Mental Health and/or Mental Illness: A Scoping Review of the Evidence and Implications of the Dual-Continua Model of Mental Health
Open accessAbstract
The dual-continua model of mental health suggests that mental illness and positive mental health reflect distinct continua, rather than the extreme ends of a single spectrum. The aim of this review was to scope the literature surrounding the dual-continua model of mental health, to summarise the evidence, highlight the areas of focus for individual studies and discuss the wider implications of the model. A search was conducted in PsycINFO (n=233), PsycARTICLES (n=25), Scopus (n=137) and PubMed (n=47), after which a snowballing approach was used to scope the remaining literature. The current scoping review identified 83 peer-reviewed empirical articles, including cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention studies, which found overall support for superior explanatory power of dual-continua models of mental health over the traditional bipolar model. These studies were performed in clinical and non-clinical populations, over the entire life-course and in Western and non-Western populations. This review summarised the evidence suggesting that positive mental health and mental illness are two distinct but interrelated domains of mental health; each having shared and unique predictors, influencing each other via complex interrelationships. The results presented here have implications for policy, practice and research for mental health assessment, intervention design, and mental health care design and reform.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Keyes' dual-continua model has been endorsed in an elite sports context and empirically validated across general population studies.
“given this framework has been endorsed in an elite sports context [34, 63, 64] and empirically validated across a range of studies in the general population [32, 65, 66].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [65]
The literature surrounding mental health prevention points to the complexity of assessing risk and protective factors for mental health, echoed in discussions regarding evidence describing mental illness and positive mental health as two interrelated but distinct continua.
“The literature, though, surrounding mental health prevention points to the complexity of assessing risk and protective factors for mental health, which is also echoed in discussions regarding the implications of evidence describing mental illness and positive mental health as two interrelated but distinct continua [20].”
The dual model of mental health posits that mental illness and mental well-being represent two distinct but related dimensions.
“However, the dual model of mental health posits that mental illness and mental well‐being represent two distinct but related dimensions”
From The Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship Between Self‐Compassion and Psychological Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. (2025) · cites this paper as Iasiello et al. 2020
Cites
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554 · see citing works
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575 · see citing works
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847 · see citing works
The structure of psychological well-being revisited.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719 · Cited by 10,285 · see citing works
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
М.Р., Н., & С.И., Б. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,967 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851 · see citing works
Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification
Morrow, C. E. (2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-0624 · Cited by 6,166 · see citing works
The meaning in life questionnaire: assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80 · Cited by 4,843 · see citing works
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218 · Cited by 3,512 · see citing works
Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health
Keyes, C. L. M. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.539 · Cited by 3,357 · see citing works
Keyes, C. L. M. (1998) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2787065 · Cited by 2,924 · see citing works
Estimating the true global burden of mental illness
Vigo, D., Thornicroft, G., & Atun, R. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00505-2 · Cited by 2,494 · see citing works
The challenge of defining wellbeing
Dodge, R., Daly, A., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. (2012) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4 · Cited by 2,166 · see citing works
The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations.
Veit, C. T., & Ware, J. E. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.5.730 · Cited by 1,980 · see citing works
Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect.
Barrett, L. F., & Russell, J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.967 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF)
Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20741 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Mental Illness and Mental Health: The Two Continua Model Across the Lifespan
Westerhof, G. J., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2010) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-009-9082-y · Cited by 1,345 · see citing works
Integrated care: meaning, logic, applications, and implications – a discussion paper
Kodner, D. L., & Spreeuwenberg, C. (2002) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.67 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
The Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers' manual 2015: methodology for JBI scoping reviews
Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C. M., McInerney, P. A., Soares, C. B., Khalil, H., & Parker, D. (2015) · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Evaluation of the mental health continuum–short form (MHC–SF) in setswana‐speaking South Africans
Keyes, C. L. M., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A., & van Rooy, S. (2008) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.572 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice
Lee Duckworth, A., Steen, T. A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144154 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Looking beyond psychopathology: The dual-factor model of mental health in youth
Suldo, S. M., & Shaffer, E. J. (2008) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2008.12087908 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Affective style, psychopathology, and resilience: Brain mechanisms and plasticity.
