is substantial intersubject variability for glycemic control [6, 7], cardiometabolic health [8, 9], and skeletal muscle hypertrophy [10] in response to lifestyle intervention, despite exercise intensity influencing these fitness-related insulin sensitivity adaptations [11].”
BackgroundAllen, E., Gray, P., Kollias-Pearson, A., Oag, E., Pratt, K., Henderson, J., & Gray, S. R. (2014) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.865254 · Cited by 14
Pescatello, L. S., Schifano, E. D., Ash, G. I., Panza, G. A., Corso, L. M. L., Chen, M., Deshpande, V., Zaleski, A. L., Cılhoroz, B., Farinatti, P., et al. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13510 · Cited by 13
“We and others have found that PEH differs between AF and Caucasians for reasons that are not clear (Headley et al. 1998; Pescatello et al. 2003; Santa-Clara et al. 2003; Bond et al. 2005; Brandon and Elliott-Lloyd 2006; Jones et al. 2006, 2007; Enweze et al. 2007; Yan et al. 2016).”
BackgroundHansen, M., Grothen, J. E. R., Karlsen, A., Martinez, J. M., Sidiropoulos, N., Helge, J. W., Pedersen, T. Å., & Dela, F. (2025) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp288368 · Cited by 12
“…can improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes (Dela et al., 1995; Holten et al., 2004; Krotkiewski et al., 1985), but some patients who engage in exercise may fail to achieve the anticipated improvements in glycaemic control (Bouchard et al., 2012; Stephens & Sparks, 2015).”
Reuter, M., Rosenberger, F., Barz, A., Venhorst, A., Blanz, L., Hecksteden, A., & Meyer, T. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00579-3 · Cited by 16
“A more individualized approach to take the day-to-day biological error and measurement error into account when interpreting and categorizing the response is calculating the technical error of measurement (TEM) and using it as threshold for adaptions [24, 25].”
MethodSmall Sample Sizes Confound Understanding of Cardiometabolic Responses to Exercise
Pescatello, L. S., Corso, L. M. L., MacDonald, H. V., Thompson, P. D., Taylor, B. A., Panza, G. A., Zaleski, A. L., Johnson, B. T., & Chen, M. (2017) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000115 · Cited by 13
Postexercise Hemodynamic Responses in Lean and Obese Men
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Do Changes in Innate Immunity Underlie the Cardiovascular Benefits of Exercise?
Chuong, P., Wysoczynski, M., & Hellmann, J. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00070 · Cited by 13
Comparison of Measures of Maximal and Submaximal Fitness in Response to Exercise
Clarke, J. G., de Lannoy, L., & Ross, R. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001164 · Cited by 14
Delgado‐Floody, P., Soriano‐Maldonado, A., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. A., Román, P. Á. L., Martínez‐Salazar, C., Vargas, C. A., Navarrete, F. C., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., & Álvarez, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.694798 · Cited by 12
Hartman, Y., Hopman, M. T. E., Schreuder, T. H. A., Verheggen, R. J. H. M., Scholten, R. R., Oudegeest‐Sander, M. H., Poelkens, F., Maiorana, A., Naylor, L. H., Willems, P. H. G. M., et al. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13595 · Cited by 12
“Interestingly, heterogeneity is present regarding individual changes in both CV risk factors and physical fitness after training and some subjects may even demonstrate adverse changes to exercise performed at the volume and intensity generally prescribed for public health benefit (Green et al. 1985a; Bouchard et al. 2…”
BackgroundBulğay, C., Čepička, L., Dalıp, M., Yıldırım, S., Ceylan, H. İ., Yılmaz, Ö. Ö., Ulucan, K., Bădicu, G., & Cerit, M. (2023) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00733-0 · Cited by 13
“It is widely accepted that athletic performance improvement has a very high genetic component for complex traits such as endurance, muscle strength, power, speed, agility, recovery rate, and risk of injury [6].”
