The Response of Human Skin Commensal Bacteria as a Reflection of UV Radiation: UV-B Decreases Porphyrin Production
Open accessAbstract
Recent global radiation fears reflect the urgent need for a new modality that can simply determine if people are in a radiation risk of developing cancer and other illnesses. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been thought to be the major risk factor for most skin cancers. Although various biomarkers derived from the responses of human cells have been revealed, detection of these biomarkers is cumbersome, probably requires taking live human tissues, and varies significantly depending on human immune status. Here we hypothesize that the reaction of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a human resident skin commensal, to UV radiation can serve as early surrogate markers for radiation risk because the bacteria are immediately responsive to radiation. In addition, the bacteria can be readily accessible and exposed to the same field of radiation as human body. To test our hypothesis, P. acnes was exposed to UV-B radiation. The production of porphyrins in P. acnes was significantly reduced with increasing doses of UV-B. The porphyrin reduction can be detected in both P. acnes and human skin bacterial isolates. Exposure of UV-B to P. acnes- inoculated mice led to a significant decrease in porphyrin production in a single colony of P. acnes and simultaneously induced the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in the epidermal layers of mouse skin. Mass spectrometric analysis via a linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL showed that five peptides including an internal peptide (THLPTGIVVSCQNER) of a peptide chain release factor 2 (RF2) were oxidized by UV-B. Seven peptides including three internal peptides of 60 kDa chaperonin 1 were de-oxidized by UV-B. When compared to UV-B, gamma radiation also decreased the porphyrin production of P. acnes in a dose-dependent manner, but induced a different signature of protein oxidation/de-oxidation. We highlight that uncovering response of skin microbiome to radiation will facilitate the development of pre-symptomatic diagnosis of radiation risk in a battlefield exposure, nuclear accidents, terrorist attacks, or cancer imaging/therapy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ultraviolet rays directly affect cutaneous propionibacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes by reducing their porphyrin production.
“Porphyrins play a vital role in the function of hemoglobin, ultraviolet rays also directly affect cutaneous propionibacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes by reducing their porphyrin production (Wang et al. 2012).”
From Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review (2024) · cites this paper as Wang et al. 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726 · see citing works
Dermatology in General Medicine.
(1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-923_2 · Cited by 3,806 · see citing works
Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Kong, H. H., Oh, J., Deming, C., Conlan, S., Grice, E. A., Beatson, M. A., Nomicos, E., Polley, E. C., Komarow, H. D., Program, N. C. S., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.131029.111 · Cited by 1,808 · see citing works
Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: A review
Hijnen, W. A. M., Beerendonk, E. F., & Medema, G. J. (2005) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.030 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Protein Oxidation Implicated as the Primary Determinant of Bacterial Radioresistance
Daly, M. J., Gaidamakova, E. K., Matrosova, V. Y., Vasilenko, A., Zhai, M., Leapman, R. D., Lai, B. C. H., Ravel, B., Li, S.-M. W., Kemner, K., et al. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050092 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Skin Microbiome: Looking Back to Move Forward
Kong, H. H., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.417 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
UV-induced DNA damage and melanin content in human skin differing in racial/ethnic origin
Tadokoro, T., Kobayashi, N., Zmudzka, B. Z., Ito, S., Wakamatsu, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Korossy, K. S., Miller, S. A., Beer, J. Z., & Hearing, V. J. (2003) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0865fje · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Nakatsuji, T., Kao, M. C., Fang, J.-Y., Zouboulis, C. C., Zhang, L., Gallo, R. L., & Huang, C.-M. (2009) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2009.93 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Self-citationRelease factors differing in specificity for terminator codons.
Scolnick, E. M., Tompkins, R. K., Caskey, T., & Nirenberg, M. (1968) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.61.2.768 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Skin microbiome: genomics-based insights into the diversity and role of skin microbes
Kong, H. H. (2011) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.01.013 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
The UV response of the skin: a review of the MAPK, NFκB and TNFα signal transduction pathways
Muthusamy, V., & Piva, T. J. (2010) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-009-0994-y · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Craigen, W. J., Cook, R. G., Tate, W. P., & Caskey, C. T. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.11.3616 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Protein oxidation: key to bacterial desiccation resistance?