Davidson, R. J. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.11.1196 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Toward an Integration of Subjective Well-Being and Psychopathology
Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (2001) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1007219227883 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Change in Level of Positive Mental Health as a Predictor of Future Risk of Mental Illness
Keyes, C. L. M., Dhingra, S. S., & Simoes, E. J. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.192245 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Mental illness and well-being: the central importance of positive psychology and recovery approaches
Slade, M. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-26 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Wood, A. M., & Joseph, S. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.032 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Huppert, F. A., & Whittington, J. E. (2003) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910703762879246 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Dimensions of mental health: Life satisfaction, positive affect, anxiety and depression
Headey, B., Kelley, J., & Wearing, A. (1993) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01136197 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Positive Clinical Psychology: A new vision and strategy for integrated research and practice
Wood, A. M., & Tarrier, N. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.003 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Well-being therapy. A novel psychotherapeutic approach for residual symptoms of affective disorders
FAVA, G. A., RAFANELLI, C., CAZZARO, M., CONTI, S., & GRANDI, S. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797006363 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
A dual-factor model of mental health: Toward a more comprehensive understanding of youth functioning
Antaramian, S. P., Huebner, E. S., Hills, K. J., & Valois, R. F. (2010) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01049.x · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Suldo, S., Thalji, A., & Ferron, J. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.536774 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
The effects of daily stress on positive and negative mental health: Mediation through self-efficacy
Schönfeld, P., Brailovskaia, J., Bieda, A., Zhang, X.-C., & Margraf, J. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.08.005 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Massé, R., Poulin, C., Dassa, C., Lambert, J., Bélair, S., & Battaglini, A. (1998) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006992032387 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Statistics without tears: Populations and samples
Ak, B., & Chaudhury, S. (2010) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/0972-6748.77642 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC–SF) as a Measure of Well-Being in the Italian Context
Petrillo, G., Capone, V., Caso, D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2014) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0629-3 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Jeste, D. V., Palmer, B. W., Rettew, D. C., & Boardman, S. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14nr09599 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Exploring the Association Between Well-Being and Psychopathology in Adolescents
Bartels, M., Cacioppo, J. T., van Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2013) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-013-9589-7 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Toward a Science of Mental Health
Keyes, C. L. M. (2009) · The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0009 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Glas, C. A. W., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1015156 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Can the 12-item General Health Questionnaire be used to measure positive mental health?
Hu, Y., Stewart-Brown, S. L., Twigg, L., & Weich, S. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707009993 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Keyes, C. L. M. (2004) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860410001669804 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Well-Being and the Risk of Depression under Stress
Grant, F., Guille, C., & Sen, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067395 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Positive and negative aspects of well-being: Common and specific predictors
Karademas, E. C. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.031 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Lamers, S., Westerhof, G., Kovács, V., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.012 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Abbott, R., Ploubidis, G. B., Huppert, F. A., Kuh, D. J., & Croudace, T. J. (2009) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9506-x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Mental Health, Mental Illness, and Psychological Distress: Same Continuum or Distinct Phenomena?∗
Payton, A. R. (2009) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650905000207 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The Polish adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF)
Karaś, D., Cieciuch, J., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.011 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Weich, S., Brugha, T., King, M., McManus, S., Bebbington, P., Jenkins, R., Cooper, C., McBride, O., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.091496 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Renshaw, T. L., & Cohen, A. S. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0342-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Dowdy, E. T., Furlong, M. J., Raines, T. C., Bovery, B. L., Kauffman, B., Kamphaus, R. W., Dever, B. V., Price, M., & Murdock, J. (2014) · Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation · doi:10.1080/10474412.2014.929951 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., ten Have, M., Lamers, S. M. A., de Graaf, R., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckw202 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Conceptualizing High School Students' Mental Health Through a Dual-Factor Model
Suldo, S. M., Thalji, A., Kiefer, S. M., & Ferron, J. M. (2016) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr45-4.434-457 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Franken, K., Lamers, S. M. A., ten Klooster, P. M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Westerhof, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22659 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Positive mental health as a predictor of recovery from mental illness
Iasiello, M., van Agteren, J., Keyes, C. L. M., & Cochrane, E. M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.065 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationTrompetter, H. R., Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Fledderus, M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.008 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Positive mental health and mental illness.
