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Well-Being and the Risk of Depression under Stress
Open accessAbstract
Improving our ability to accurately predict individual risk for depression would have profound public health benefits. While there has been growing interest in understanding the relation between measures of positive emotion, such as well-being, and depression, it is not clear whether low well-being is an independent predictor of short term depression risk. We assessed whether low well-being is a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Medical internship is a well-established period of stress when levels of depressive symptoms increase dramatically. 1621 individuals beginning medical internship were assessed for well-being, depressive symptoms, and a set of psychological and demographic traits prior to starting internship year and again for depressive symptoms at 3 month intervals during the year. Low subjective well-being significantly predicted increased depression symptom scores during the stress of medical internship and accounted for individual level inter-variability in depression symptom trends across time. Assessing well-being may have utility in predicting future depression risk.
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“as evidence suggests that low levels of wellbeing may increase the risk of experiencing mental ill-health over time [116–118].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [117]
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of psychological well-being are associated with better physical health [15] and buffer against future disorders [16, 65], suggesting that people with higher levels are potentially more resilient [66, 67].”
From Can We Increase Psychological Well-Being? The Effects of Interventions on Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [65]
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Cites
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Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Fisher, K., Gwyther, K., Kocherginsky, M., & Rice, S. M. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00655-8 · Cited by 59
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The Portuguese Adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form for Adult Population
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Self-citationSantini, Z. I., Ekholm, O., Koyanagi, A., Stewart-Brown, S., Meilstrup, C., Nielsen, L., Fusar-Poli, P., Koushede, V., & Thygesen, L. C. (2022) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2022.200233 · Cited by 40
“Generally, these studies have reported that a high level of wellbeing, specifically psychological flourishing (requiring a certain combination of hedonic and eudemonic wellbeing), is inversely associated with CMDs (Doré et al., 2020; Grant et al., 2013; Schotanus-Dijkstra et al., 2016; Keyes et al., 2010).”
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The Prevalence of Mental Ill Health in Elite Counter-Strike Athletes
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Khoury-Malhame, M. E., Malhab, S. B., Chaaya, R., Sfeir, M., & Khoury, S. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1267603 · Cited by 39
“As such, since acting on environmental challenges causing uncertainty, whether viral or political, is beyond the realm of clinicians and public health providers, developing strategies to address psychopathology could improve well-being in unstable societies (61).”
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“A resilient physician workforce has positive implications for the cost of medicine, quality of health care, physician well-being, and amelioration of the burnout phenomenon [2,10].”
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van Agteren, J. E., Iasiello, M. P., & Lo, L. (2018) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-018-4034-x · Cited by 39
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“A low level of subjective well-being is itself a risk factor for unhealthy emotion regulation (Verzeletti et al., 2016) and psychopathology (Grant et al., 2013).”
BackgroundA review of the literature on wellbeing and modifiable dementia risk factors
Willroth, E. C., Pfund, G. N., Rule, P. D., Hill, P. L., John, A., Kyle, K., Hassenstab, J. J., & James, B. D. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102380 · Cited by 31
“2011; Liu et al., 2009; Koivumaa-Honkanen et al., 2004; Koivumaa--Honkanen et al., 2001; Li et al., 2022) and prospectively (Burns et al., 2022; Grant et al., 2013; Green et al., 1992; Keyes et al., 2010; Koivumaa-Honkanen et al., 2004; Wood and Joseph, 2010).”
BackgroundNational identification, a social cure for COVID-19? Evidence from 67 countries
Bonetto, É., Delouvée, S., Mahfud, Y., & Adam‐Troian, J. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640211020036 · Cited by 33
“While well-being is a robust predictor of mental health outcomes (e.g. depression; Grant et al., 2013), it remains nonetheless a correlate and its links with national identification do not necessarily transpose to other mental health constructs (e.g. PTSD, anxiety).”
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“In these studies, depression, which is by definition associated with low levels of well-being [33], is clearly linked to a perceived deceleration of time (for an overview see [34]).”
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“The assessment of well-being has an important practical use to evaluate and prevent depression [61].”
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“Moreover, the observed protective effects of well-being on incident MDD may be explained by its effects on positive psychological functioning, capturing one’s level of positive life satisfaction and a sense of purpose in life [62].”
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“That is, flourishing has been associated with lower prevalence and incidence of depressive (and anxiety) disorders over one-year (Grant, Guille, and Sen 2013; Lamers et al. 2015), three-year (Schotanus-Dijkstra et al. 2016), and 10-year time spans (Keyes, Dhingra, and Simoes 2010).”
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“Anyone under an increased amount of stress can experience a precipitation of depressive symptoms(41), and in the setting of breast cancer, this has been shown to lead to”
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“First longitudinal studies showed that low well‐being could predict the risk of developing a mental disorder (Grant et al., 2013; Koivumaa‐Honkanen et al., 2004; Wood & Joseph, 2010).”