Fredrickson, J. K., Li, S.-M. W., Gaidamakova, E. K., Matrosova, V. Y., Zhai, M., Sulloway, H. M., Scholten, J. C. M., Brown, M. G., Balkwill, D. L., & Daly, M. J. (2008) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2007.116 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Wolfrum, E. J., Huang, J., Blake, D. M., Maness, P., Huang, Z. Q., Fiest, J., & Jacoby, W. A. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011423j · Cited by 242 · see citing works
In Vitro Bactericidal Effects of 405-nm and 470-nm Blue Light
Guffey, J. S., & Wilborn, J. (2006) · Photomedicine and Laser Surgery · doi:10.1089/pho.2006.24.684 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Infections Caused by Propionibacterium Species
Brook, I., & Frazier, E. H. (1991) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/13.5.819 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Laser-induced autofluorescence for medical diagnosis
Koenig, K., & Schneckenburger, H. (1994) · Journal of Fluorescence · doi:10.1007/bf01876650 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
ALA induced photodynamic effects on Gram positive and negative bacteria
Nitzan, Y., Salmon‐Divon, M., Shporen, E., & Malik, Z. (2004) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b315633h · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Pathak, M. A. (1982) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(82)70117-3 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Regional variations of cutaneous propionibacteria
McGinley, K. J., WEBSTER, G. F., & Leyden, J. J. (1978) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.35.1.62-66.1978 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Aldinger, K. A., Sokoloff, G., Rosenberg, D. M., Palmer, A. A., & Millen, K. J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004729 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Propionibacterium acnes Colonization in Acne and Nonacne
Leyden, J. J., McGinley, K. J., & Vowels, B. R. (1998) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000017868 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Biological consequences of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers
Vink, A. A., & Roza, L. (2001) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00245-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sadaie, Y., Takamatsu, H., Kouji, N., & Yamane, K. (1991) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(91)90110-w · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Microbial Evaluation: 139 Implants Removed from Symptomatic Patients
Ahn, C. Y., Ko, C. Y., Wagar, E. A., Wong, R. S., & Shaw, W. W.-L. (1996) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199612000-00016 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
McGinley, K. J., WEBSTER, G. F., & LEYDEN, J. J. (1980) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06557.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Skin Cancer: New Markers for Better Prevention
Greinert, R. (2009) · Pathobiology · doi:10.1159/000201675 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Nakatsuji, T., Liu, Y.-T., Huang, C.-P., Gallo, R. L., & Huang, C. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001551 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationFluorescence from pilosebaceous follicles
Johnsson, A., Kjeldstad, B., & Mel�, T. B. (1987) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00413256 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Astner, S., & Anderson, R. R. (2004) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.22251.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Nitzan, Y., & Kauffman, M. (1999) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s101030050094 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The photodynamic and non-photodynamic actions of porphyrins
Afonso, S. G., de Salamanca, R. E., & Batlle, A. M. D. C. (1999) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1999000300002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Protein oxidation: role in signalling and detection by mass spectrometry
Spickett, C. M., & Pitt, A. R. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0585-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Yamada, M., Udono, M. U., Hori, M., Hirose, R., Sato, S., Mori, T., & Nikaido, O. (2005) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-005-0618-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
p53 mutations as a marker of skin cancer risk: comparison of UVA and UVB effects
de Gruijl, F. R. (2002) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0625.11.s.1.9.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Higher Pyrimidine Dimer Yields in Skin of Normal Humans with Higher UVB Sensitivity
Freeman, S. E., Gange, R. W., Matzinger, E. A., & Sutherland, B. M. (1986) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12283768 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Tsimikas, S. (2002) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02958-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
EVANS, C. A. (1975) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12540897 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Autogenous suppression of an opal mutation in the gene encoding peptide chain release factor 2.
Kawakami, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8432 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Porphyrin sensitization and intracellular calcium changes in the prokaryote Propionibacterium acnes
Ramstad, S., Futsæther, C. M., & Johnsson, A. (1997) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00039-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of porphyrins in Propionibacterium acnes
Romiti, R., Schaller, M., Jacob, K., & Plewig, G. (2000) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s004030000122 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Youn, S. W., Kim, J., Lee, J. E., Kim, S. O., & Park, K. C. (2009) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00360.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Formation of Protoporphyrin from Coproporphyrinogen in Extracts of Various Bacteria
Jacobs, N. J., Jacobs, J. M., & Brent, P. (1970) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.102.2.398-403.1970 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vâlcu, C., & Schlink, K. (2006) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200500314 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Photodynamic action of red light for treatment of erythrasma: preliminary results
Darras‐Vercambre, S., Carpentier, O., Vincent, P., Bonnevalle, A., & Thomas, P. (2006) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2006.00211.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Miura, Y., Ishige, I., Soejima, N., Suzuki, Y., Uchida, K., Kawana, S., & Eishi, Y. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
α-Crystallin Acting as a Molecular Chaperonin Against Photodamage by UV Irradiation
Js, L., Liao, J., Wu, S., & Chiou, S. (1997) · Journal of Protein Chemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1026305025816 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ramstad, S., Nguyen, A.-V. L., & Johnsson, A. (2005) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b512837d · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kjeldstad, B. (1987) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04782.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Introduction to Environmental Epidemiology
Polańska, K., & Hanke, W. (2015) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19592-14 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kimura, H., Minakami, H., Otsuki, K., & Shoji, A. (2000) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1006/cbir.2000.0513 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
[Lasers in dentistry 2. Diagnosis of dental caries with lasers].