Gilmour, H. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Heubeck, B. G., & Neill, J. T. (2000) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2000.87.2.431 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Perugini, M. L. L., de la Iglesia, G., Solano, A. C., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2017) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v13i1.1163 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Applicability of the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health for College Students
Eklund, K. R., Dowdy, E. T., Jones, C. N., & Furlong, M. J. (2010) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2011.532677 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Causal and mediating factors for anxiety, depression and well-being
Kinderman, P., Tai, S., Pontin, E. E., Schwannauer, M., Jarman, I. H., & Lisboa, P. J. G. (2015) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.147553 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Use of the terms "Wellbeing" and "Quality of Life" in health sciences: a conceptual framework
Salvador‐Carulla, L., Lucas, R., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., & Miret, M. (2014) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4321/s0213-61632014000100005 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Assessing Psychological Symptoms and Well-Being
Antaramian, S. P. (2014) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282914557727 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health
Lyons, M. D., Huebner, E. S., Hills, K. J., & Shinkareva, S. V. (2012) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573512443669 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Lamers, S. M. A., & Fledderus, M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.014 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The independence of positive and negative affect depends on the affect measure
Egloff, B. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00105-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Did curiosity kill the cat? Evidence from subjective well-being in adolescents
Jovanović, V., & Brdarić, D. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.043 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Jans-Beken, L., Lataster, J., Peels, D. A., Lechner, L., & Jacobs, N. (2017) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9893-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kelly, R. M., Hills, K. J., Huebner, E. S., & McQuillin, S. D. (2012) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573512458505 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mental Health and Educational Experiences Among Black Youth: A Latent Class Analysis
Rose, T., Lindsey, M. A., Xiao, Y., Finigan‐Carr, N., & Joe, S. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0723-3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Assessing psychological health: the contribution of psychological strengths
Macaskill, A., & Denovan, A. (2014) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2014.898739 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lim, Y.-J. (2014) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282913511431 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Positive versus negative mental health in emerging adulthood: a national cross-sectional survey
Winzer, R., Lindblad, F., Sorjonen, K., & Lindberg, L. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1238 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Positive and negative mental health across the lifespan: A cross-cultural comparison
Schönfeld, P., Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2017) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.06.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of School-Related Outcomes
Lyons, M. D., Huebner, E. S., & Hills, K. J. (2012) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0161-2 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Measurement of Adolescent Psychological Health: One or Two Dimensions?
Wilkinson, R. B., & Walford, W. A. (1998) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1022848001938 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mental Health of Coresident Family Caregivers Examination of a Two-Factor Model
Pruchno, R. A., Peters, N. D., & Burant, C. J. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/50b.5.p247 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Mental health for Canadians: striking a balance.
(1988) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Venning, A., Wilson, A., Kettler, L. J., & Eliott, J. (2012) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00068.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The State of Wellbeing Science
Huppert, F. (2014) · Well Being · doi:10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell036 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Magalhães, E., & Calheiros, M. M. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.041 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Seow, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Abdin, E., Sambasivam, R., Jeyagurunathan, A., Pang, S., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.021 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Psychological well‐being in out‐patients with eating disorders: A controlled study
Tomba, E., Offidani, E., Tecuta, L., Schumann, R., & Ballardini, D. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22197 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Longitudinal study of a dual-factor model of mental health in Chinese youth
Xiong, J., Qin, Y., Gao, M., & Hai, M. (2017) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034317689970 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Teismann, T., Brailovskaia, J., Siegmann, P., Nyhuis, P. W., Wolter, M., & Willutzki, U. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.085 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fuller‐Thomson, E., Agbeyaka, S., LaFond, D. M., & Bern‐Klug, M. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.041 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pruchno, R. A., Patrick, J., & Burant, C. J. (1996) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/51b.6.s284 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kim, E. K., Furlong, M. J., Dowdy, E. T., & Felix, E. D. (2014) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573514529567 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health in Youth
Doll, B. J. (2008) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2008.12087909 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Shaffer‐Hudkins, E., Suldo, S. M., Loker, T. N., & March, A. L. (2010) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-010-9105-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Anxious or Depressed and Still Happy?
Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Giltay, E. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139912 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Renshaw, T. L., Eklund, K. R., Bolognino, S. J., & Adodo, I. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9558-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Plooy, D., Lyons, A., & Kashima, E. S. (2018) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-018-9961-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Curious Neglect of High Functioning After Psychopathology: The Case of Depression
Rottenberg, J., Devendorf, A. R., Kashdan, T. B., & Disabato, D. J. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618769868 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Macaskill, A. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.702783 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Baiden, P., & Fuller‐Thomson, E. (2016) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12230 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bariola, E., Lyons, A., & Lucke, J. C. (2016) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000210 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Furlong, M. J., Fullchange, A., & Dowdy, E. (2017) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/spq0000168 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Smith, G. C. (1996) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.11.2.353 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kip, R. M. V. E. T., & Hutschemaekers, G. J. M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22621 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Relationship of Mental Health and Illness in Substance Abuse Patients
Alterman, A., Cacciola, J., Ivey, M. A., Coviello, D. M., Lynch, K., Dugosh, K. L., & Habing, B. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.022 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Positive Psychology and Mexican American College Students’ Subjective Well-Being and Depression
Vela, J. C., Lu, M.-T., Lenz, A. S., Savage, M. C., & Guardiola, R. (2016) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/0739986316651618 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Complete mental health in adult siblings of those with a chronic illness or disability
Hallion, M., Taylor, A. M., & Roberts, R. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1251500 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
THE ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH
Eaton, J. W. (1951) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.108.2.81 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
FONTANA, A. F., Marcus, J. L., DOWDS, B. N., & Hughes, L. A. (1980) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198003000-00005 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jiang, N., & Lü, N. (2018) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2018.1470589 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A Bipolar Happiness and Depression Scale
Joseph, S., & McCollam, P. (1993) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.1993.9914727 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mental Health: A Secondary Concept to Mental Illness
Herron, S., & Trent, D. R. (2000) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/17465729200000014 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Two‐dimensional mental health and related predictors among adolescents in Korea
Yoo, C., & Kahng, S. K. (2019) · Asian Social Work and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/aswp.12157 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Peter, T. (2017) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1364557 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Complete Mental Health and Suicide Resilience among University Students in South Korea
Kim, S. (2017) · Information · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Olszewski, J. K. (2012) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Olszewski, J. K. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Antaramian, S. P. (2010) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
11-M Victims 3 Years After Madrid Terrorist Attacks: Looking for Health Beyond Trauma
Díaz, D., Stavraki, M., Blanco, A., & Bajo, M. (2017) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9842-x
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 118 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Lo, L., Bartholomaeus, J., Kopsaftis, Z., Carey, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Self-citationThe mental health of student-athletes: a systematic scoping review
Kegelaers, J. J., Wylleman, P., Defruyt, S., Praet, L., Stambulova, N. B., Torregrossa, M., Kenttä, G., & Brandt, K. D. (2022) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2022.2095657 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“This model has strong empirical support (Iasiello et al., 2020) and has emerged as a leading framework to study MH among athlete populations (Kuettel & Larsen, 2020; Perry et al., 2021).”