BackgroundAbe, T., Dankel, S. J., Buckner, S. L., et al. (2018) · Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle · doi:10.14283/jarcp.2018.15 · Cited by 11
Exercise and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertension
MacDonald, H. V., & Pescatello, L. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_8 · Cited by 13
Hautasaari, P., Savić, A. M., Loberg, O., Niskanen, E. I., Kaprio, J. A., Kujala, U. M., & Tarkka, I. M. (2016) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-016-0531-1 · Cited by 11
“There is wide inter-individual variability in known metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to regular physical activity, e.g. in plasma triglycerides, fasting insulin levels and cardiorespiratory fitness levels (Bouchard et al. 2012).”
BackgroundLowry, D. E., Fenwick, P. H., Roke, K., Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Dhaliwal, R., Brauer, P. M., Royall, D., Tremblay, A., Klein, D., & Mutch, D. M. (2018) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000494331 · Cited by 13
VO2peak Response Heterogeneity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: To HIIT or Not to HIIT?
Schlagheck, M. L., Wucherer, A., Rademacher, A., Joisten, N., Proschinger, S., Walzik, D., Bloch, W., Kool, J., Gonzenbach, R. R., Bansi, J., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1481-8639 · Cited by 13
Is Physical Fitness Associated With Health in Overweight and Obese Youth? A Systematic Review
Millard-Stafford, M. L., Becasen, J. S., Beets, M. W., Nihiser, A. J., Lee, S. M., & Fulton, J. E. (2013) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/krj.2.4.233 · Cited by 11
“In that review, adults who improved aerobic fitness (Bouchard et al., 2012) varied in their response related to cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.”
BackgroundMarin‐Couture, É., Moulin, J.-A., Thibault, A.-S., Poirier, P., Després, J., Gallant, A., Lamarre, V., Alméras, N., Lemieux, I., Chabot, C., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276241242013 · Cited by 12
“50 The impact of the DASH diet on weight loss 51,52 66,67 The medication status of COMBI participants, with more than half (6/ 13, 54”
Exercise Physiology: A Review of Established Concepts and Current Questions
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Körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Niess, A. M., & Thiel, A. (2017) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0042-121407 · Cited by 9
“In einer multifaktoriellen Interventionsstudie konnte gezeigt werden: Die trainingsinduzierten günstigen Effekte auf die glykämische Stoffwechsellage, das LDL-Cholesterin und auf inflammatorische Marker werden auch von einer Verbesserung der koronaren Endothelfunk-tion begleitet [30].”
Influentialde Santana, D. A., Castro, A., & Cavaglieri, C. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.759677 · Cited by 10
“In the latter case, such individuals are specifically classified generally as adverse responders since they present responses in opposite direction to a threshold theoretically or empirically determined (Bouchard et al., 2012; Hecksteden et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSantos, D., Katzmarzyk, P., Diego, V., Souza, M. C., Chaves, R. N., Blangero, J., & Maia, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080417 · Cited by 9
“[37] in which some participants, when exposed to regular exercise, ended up having worsened metabolic profiles.”
BackgroundGenetic Variation in Acid Ceramidase Predicts Non-completion of an Exercise Intervention
Lewis, L. S., Huffman, K., Smith, I. J., Donahue, M., Slentz, C., Houmard, J., Hubal, M. J., Hoffman, E., Hauser, E., Siegler, I. C., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00781 · Cited by 10
“In sum, not all individuals respond in a similar— or even in a favourable manner—to an exercise program (Bouchard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCC002/Unc females are mouse models of exercise-induced paradoxical fat response
McMullan, R., Ferris, M. T., Bell, T. A., Menachery, V. D., Baric, R. S., Hua, K., Pomp, D., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., & de Villena, F. P. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13716 · Cited by 10
Tremblay, A., Fogelholm, M., Jalo, E., Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S., Adam, T. C., Huttunen‐Lenz, M., Stratton, G., Lam, T., Handjieva‐Darlenska, T., Handjiev, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.707682 · Cited by 10
“As described above, the relevant scientific literature contains evidence that the inability to reach a given clinical target may be explained by factors which are independent of the willingness of people to be compliant with specific guidelines (2, 3).”