Verdonschot, E. H., & van der Veen, M. H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Jacobs, N. J., Jacobs, J. M., & Sheng, G. S. (1969) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.99.1.37-41.1969 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ultraviolet A Light: Potential Underlying Causes of Melanoma
Tang, M. (2010) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon.10.129 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Melø, T. B., & Reisæter, G. (1986) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C · doi:10.1515/znc-1986-9-1012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Role of superoxide in radiation-killing of Escherichiacoli and in thymine release from thymidine
Lin, W. S., Wong, F. W. S., & Anderson, R. (1987) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(87)90998-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Bacterial Flora of the Forehead and Back of Alaskan Native Villagers in Summer and in Winter
EVANS, C. A., Crook, J. R., & Strom, M. S. (1984) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12260391 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [44]McGinley KJ, Webster GF, Leyden JJ (1978) Regional variations of cutaneous propionibacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 35: 62– 66. 623473 PMC242779
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human Skin Microbiome: Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Skin Microbiota
Skowron, K., Bauza-Kaszewska, J., Kraszewska, Z., Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, N., Grudlewska‐Buda, K., Kwiecińska-Piróg, J., Wałecka-Zacharska, E., Radtke, L., & Gospodarek-Komkowska, E. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030543 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Fournière, M., Latire, T., Souak, D., Feuilloley, M. G. J., & Bedoux, G. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111752 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The Skin Microbiome: Is It Affected by UV-induced Immune Suppression?
Patra, V., Byrne, S. N., & Wolf, P. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01235 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The gut-skin axis: a bi-directional, microbiota-driven relationship with therapeutic potential
Jimenez-Sanchez, M., Celiberto, L. S., Yang, H., Sham, H. P., & Vallance, B. A. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2473524 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review
Verma, A., Zanoletti, A., Kareem, K. Y., Adelodun, B., Kumar, P., Ajibade, F. O., Silva, L. F. O., Phillips, A. J., Kartheeswaran, T., Bontempi, E., et al. (2024) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01649-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The skin microbiome and immune system: Potential target for chemoprevention?
Sherwani, M. A., Tufail, S., Muzaffar, A. F., & Yusuf, N. (2017) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12334 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Interplay Between the Host, the Human Microbiome, and Drug Metabolism
Nichols, R. G., Peters, J. M., & Patterson, A. D. (2019) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-019-0211-9 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Climate change, the cutaneous microbiome and skin disease: Implications for a warming world
Isler, M. F., Coates, S. J., & Boos, M. D. (2023) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.16297 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Shu, M., Kuo, S., Wang, Y., Jiang, Y., Liu, Y.-T., Gallo, R. L., & Huang, C. (2013) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986713804910085 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationSouak, D., Barreau, M., Courtois, A., André, V., Duclairoir Poc, C., Feuilloley, M. G. J., & Gault, M. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9050936 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cramp, R. L., & Franklin, C. E. (2018) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coy035 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: news from microbiota research
Squarzanti, D. F., Zavattaro, E., Pizzimenti, S., Amoruso, A., Savoia, P., & Azzimonti, B. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.1080/1040841x.2020.1794792 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kortekaas Krohn, I., Callewaert, C., Belasri, H., De Pessemier, B., Diez Lopez, C., Mortz, C. G., O'Mahony, L., Pérez‐Gordo, M., Sokolowska, M., Unger, Z., et al. (2024) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.16378 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kao, H.-J., Wang, Y.-H., Keshari, S., Yang, J. J., Simbolon, S., Chen, C., & Huang, C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91386-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzález, S., Aguilera, J. M., Berman, B., Calzavara‐Pinton, P., Gilaberte, Y., Goh, C., Lim, H. W., Schalka, S., Stengel, F. M., Wolf, P., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.790207 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Influence of the Exposome on Skin Cancer
Gracia‐Cazaña, T., González, S., Parrado, C., Juarranz, Á., & Gilaberte, Y. (2020) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2020.04.011 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
La influencia del exposoma en el cáncer de piel
Gracia‐Cazaña, T., González, S., Parrado, C., Juarranz, Á., & Gilaberte, Y. (2020) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.ad.2020.04.008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Behaviour and sun exposure in holidaymakers alters skin microbiota composition and diversity
Willmott, T., Campbell, P. M., Griffiths, C. E. M., O’Connor, C., Bell, M., Watson, R. E. B., McBain, A. J., & Langton, A. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2023.1217635 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
van Mierlo, M. M. F., Totté, J. E. E., Fieten, K. B., van den Broek, T. J., Schuren, F. H. J., Pardo, L. M., & Pasmans, S. G. M. A. (2019) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.13492 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
When human cells meet bacteria: precision medicine for cancers using the microbiota.