Pasanen, T., White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., van den Bosch, M. A., Bratman, G. N., Ojala, A., Korpela, K., & Fleming, L. E. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116324 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Inglis, G., Jenkins, P., McHardy, F., Sosu, E., & Wilson, C. (2022) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2677 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
van Agteren, J., Bartholomaeus, J., Fassnacht, D. B., Iasiello, M., Ali, K., Lo, L., & Kyrios, M. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/20696 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Harnessing internet-based innovations in mental health service provision can stimulate wider mental health reform and help strengthen services for the entire population, regardless of the presence of (severe) mental disorders [43].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMental Health and Mental Illness in Organizations: A Review, Comparison, and Extension
Rosado-Solomon, E., Koopmann, J. M., Lee, W., & Cronin, M. A. (2023) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2021.0211 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Oswald, T. K., Rumbold, A. R., Kedzior, S. G. E., Kohler, M. J., & Moore, V. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115630 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Citation: Oswald, T.K.; Rumbold, A.R.; Kedzior, S.G.E.; Kohler, M.; Moore, V.M. Mental Health of Young Australians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Roles of Employment Precarity, Screen Time, and Contact with Nature.”
BackgroundInfluentialLogan, A. C., Berman, B., & Prescott, S. L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20065065 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Recent research suggests that positive mental health and mental illness are two distinct but interconnected domains of mental health, each with unique and common predictors that influence each other in complex ways [12].”
BackgroundLi, J., Li, Y., Hu, Y., Ma, C. F., Mei, X., Chan, E. A., & Yorke, J. (2025) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70059 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review
Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Fisher, K., Gwyther, K., Kocherginsky, M., & Rice, S. M. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00655-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…the present review employed Keyes’ [28, 29] dual-continua model of mental health to guide the classification of results, given this framework has been endorsed in an elite sports context [34, 63, 64] and empirically validated across a range of studies in the general population [32, 65, 66].”
MethodPetersen, K. J., Humphrey, N., & Qualter, P. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01550-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Finally, empirical support for the dual-factor approach has been found in a range of study designs (e.g., cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies), in clinical and nonclinical samples, in Western and non-Western populations, and across the lifespan (Iasiello et al., 2020).”
BackgroundImpact of Job Insecurity on Psychological Well- and Ill-Being among High Performance Coaches
Bentzen, M., Kenttä, G., Richter, A., & Lemyre, P.-N. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17196939 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“More specifically, mental health, as something distinctly separate from mental illness, could be viewed as a continuum from having low positive mental health to high positive mental health [20,21].”
BackgroundKraiss, J. T., Kohlhoff, M., & ten Klooster, P. M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02942-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
From ill-being to well-being: Bipolar or bivariate?
Zhao, M., & Tay, L. (2022) · Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2022.2109204 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Stephens, J. M., Iasiello, M. P., Ali, K., van Agteren, J. E., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13050436 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“For example, studies aiming to validate the existence of subgroups within the dual-continua model can use descriptors, cut offs, and terminology that varies depending on the theoretical background chosen by the authors [16].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationThe Prevalence of Mental Ill Health in Elite Counter-Strike Athletes
Birch, P. D. J., Smith, M. J., Arumuham, A., de Gortari, A. B. O., & Sharpe, B. T. (2024) · Journal of Electronic Gaming and Esports · doi:10.1123/jege.2024-0006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hill, D. M., Brown, G., Lambert, T.-L., Mackintosh, K. A., Knight, C. J., & Gorczynski, P. F. (2021) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/spy0000263 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Furber, G., Woodyatt, L., Howard, A., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648678 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Agteren, J. E., Woodyatt, L., Iasiello, M. P., Rayner, J., & Kyrios, M. (2019) · Student Success · doi:10.5204/ssj.v10i3.1411 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationFassnacht, D. B., Ali, K., van Agteren, J. E., Iasiello, M. P., Mavrangelos, T., Furber, G., & Kyrios, M. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/37292 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Specifically, such interventions promote mental well-being, which in turn can prevent the occurrence of mental illness as well as address symptoms of distress in early stages of common mental disorders (eg, depression and anxiety) [21,33,34].”