BackgroundPescatello, L. S., Schifano, E. D., Ash, G. I., Panza, G. A., Lamberti, L. M., Chen, M., Deshpande, V., Zaleski, A. L., Farinatti, P., Taylor, B. A., et al. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12992 · Cited by 9
“…significant findings fail to replicate due to a variety of factors that include the lack of standardized protocols, statistical adjustments for multiple comparisons, and adequately powered samples (Bouchard 2011; Bouchard et al. 2012; Ash et al. 2013a; Bruneau et al. 2015; Mattsson et al. 2016).”
BackgroundWeatherwax, R. M., Harris, N. K., Kilding, A. E., & Dalleck, L. C. (2018) · Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.2147/oajsm.s155440 · Cited by 11
“It has been common practice to quantify training responsiveness based on absolute changes, but this method fails to take into consideration biological variability (normal daytoday biological fluctuations) and measurement error of the equipment.(11,14,15) Consequently, currently, there is not a clear consensus on bes…”
Polycystic Ovarian Morphology and Chronic Morbidity and Mortality in PCOS
Kugelman, N., Morris, D. V., Bastrash, M.-P., Feinberg, T., Miconiatis, S., Rehany, J., Tan, S. L., & Dahan, M. H. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.40818 · Cited by 10
Indicators of response to exercise training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ardavani, A., Aziz, H., Phillips, B. E., Doleman, B., Ramzan, I., Mozaffar, B., Atherton, P. J., & IDRIS, I. R. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044676 · Cited by 9
“31 34 If using this nomenclature, one study reported that an estimated 7% of people are described as being adverse responders in at least two parameters, 33 with commonly assessed variables (in addition to VO 2max) including heart rate (HR), lactate threshold (LT) and power output (PO).”
BackgroundMethodHrubeniuk, T. J., B̀ouchard, D. R., Gurd, B. J., & Sénéchal, M. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044478 · Cited by 10
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“…show significant inter-individual variability, with recent studies highlighting the existence of non-responders (NRs) individuals who either fail to exhibit any changes or whose favorable changes in health markers fall below the threshold of individual response in the measured variables [11,12].”
GREEN, D. J., Thomas, H. J., Marsh, C. E., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp287534 · Cited by 8
“This is generally consistent with recent human studies of exercise responsiveness (Bouchard et al., 2012; Green, Eijsvogels, Bouts, et al., 2014) to other physiological variables.”
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Hypertension: Current Consensus and Emerging Research
Pescatello, L. S., MacDonald, H. V., & Johnson, B. T. (2015) · Molecular and translational medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_1 · Cited by 10
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“However, large-scale prospective studies have reported substantial inter52 subject variation in responses to exercise training with some individuals exhibiting 53 minimal to even negative changes in health-related parameters (9).”
BackgroundBecerril-Ángeles, M., Vargas, M. H., Hernández-Pérez, L., et al. (2017) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.24875/ric.17002097 · Cited by 8
“Indoor temperature (°C) 25 (23-29) 24 (15-28) 0.”
Cano-Montoya, J., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Sade-Calles, F., Izquierdo, M., Fritz-Silva, N., Martin, R., & Álvarez, C. (2018) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872018000600693 · Cited by 11
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“While the potent glucoregulatory effects of exercise are unequivocal, the magnitude and direction of change following both acute exercise (16, 23, 24) and exercise training (25, 26) in hyperglycemic individuals vary considerably.”
