Socioeconomic status, hostility, and risk factor clustering in the normative aging study: Any help from the concept of allostatic load?

Kubzansky, Laura D.; Kawachi, Ichiro; Sparrow, David

doi:10.1007/bf02895966

Cited by 196Health disparities and outcomesStress Responses and CortisolResilience and Mental Health

Socioeconomic status, hostility, and risk factor clustering in the normative aging study: Any help from the concept of allostatic load?

Kubzansky, Laura D., Kawachi, Ichiro, Sparrow, David·1999·Annals of Behavioral Medicine

DOI 10.1007/bf02895966

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial vulnerability (hostility), and allostatic load. Allostatic load refers to the cumulative physiological cost of adaptation to stress. METHOD: We examined the relationships between SES (as measured by educational attainment), hostility, and allostatic load in the Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal study of community-dwelling men aged 21 to 80 years and free of known chronic medical conditions at entry in the 1960s. In 1986, the revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was administered by mail, from which a hostility measure was derived by summing the scores from three Cook-Medley subscales: Hostile Affect, Hostile Attribution, Aggressive Responding. An index of allostatic load was constructed from data collected during physical exams conducted between 1987 and 1990 (i.e. measures reflecting "wear and tear" on the cardiovascular, endocrine, and metabolic systems). Cross-sectional relationships between education, hostility, and allostatic load were examined in 818 men. RESULTS: Separate linear regression analyses indicated that lower levels of educational attainment and greater hostility were both associated with higher allostatic load scores (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively). Less education was also associated with higher hostility (p < .001). When allostatic load was regressed simultaneously on education and hostility, the effect of education was attenuated, while hostility (p < .05) maintained an independent effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that lower levels of education and greater hostility are associated with greater "wear and tear" on the body. The effects of education on allostatic load may be mediated by hostility.

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Authors: Kubzansky, L. D., Kawachi, I., & Sparrow, D.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Corresponding author: Kubzansky, Laura D.
ORCID: Kubzansky, Laura D.
Kawachi, Ichiro
Sparrow, David
Venue: Annals of Behavioral Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-12
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 330-338
ISSN: 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
0883-6612
1532-4796
DOI: 10.1007/bf02895966
OpenAlex: W1964214903
Cited by: 196
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
National Institutes of Health (5r01hl054098-03, 2r01ag002287-08a1)
National Institute on Aging (AG 02287)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL54098)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Keywords: socioeconomic status, hostility, allostatic load, educational attainment, psychosocial vulnerability, risk factor clustering, stress adaptation, men, Normative Aging Study
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Catecholamines, Educational Status, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Follow-Up Studies, Hostility, Humans, Lipids, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, MMPI, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, United States, Linear Models

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Socioeconomic status, hostility, and risk factor clustering in the normative aging study: Any help from the concept of allostatic load?

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