Self-citationSoltan, F., Cristofalo, D., Marshall, D. C., Purgato, M., Taddese, H. B., Vanderbloemen, L., Barbui, C., & Uphoff, E. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013657.pub2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mendoza, N. B., King, R. B., & Haw, J. Y. (2023) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2023.2226846 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Brooks, H. L., Windfuhr, K. L., Irmansyah, Prawira, B., Putriningtyas, D. A. D., Lovell, K., Bangun, S. R., Syarif, A. K., Manik, C. G., Tanjun, I. S., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263232 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The CSM is underpinned by the dynamic nature of illness perceptions which are consid- ered responsive to changing circumstances and personal experiences [20] Whilst limited in nature, the study identified some important and nuanced differences in the views of those with and without experience of mental illness within…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKocjan, G. Z., Avsec, A., & Kavčič, T. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116546 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mental health management in healthcare organizations: Challenges and strategies - a review
Abdul, S., Adeghe, E. P., Adegoke, B. O., Adegoke, A. A., & Udedeh, E. H. (2024) · International Medical Science Research Journal · doi:10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1157 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Petersen, K. J., Qualter, P., Humphrey, N., Damsgaard, M. T., & Madsen, K. R. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02677-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Consistent with contemporary ‘ dual-factor ’ or ‘ dual-continua ’ perspectives on mental health (e.g., Iasiello & Van Agteren, 2020; Wang et al., 2011), which consider both psychopathology and mental wellbeing to be important and distinct aspects of mental health, we investigated how perceived…”
BackgroundTejada‐Gallardo, C., Blasco‐Belled, A., & Alsinet, C. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12363 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Petrovic, J., Mettler, J., Cho, S., & Heath, N. L. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102433 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zbukvic, I., McKay, S., Cooke, S., Anderson, R., Pilkington, V., McGillivray, L., Bailey, A. P., Purcell, R., & Tye, M. (2023) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-023-00211-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The dual continua model suggests that positive mental health and mental ill-health operate on two spectrums rather than a single continuum (Iasiello et al., 2020).”
Black, L., Panayiotou, M., & Humphrey, N. (2022) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12125 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…often been a tendency to focus on diagnosis (Costello, 2015), while many have suggested attention is needed to a broader set of domains, particularly when considering early identification in general population samples (Bartels et al., 2013; Greenspoon & Saklofske, 2001; Iasiello & Agteren, 2020).”
BackgroundMarquez, J., Humphrey, N., Black, L., Cutts, M., & Khanna, D. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16992-y · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Finally, the complete state approach (also known as the dual factor/ continuua or complete mental health model) focuses on the balance between mental wellbeing and symptoms of distress, emphasizing the presence of positive states and absence of symptoms [15].”
Backgroundvan Agteren, J. E., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Iasiello, M. P., Furber, G., Howard, A., Woodyatt, L., Musker, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28044 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Results here show though, that in order to meet this aspirational international standard, it is critical to systematically measure both outcomes of well-being as well as psychological distress when assessing the impact of psychological interventions in research and practice [27].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationLiu, F., Chui, H. T., & Chung, M. C. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02130-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Concerto, C., Rodolico, A., Rosa, V. L. L., Aiello, B., Martinez, M., Stuto, S., Infortuna, C., Fusar‐Poli, L., Signorelli, M. S., Commodari, E., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315814 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Therefore, the Keyes’s model supported our research hypotheses and further reinforced previous results indicating that positive mental health is associated with lack of psychological comorbidities and a better productivity [41].”
ResultRutter, T., Hastings, R. P., Murray, C. A., Enoch, N., Johnson, S., & Stinton, C. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102426 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Increasing attention to positive elements of parental wellbeing aligns with the positive psychology movement which highlights that the absence of symptoms of mental ill health is not equivalent to psychological wellbeing (Iasiello et al., 2020; Kramer, 1997).”