BackgroundInfluentialNascimento, D. D. C., Neto, I. V. D. S., Saraiva, B., Lima, A. D. S., Navalta, J. W., Pereira, G. B., Willardson, J. M., Beal, F. L. R., & Prestes, J. (2020) · Blood Pressure Monitoring · doi:10.1097/mbp.0000000000000505 · Cited by 8
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“[47] were probably the first investigators to report adverse response in common cardiometabolic variables following a well-controlled exercise program.”
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“Our first ACR definition used threshold criteria similar to those published elsewhere.(2) These included an exercise training-induced increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of $10 mmHg, increase in plasma triglycerides (TG) of .”
Diniz, T. A., Rossi, F. E., Fortaleza, A. C. D. S., Neves, L. M., Christófaro, D. G. D., Buonani, C., Lira, F. S., Campos, E. Z., do Prado, W. L., & Júnior, I. F. F. (2017) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2017-0294 · Cited by 8
Ferreira, M. L. V., Castro, A., Nunes, S. G. D. O., dos Santos, M. V. M. A., Cavaglieri, C. R., Tanaka, H., & Chacon‐Mikahil, M. P. T. (2024) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-024-01721-8 · Cited by 7
“Non-responders were described as individuals who failed to present a decrease greater than one time in the TEM away from zero [20, 31].”
Lixandrão, M. E., Bamman, M. M., Lavin, K. M., Longobardi, I., Telles, G. D., VECHIN, F. C., Damas, F., Drummer, D. J., McAdam, J. S., Costa, L. A. R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00052.2025 · Cited by 7
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“Reasons for this non-adherence are varied; however, one reason relevant to the topic of this systematic review is that there is significant inter-individual variability in the BP response to exercise partially attributed to genetic predispositions that led some to believe exercise does not work as antihypertensive the…”
BackgroundExercise Response Efficiency: A Novel Way to Enhance Population Health?
Pickering, C., & Kiely, J. (2018) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000501206 · Cited by 7
Caru, M., & Curnier, D. Y. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2019.0137 · Cited by 7
“20 In childhood ALL survivors, genetic associations have also been reported between skeletal muscle function deficits and genes involved in muscle and bone metabolism.”
Vanderheyden, W. M., Kehoe, M., Vanini, G., Britton, S. L., & Koch, L. G. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14716 · Cited by 7
“, 2009), largely due to unidentified genotype-environment interactions (Bouchard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSchneiders, L. D. B., Brand, C., Borfe, L., Gaya, A. R., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., Renner, J. D. P., & Reuter, C. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.621055 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Exercise on D-Dimer Levels
Koehler, K. S., & Bottoni, T. (2014) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-13-00384 · Cited by 7
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“Thus, a shift in favor of beneficial health effects, which is <2 TE means the existence of a high probability (12 to 1 odds ratio) that the response to exercise is true [36,37].”
BackgroundMethodThompson, D., Angel, M. D., Nunes, M. A., Gonzalez, J. T., Betts, J. A., & Peacock, O. J. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70079 · Cited by 6
“Heterogeneous responses to the same carefully controlled exercise intervention, and even so-called adverse responses, 30 could be due to heterogeneity in the actual dose that was achieved once the (variable) effects of physical activity substitu-tion have been considered.”
Delgado‐Floody, P., Ríos, L. J. C., Navarrete, F. C., Valdés-Badilla, P., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Monsalves‐Álvarez, M., Núñez-Espinosa, C. A., Castro‐Sepúlveda, M., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Andrade, D. C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.934038 · Cited by 10
“2 % NRs to decreased SBP in a sample of ~1,600 subjects, as was shown by the original authors (Bouchard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFerguson, D. P., Leszczynski, E. C., McPeek, A. C., Pendergrast, L. A., Visker, J. R., & Triplett, A. N. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002620 · Cited by 6
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“This generic method of exercise prescription, however, often results in a wide variability in responses due to the large inter-individual variation in the metabolic responses to exercise training (Bouchard et al., 2012; Scharhag-Rosenberger et al., 2012; Mann et al., 2014).”