Zhang, H., & Sun, L. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gilaberte, Y., Piquero-Casals, J., Schalka, S., Leone, G., Brown, A., Trullàs, C., Jourdan, E., Lim, H. W., Krutmann, J., & Passeron, T. (2024) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.13962 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Liao, R., Parker, T. L., Bellerose, K., Vollmer, D. L., & Han, X. (2022) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics9050096 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Changes in the Skin Microbiome Following Dermatological Procedures: A Scoping Review
Ellis, J. R., Powell, E. J., Tomasovic, L. M., Marcheskie, R. L., Girish, V., Warman, A., & Sivaloganathan, D. M. (2024) · Applied Microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol4020066 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Role of Nutribiotics in Skin Care
Mourelle, M. L., Gómez, C. P., Legido, J. L., & Pereira, L. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14083505 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mercer, S. D., McBain, A. J., & O’Neill, C. A. (2025) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.70142 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gender differences in the fluorescence of human skin in young healthy adults
Morvová, M., Jeczko, P., & Šikurová, L. (2018) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/srt.12471 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Age‐related changes in the bacterial composition of healthy female facial skin in Beijing area
Zhou, J., Mehling, A., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Hu, X., & Song, L. (2024) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12997 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Park, K. Y., Jeong, G. J., Seo, S. J., Kim, M. N., & Rho, N. (2019) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.15806 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Climatic Effect on Atopic Dermatitis Course and Therapeutic Capabilities
Murashkin, N. N., Epishev, R. V., Materikin, A. I., Ambarchyan, E. T., Opryatin, L. A., Ivanov, R. A., & Bakulev, A. L. (2020) · Вопросы современной педиатрии · doi:10.15690/vsp.v19i4s.2144 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mars Dichotomy: Prospects for human life on MarsPreprint
Leal, M. A. L., Tovar, D., Nieves, J. S., Ramírez, M. C., Jiménez, I. R., Leal, M. L., Quiñonez, R. R., Cadena, I. M., Toro, A. Q., Torres, F. R., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31223/x51s5j · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Acne and Environmental Factors
Wei, Z., & Ju, Q. (2021) · Updates in clinical dermatology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68996-4_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exposome involvement in the development of acne vulgaris
Grafanaki, K., Bakoli, D., Maniatis, A., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1779036 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Is There a Connection Between Sun Exposure, Microbiome and Skin Cancer?
Dayan, N. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119593058.ch19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effect of Increased Exposure of UVC Light on Human Skin Microbiota
Moss, T. S. (2016) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi)
Schalka, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00037-1
Barrera, C., & Fuentes, J. L. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1093/femsle/fnad108
Gilda, G., Novia, E., Hendsun, H., Wellen, F., Firmansyah, Y., & Tan, S. T. (2024) · Journal Of Medicine & Health · doi:10.28932/jmh.v6i2.8671
Giza Larruazaleko Mikrobiota: Azal Mikrobiotaren Dinamika Eguzki Irradiaziopean
Fernandez, J. B. M., Alegre, S. A., & Izagirre, N. (2025) · IkerGazte Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz · doi:10.26876/ikergazte.vi.05.04
Effects of solar‐simulated ( UVB plus UVA ) radiation on the skin microbiome: An exploratory study
Dimmers, F., Reichert, D., Wigmann, C., Trullàs, C., Piquero‐Casals, J., Brown, A., Foyaca, M., Esser, C., & Krutmann, J. (2026) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.70078 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The cutaneous microbiome as a dynamic photoprotective interface against solar radiation
Ellis, J. R., Powell, E. J., Tomasovic, L. M., Warman, A., & Chien, A. L.-L. (2026) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-026-00887-z
- Authors
- Wang, Y., Zhu, W., Shu, M., Jiang, Y., Gallo, R. L., Liu, Y.-T., & Huang, C.-M.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yu-Tsueng
- Huang, Chun-Ming
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-10-25
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e47798
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3485044
- OpenAlex
- W2068985515
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI067395, R21AI088147, R01AI083358)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Keywords
- Propionibacterium acnes, UV-B radiation, skin commensal bacteria, radiation biomarkers, skin microbiome, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, protein oxidation, peptide oxidation, RF2, gamma radiation, skin cancer risk, presymptomatic diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasms, Peptides, Porphyrins, Propionibacterium acnes, Skin, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Ultraviolet Rays, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
