The neural correlates of mindful awareness: a possible buffering effect on anxiety-related reduction in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activity.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Human personality consists of two fundamental elements character and temperament. Character allays automatic and preconceptual emotional responses determined by temperament. However, the neurobiological basis of character and its interplay with temperament remain elusive. Here, we examined character-temperament interplay and explored the neural basis of character, with a particular focus on the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex extending to a ventromedial portion of the prefrontal cortex (sgACC/vmPFC). METHODS: Resting brain glucose metabolism (GM) was measured using [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in 140 healthy adults. Personality traits were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Regions of interest (ROI) analysis and whole-brain analysis were performed to examine a combination effect of temperament and character on the sgACC/vmPFC and to explore the neural correlates of character, respectively. RESULTS: Harm avoidance (HA), a temperament trait (i.e., depressive, anxious, vulnerable), showed a significant negative impact on the sgACC/vmPFC GM, whereas self-transcendence (ST), a character trait (i.e., intuitive, judicious, spiritual), exhibited a significant positive effect on GM in the same region (HA β = -0.248, p = 0.003; ST: β = 0.250, p = 0.003). In addition, when coupled with strong ST, individuals with strong HA maintained the sgACC/vmPFC GM level comparable to the level of those with low scores on both HA and ST. Furthermore, exploratory whole-brain analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between ST and sgACC/vmPFC GM (peak voxel at x = -8, y = 32, z = -8, k = 423, Z = 4.41, corrected p (FDR) = 0.030). CONCLUSION: The current findings indicate that the sgACC/vmPFC might play a critical role in mindful awareness to something beyond as well as in emotional regulation. Developing a sense of mindfulness may temper exaggerated emotional responses in individuals with a risk for or having anxiety and depressive disorders.
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Both insula (especially anterior) and ACC are of great importance in mindful awareness.
“Both insula (especially the anterior part) (Craig, 2009a) and ACC (Hakamata et al., 2013) were reported to be of great importance in mindful awareness.”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Hakamata et al., 2013
The Discussion reports that the subgenual ACC/vmPFC is involved in mindful awareness ‘to something beyond,’ and the Abstract Conclusion says it might play a critical role. This supports the ACC portion of the citing sentence, but the sentence broadens both the brain region and the type of mindful awareness studied, and states the role more firmly than the source does. The insula portion is attributed to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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“(Craig, 2009a) and ACC (Hakamata et al., 2013) were reported to be of great importance in mindful awareness.”
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- Authors
- Hakamata, Y., Iwase, M., Kato, T., Senda, K., & Inada, T.
- Affiliations
- Kitasato University (JP)
- National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (JP)
- Seiwa Hospital (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hakamata, Yuko
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-10-09
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e75526
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3794017
- OpenAlex
- W2122061949
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- mindful awareness, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, harm avoidance, self-transcendence, personality traits, emotion regulation, anxiety, depression, brain glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Brain, Female, Glucose, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prefrontal Cortex, Positron-Emission Tomography
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