MethodThomas, H. J., Marsh, C. E., Maslen, B. A., Lester, L., Naylor, L. H., & GREEN, D. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274082 · Cited by 7
“21 mmol/L [9], 68 subjects yield a power>0.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCano-Montoya, J., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Martínez‐Salazar, C., Sade-Calles, F., Salas-Parada, A., & Álvarez, C. (2016) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872016000200002 · Cited by 6
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“significantly between individuals for reasons that remain to be elucidated (Bouchard & Rankinen, 2001; Hagberg, 2011; Bouchard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialCastro, A., Ferreira, A. G., Catai, A. M., Amaral, M. A. B., Cavaglieri, C. R., & Chacon‐Mikahil, M. P. T. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14090512 · Cited by 5
Response to Three Weeks of Sprint Interval Training Cannot Be Explained by the Exertional Level
Krusnauskas, R., Eimantas, N., Baranauskienė, N., Venckūnas, T., Sniečkus, A., Brazaitis, M., Westerblad, H., & Kamandulis, S. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56080395 · Cited by 5
“Participants were classified into the high- and low-responder groups based on their individual change in average power between the first and last sessions and 2 × TE threshold-based dichotomous classification, as follows [5,18]:”
BackgroundMethodLin, D. W., Potiaumpai, M., Schmitz, K. H., & Sturgeon, K. M. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002539 · Cited by 7
Genetically determined exercise capacity affects systemic glucose response to insulin in rats
Schwarzer, M., Molis, A., Schenkl, C., Schrepper, A., Britton, S. L., Koch, L. G., & Doenst, T. (2021) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00014.2021 · Cited by 6
Gene-exercise interactions in the development of cardiometabolic diseases
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Personalized Nutrition by Predicting Glycemic Responses
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“Other evidence suggested that up to 7% of individuals exposed to standard Western exercise training may experience adverse health outcomes (Bouchard et al., 2012).”
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Physical Activity, Exercise, and Lipids and Lipoproteins
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The Role of Compensatory Adaptations and Individual Variability in Exercise Prescription
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“is a large inter-individual variability in exercise-induced change in VO2peak [16,63,64] and other CVD risk factors [16,17,65].”
Zhang, D., Dong, J., Hou, C., & Wang, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1668326 · Cited by 4
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Augmented limb blood flow during neurovascular stress in physically fit women
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Average and Interindividual Effects to a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program
Tuesta, M., Álvarez, C., Pedemonte, O., Araneda, O., Manríquez-Villarroel, P., Berthelon, P., & Reyes, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010261 · Cited by 4
“On the other hand, it is well known that the same exercise training regime applied to a particular sample could promote a wide interindividual variability to exercise training [14,15].”
BackgroundMethodEffects of Individualized Exercise on Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review
Kim, K.-B., Choe, H., & Sung, H. (2024) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes23020 · Cited by 4
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Personalized Lifestyle Medicine
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Self-citationExercise and Cardiovascular Disease
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“In addition, recent studies have emphasized that a large degree of interindividual difference exists in the responsiveness to exercise training in multiple physiological outcomes (16,17), but little is known regarding sex-specific”
BackgroundExercise, Gene Regulation, and Cardiometabolic Disease
Chapman, M., & Sundberg, C. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_2 · Cited by 3
Prevention Strategies of Lower Limb Muscle Injuries
Afonso, J. R., Fonseca, H., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Olivares-Jabalera, J., & Rocha‐Rodrigues, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65430-6_209-1 · Cited by 3
Mitchell, C., Gaitán, J. M., Pewowaruk, R. J., Gepner, A. D., Hess, T., Wilbrand, S. M., Dempsey, R. J., Dougherty, R. J., Cook, D. B., & Okonkwo, O. C. (2022) · Journal for Vascular Ultrasound · doi:10.1177/15443167221099274 · Cited by 4
Hrubeniuk, T. J., B̀ouchard, D. R., Gurd, B. J., & Sénéchal, M. (2024) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2023-0495 · Cited by 3
Lowry, D. E., Feng, Z. Z., Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Dhaliwal, R., Brauer, P. M., Royall, D., Tremblay, A., Klein, D., & Mutch, D. M. (2019) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2019-0375 · Cited by 3
“Although these interventions are generally successful for alleviating MetS risk, not everyone responds to the same extent (Bouchard et al. 2012; Uysal et al. 2014).”