Supporting Mental Health in Youth Sport: Introducing a Toolkit for Coaches, Clubs, and Organisations
Walton, C. C., Carberry, S., Wilson, M., Purcell, R., OLIVE, L. S., Vella, S. A., & Rice, S. (2021) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2021-0042 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Measuring Population Mental Health
OECD (2023) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/5171eef8-en · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Keyes, C. L. M., Sohail, M. M., Molokwu, N. J., Parnell, H. E., Amanya, C., Kaza, V. G. K., Saddo, Y. B., Vann, V., Tzudier, S., & Proeschold‐Bell, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00293-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Tang, D., Mair, C. A., & Hu, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142036 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Although, many options for negative and positive indicators are found in studies based on DFM theory, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction are the most commonly used variables (Keyes, 2007; Iasiello et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAppiah, R. (2022) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100931 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Khumalo, I. P., Appiah, R., & Fadiji, A. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885278 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Armaou, M., Pears, M., Konstantinidis, S. T., & Blake, H. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21030375 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…surrounding mental health prevention points to the complexity of assessing risk and protective factors for mental health, which is also echoed in discussions regarding the implications of evidence describing mental illness and positive mental health as two interrelated but distinct continua [20].”
BackgroundSolhaug, A. K., Oppedal, B., Røysamb, E., & Calam, R. M. (2024) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00579-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“To understand mental health status in the population, we need knowledge and assessment about both illbeing and wellbeing (Iasiello & Van Agteren, 2020).”
BackgroundAznar, M. P. M., del Pino, M. J., Pérez, J. M. B., & Hernández-Lorenzo, D. E. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10140-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Therapieziel Wohlbefinden – Ressourcen aktivieren in der Psychotherapie
Schürmann‐Vengels, J. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000668 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Liebherr, M., Heyder, A., Brailovskaia, J., Burkardt, T. M., Latrouite, C., Montag, C., & Antons, S. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“However, building on the conceptualization of mental health and psychopathology (Iasiello & van Agteren, 2020; Suldo & Shaffer, 2008), we argue that functional digital media use extends beyond merely avoiding negative effects.”
Soler, J., Casellas‐Pujol, E., Pascual, J. C., Schmidt, C., Domínguez‐Clavé, E., Cebolla, A., Morón, D. A., Muro, A., & Elices, M. (2022) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-022-00204-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Good mental health involves several domains, including meaningful living, the establishment of significant relationships and self-management strategies [27, 43, 46].”
BackgroundSecular trends in mental health profiles among 15-year-olds in Sweden between 2002 and 2018
Eriksson, C. C.-G., & Stattin, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1015509 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Black, L., Humphrey, N., Panayiotou, M., & Marquez, J. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231158623 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Beyond scoring and sex/age comparisons, there is a need to understand the empirical similarity of measures given the fact different domains are sometimes used interchangeably (e.g., Fuhrmann et al., 2021; Orben & Przybylski, 2019), or additively (Iasiello & Agteren, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Benefits of Work: A Meta-analysis of the Latent Deprivation and Agency Restriction Models
Aitken, J. A., Cannon, J. A., Kaplan, S. A., & Kim, H. (2023) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-023-09920-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Psychological distress reflects ill psychological health while life satisfaction indicates the presence of psychological health (see Iasiello et al., 2020).”
Li, J., Kaltiainen, J., & Hakanen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1020494 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Well-being and ill-being on campus
Morrison, P. S., Liu, I., & Zeng, D. (2023) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v13i3.2785 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“reviewed 24 articles between Jan 1990 to Oct 2010 that met their inclusion criteria (Iasiello and Agteren, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialde Lima, E. S., Preece, C., Potter, K., Goddard, E., Edbrooke-Childs, J., Hobbs, T., & Fonagy, P. (2023) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-023-00510-w · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“This approach underpins the assertion that mental disorders and mental wellbeing are two separate yet interconnected domains, influencing one another through intricate interrelationships [3].”
BackgroundBaetens, I., Hove, L. V., Azadfar, Z., Heel, M. V., & Soyez, V. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13071852 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This brings significant potential for intervention development [68].”
BackgroundMan, D., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2025.2517304 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Synthesis of well-being research has provided evidence for the dual-continua model and shown that mental well-being could co-exist with mental illness (Iasiello, van Agteren, and Cochrane 2020).”
InfluentialLifestyle challenges and mental health of professional tennis players: an exploratory case study
Shrom, S. J., Cumming, J., & Fenton, S. (2022) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2022.2099947 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The model provides a holistic understanding of mental health (Iasiello & Agteren, 2020; Uphill et al., 2016) by concep-tualising fl ourishing (i.e., high levels of mental health) as being made up of three distinct types of wellbeing (i.e., emotional, psychological, and social), as well as…”
MethodMental-health profiling with person-centred analysis: A study of adolescents in Sweden
Eriksson, C. C.-G., & Stattin, H. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948231158850 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The magnitude of this correlation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating that psychological distress and well-being are related but still distinct domains in mental health [5,20].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialScutt, K., Ali, K., Rieger, E., Monaghan, C., Ford, R., Fabry, E., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12439 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hermann, V., Söderqvist, F., Karlsson, A., Sarkadi, A., & Durbeej, N. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299225 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hayas, C. L., Mateo‐Abad, M., Vergara, I., Izco-Basurko, I., González-Pinto, A. M., Gabrielli, S., Mazur, I., Hjemdal, O., Guðmundsdóttir, D. G., Knoop, H. H., et al. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02156-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Its validity has been supported by a considerable body of empirical research [10].”