BackgroundPrzybylko, G., Morton, D. P., Morton, J. K., Renfrew, M. E., & Hinze, J. S. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.1897868 · Cited by 25
“These findings are notable as the promotion of flourishing can significantly reduce the prevalence of mental disorders (Grant et al., 2013), as well as provide a buffer against mental illness.”
BackgroundSupporting The Mental Health Of Elite‐Level Coaches Through Early Intervention
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“Finally, well-being at work, underpinned by this network of personal resources, is directly negatively linked to depression [81], which then demonstrates its direct impact on emotional exhaustion and anxiety levels.”
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“We recruited medical interns who were participating in the Intern Health Study, a prospective cohort designed to assess predictors for the development of depressive symptoms during internship, which has been described in detail elsewhere [16,17].”
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“Poor mental wellbeing can be a predictor of future chronic mental illness such as depression [10] and, to a lesser extent, anxiety disorders [11].”
BackgroundLi, Z., Jiang, K., Zhu, Y., Du, H., Im, H., Zhu, Y., Feng, L., Zhu, W., Zhao, G. W., Jia, X., et al. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120690 · Cited by 14
“Medi-cally, happiness has also been documented to correlate with lower mortality rates following disease afflictions (Chida & Steptoe, 2008) and lower incidence rates of psychiatric disorders (Bergersen et al., 2010; Grant et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialProeschold‐Bell, R. J., Molokwu, N. J., Keyes, C. L. M., Sohail, M. M., Eagle, D. E., Parnell, H. E., Kinghorn, W. A., Amanya, C., Vann, V., Madan, I., et al. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.024 · Cited by 14
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Golińska, P. B., Cieślak, M., Hubert, O., & Bidzan, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115542 · Cited by 12
Kloos, N., Kraiss, J. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23574 · Cited by 14
The Effect of Psychological Distress on Measurement Invariance in Measures of Mental Wellbeing
Iasiello, M. P., Muir‐Cochrane, E., van Agteren, J. E., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610072 · Cited by 11
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“Without a shade of doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic and the related containment measures have been identified as traumatic events [9–11] that contributed to generate anxiety and stress, conditions having a well-known, negative effect on overall health and well-being [12], and possibly associated with worse outcomes in ter…”
BackgroundA multimodal study regarding neural correlates of the subjective well-being in healthy individuals
Jung, H.-Y., Pae, C., An, I., Bang, M., Choi, T. K., Cho, S., & Lee, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18013-1 · Cited by 10
“Age (years, mean ± SD) (age range) 36.6 ± 8.86 (20–61) Education (years, mean ± SD) 17.22 ± 2.04 Intracranial volume (ml, mean ± SD) 1529.77 ± 131.3 Religion Existed (n) 31 None (n) 20 Monthly income Above 1800 $USD (n) 49 Below 1800 $USD (n) 2 Marital status Living with partner (n) 29 Living without partner (n) 28 Jo…”
BackgroundInfluentialSanté mentale et maladies mentales des jeunes francophones de 15 à 24 ans
Bouchard, L., Batista, R., & Colman, I. (2018) · Minorités linguistiques et société · doi:10.7202/1043504ar · Cited by 19
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“80) [33] and supporting literature base of clinical relevance [25].”
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“Low subjective wellbeing may significantly predict increased depressive symptoms (15).”
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Still worlds apart: flourishing in people with mental health problems
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Flourishing and the Prioritization of Workplace Elements in General Surgery Residents
Nguyen, E. T., Berler, M. H., Gonzales, P. A., Greenberg, A. L., Lebares, C. C., Divino, C., Choi, J. N., Hrabe, J. E., Shelton, J. S., Foglia, C. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2023.06.039 · Cited by 9
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Academic Stress and Working Memory in Elementary School Students
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“[44] Failure to meet basic human needs among health professionals contributes to dissatisfaction that could lead to limited care, not only to self but also for others, [45] hence compromising the workforce and quality of education and care.”
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The Indonesian Version of the Flourishing Scale: Is it Reliable and Valid for Indonesian People?
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“Moreover, low subjective well-being is considered to signi fi cantly correlate with symptoms of depression (Grant et al., 2013).”
BackgroundFlourishing and occupational depression: a comparison of general and special education teachers
Angelini, G., Schonfeld, I. S., Bianchi, R., & Fiorilli, C. (2024) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/08856257.2024.2334536 · Cited by 8
“Although many studies have examined the association between flourishing and depression (Grant et al. 2013; Lamers et al. 2015; Marijke et al. 2017), flourishing is one of the least investigated teacher resources (Capone and Petrillo 2020).”
Thomas, K., & Bendtsen, M. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/12396 · Cited by 7
“Strong positive mental health is associated with various benefits including decreased risk of disease [6-10], decreased risk of mental illness [11-14], and increased longevity [8,15].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grant, F., Guille, C., & Sen, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sen, Srijan
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-07-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e67395
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3698120
- OpenAlex
- W2059436066
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 10.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH095109, R01MH101459, MH095109)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R25GM055036)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024986)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- subjective well-being, depression risk, depressive symptoms, stress, medical internship, positive emotions, depression prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological
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