BackgroundReply to "Precision medicine in the clouds"
Magis, A. T., Earls, J. C., Glusman, G., Omenn, G. S., Lovejoy, J. C., Price, N. D., & Hood, L. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4211 · Cited by 3
Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle During Exercise: Effect of Obesity
Fritzen, A. M., Broskey, N. T., Lundsgaard, A., Dohm, G. L., Houmard, J. A., & Kiens, B. (2022) · Physiology in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9_8 · Cited by 3
Dietary Consumption on Glycemic Control Among Prediabetes: A Review of the Literature
Thipsawat, S. (2023) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608231218189 · Cited by 3
“An additional research investigation revealed that engaging in physical activity, encompassing both aerobic exercises and resistance training, has the potential to enhance glucose tolerance and increase insulin sensitivity among individuals with prediabetes (Bouchard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBergamasco, J. G. A., Scarpelli, M. C., Godwin, J. S., Mesquita, P. H. C., Chaves, T. S., da Silva, D. G., Bittencourt, D., Dias, N. F., Medalha, R. A., Filho, P. C. C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00354.2024 · Cited by 6
Effects of arginine intake during weight training on blood variables
Kim, Y. C., Lee, T.-G., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.2448400.200 · Cited by 2
“Adverse reactions to regular exercise occur, and ways to identify and prevent predictors of such unwarranted responses will help form the basis of individualized exercise prescriptions (Bouchard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMaitland, S. B., Brauer, P. M., Mutch, D. M., Royall, D., Klein, D., Tremblay, A., Rhéaume, C., & Jeejeebhoy, K. N. (2024) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02608-w · Cited by 2
“Gardner et al. have demonstrated weight gain among some weight loss trial participants [53] and Bouchard and others have also documented adverse clinical indicators with exercise [54].”
BackgroundPekola-Kiviniemi, M., Tikkakoski, A., Koskela, J., Tahvanainen, A., Mäkelä, S., Jääskeläinen, M., Mustonen, J. T., & Pörsti, I. H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-02357-5 · Cited by 3
“In some individuals regular and increased physical activity may even adversely affect BP, plasma lipids, and cardiovascular health 6,13 .”
Nascimento, D. D. C., Silva, C. R., Vieira, D. C. L., et al. (2019) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v30i13025 · Cited by 2
Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: A Central Role for Insulin Sensitivity
Schauer, I. E., Regensteiner, J. G., & Reusch, J. E. B. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25057-7_18 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Bouchard, C., Blair, S. N., Church, T. S., Earnest, C. P., Hagberg, J. M., Häkkinen, K., Jenkins, N. T., Karavirta, L., Kraus, W. E., Leon, A. S., Rao, D. C., Sarzynski, M. A., Skinner, J. S., Slentz, C. A., & Rankinen, T.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bouchard, Claude
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-05-30
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e37887
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3364277
- OpenAlex
- W2085568044
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 34.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH T32)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG017474, R01AG015389, NIH T32 AG00068)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL047327, R01HL047317, R01HL057354, R01HL066262, R01HL047323, R01HL045670, R01HL047321)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR048523)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- diabetes risk factors, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, within-person variability, exercise prescription, racial differences, HERITAGE Family Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Basal Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Exercise Therapy, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Metabolism, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Exercise, Epidemiologic Studies
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