BackgroundAlbaum, C. S., Chan, V., Sellitto, T., Vashi, N., Hastings, R. P., & Weiss, J. A. (2021) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2021.08.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Animal psychotherapist: The potential impacts of animal-based tourism on mental health
Lin, G., & Li, M. (2024) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2024.104959 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Beware of the blues: Wellbeing of coaches and support staff throughout the Olympic Games
DeWolfe, C. E. J., & Dithurbide, L. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221116880 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Consistent with the dual continua model of mental health, these wellbeing factors, although related to mental illness, are distinct from the absence of mental illness.(21,22) A secondary aim of this study was to identify potential supports for the wellbeing of coaches and support staff throughout the Olympic Games.”
BackgroundThom, J., Walther, L., Eicher, S., Hölling, H., Junker, S., Peitz, D., Wilhelm, J., & Mauz, E. (2023) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-023-03678-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wang, J., Drossaert, C. H. C., Knevel, M., Chen, L., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Schroevers, M. J. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70090 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
van Wezel, M. M. C., Muusse, C., van de Mheen, D., Wijnen, B. F. M., den Hollander, W., & Kroon, H. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05293-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In the ‘90s, recovery in the context of mental health care has been re-defined as the process of learning how to live a meaningful life despite one’s vulnerabilities [1, 2], moving beyond the narrow-minded definition focusing on reducing clinical symptoms alone [3, 4].”
BackgroundComparing the mental health and wellbeing of domestic and international tertiary students
Xiong, W., Radünz, M., Ali, K., King, D. L., Kyrios, M., Zhao, Y., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2024) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/jis.v14i4.6647 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The diversity of well-being indicators: a latent profile analysis
Horton, C. J., Walsh, L. C., Rodriguez, A., & Kaufman, V. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1304074 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kegelaers, J. J., Wylleman, P., Kenttä, G., Vitali, F., Erpič, S. C., Regüela, S., Teller, C., & Brandt, K. D. (2024) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2024.2334283 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Recent evidence has provided strong support for such a dual-continuum conceptualization (Iasiello et al., 2020).”
A dual-continuum framework to evaluate climate change impacts on mental health
Vergunst, F., Smith, R. W., Massazza, A., Berry, H. L., & Olff, M. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00326-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“A large body of empirical work supports the distinction between the pathogenic and salutogenic domains of the dual-continuum model 16,20 .”
InfluentialCurelaru, M., & Curelaru, V. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15010026 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Formal Elements of Art Products Indicate Aspects of Mental Health
Pénzes, I., van Hooren, S., Dokter, D., & Hutschemaekers, G. J. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572700 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bennett, R. J., Donaldson, S., Mansourian, Y., Olaithe, M., Kelsall-Foreman, I., Badcock, J. C., & Eikelboom, R. H. (2021) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2021_aja-21-00048 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Solhaug, A. K., Røysamb, E., & Oppedal, B. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00595-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being
Tamnes, C. K., Bekkhus, M., Eilertsen, M., Nes, R. B., Prydz, M. B., Ystrøm, E., Aksnes, E. R., Andersen, S. N., Ask, H., Ayorech, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02319-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…using self-report scales or clinical interviews of patients with mental illness largely support the dual-continuum model of ill-being and well-being, results from the few studies with patients with severe mental illness instead indicate that these constructs are highly negatively correlated 22 .”
de Krijger, E., Willems, R., ten Klooster, P., Bakker, E., Miedema, H., Drossaert, C., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895850 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mental health in athletes: Does authentic leadership matter?
Kavussanu, M., Zhang, S., Tang, Q., Cumming, J., & Mackman, T. (2024) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102617 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Assessing well-being in clinical research and treatment
Goodman, F. R. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00381-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The presence of a mental illness does not indicate which components of well-being are impaired, neither does the absence of mental illness mean well-being will be high 19–21 .”
Ivarsson, A., McCall, A., Mutch, S., Giuliani, A., Bassetto, R., & Fanchini, M. (2021) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2021.1962540 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…and well-being (e.g., happiness, satisfaction with life, purpose in life, optimism, personal growth, autonomy, positive affects, negative affects) (Giles et al., 2020, Iasiello et al., 2020, Ryff and Keyes, 1995), while separate phenomena are, nevertheless, closely related (Diener et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Psychological Distress on Measurement Invariance in Measures of Mental Wellbeing
Iasiello, M. P., Muir‐Cochrane, E., van Agteren, J. E., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610072 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This finding has since been reproduced and replicated in more than 80 studies from around the world, using diverse assessment methods, various study methodologies, cultures, population types, and has been tested in different languages [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBlasco‐Belled, A. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03598-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This practice can impose a limitation to understanding how mental health develops because psychological interventions can differently influence positive and/or negative indicators (Iasiello et al., 2020; Trompetter et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLiu, Y.-H., Beauparlant, E. T., Ueda, M., & Yu, Q.-Y. (2025) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12564 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cleofas, J. V. (2023) · International Social Science Journal · doi:10.1111/issj.12459 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Impact of Higher Education on Health Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from China
Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., & Yan, C. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152416644 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Soltan, F., Uphoff, E., Newson, R. B., Purgato, M., Taddese, H. B., Barbui, C., & Vanderbloemen, L. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013657 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stephens, J. M., Sgherza, T. R., DeMarree, K. G., & Naragon‐Gainey, K. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119432 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Specifically, structural analyses indicate that wellbeing and distress load on two distinct factors (Iasiello et al., 2020).”
InfluentialCraig, F., Colella, G. M., Tenuta, F., Mauti, M., Gravina, A., Calomino, M. L., Plastina, R., Polito, A., & Costabile, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1602009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Eriksson, C. C.-G., & Stattin, H. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19822-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Post, D., van Agteren, J. E., Kasai, D., Barrett, A., Doyle, M., Kernot, J., Baker, A., & Parfitt, G. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13449 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Parkinson, A., Mullan, B. A., Bebbington, K. R., Davis, E. A., Treadgold, C., & Finlay‐jones, A. L. (2023) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2023.2274539 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The decision to utilise measures of both positive and negative mental health was informed by positive psychology theory and the dual factor model of mental health, which suggests that positive mental health and mental illness are distinct but interrelated domains (Iasiello & Van Agteren, 2020).”
MethodLi, J., Kaltiainen, J., & Hakanen, J. (2025) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-025-10037-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Recent literature on psychological well-being highlights the dual continua perspective, where health and illness are operationalized as separate dimensions (Iasiello et al., 2020; Keyes, 2005).”
From surviving to thriving: How sleep, physical activity, and diet shape well-being in young adults
Cooper, J. R. H., Turner, R., & Conner, T. S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0329689 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Empirical support for this framework has grown, with studies demonstrating its superiority over single-factor models [1–3 , 57 ].”
Monteiro, F., Antunes, P., Pereira, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2022) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462322000447 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“However, extensive research has suggested that focusing solely on treatment and reduction of mental illness may not be enough (10;11).”
BackgroundThe 4R Model of Mood and Emotion for Sustainable Mental Health in Organisational Settings
Beedie, C., Lane, A. M., Udberg, R., & Terry, P. C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141811670 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Understanding Differential Stress and Mental Health Reactions to COVID-19-Related Events
Sebastião, R., Neto, D. D., & Costa, V. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20105819 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Additionally, despite their intercorrelation, these two factors are distinct and may act relatively independently [15,16] and as such should both be considered in research on mental health, providing greater insights into this topic [18].”
BackgroundWellbeing-responsive community: a growth target for intentional mental health promotion
Raymond, I. J., Burke, K. J., Agnew, K. J., & Kelly, D. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1271954 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Uncovering heterogeneity in mental health changes among first-year medical students
Polujanski, S., Nett, U. E., Rotthoff, T., Özsoy, M. D., & Schindler, A.-K. (2024) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2024.2317493 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Marinucci, A., Grové, C., & Allen, K. (2024) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2024.2376203 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“While mental health and mental illness are sometimes described as two extremes of a continuum, it is evident that these concepts are distinct, and the absence of a mental condition does not guarantee positive mental health (Iasiello et al., 2020; Keyes, 2005; Payton, 2009).”
Vincent, C., Tremblay-Wragg, É., & Plante, I. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20206953 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Accordingly, the dual-continua model of mental health posits the existence of negative mental health manifested with psychological distress, as well as positive mental health manifested with psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing [23,24].”
BackgroundWho engages in well-being interventions? An analysis of a global digital intervention study
Park, Y., Guevarra, D. A., Simon-Thomas, E. R., & Epel, E. S. (2024) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2417098 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“To the extent that mental well-being and ill-being are conceptually and empirically distinct (e.g. Iasiello & van Agteren, 2020; Keyes, 2005), individuals who are motivated to engage in one type of intervention may not necessarily be motivated to engage in the other.”
- Authors
- Iasiello, M., van Agteren, J., & Muir Cochrane, E.
- Affiliations
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Venue
- Evidence Base
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 2020
- ISSN
- 1838-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3015075171
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 27.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence Base (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- positive mental health, mental illness, mental health continuum, mental health assessment, mental health reform
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
