The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pharmacokinetics, Brain Delivery, and Efficacy in Brain Tumor-Bearing Mice of Glutathione Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (2B3-101)
Open accessAbstract
Brain cancer is a devastating disease affecting many people worldwide. Effective treatment with chemotherapeutics is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that tightly regulates the diffusion of endogenous molecules but also xenobiotics. Glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (2B3-101) is being developed as a new treatment option for patients with brain cancer. It is based on already marketed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®/Caelyx®), with an additional glutathione coating that safely enhances drug delivery across the BBB. Uptake of 2B3-101 by human brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro was time-, concentration- and temperature-dependent, while pegylated liposomal doxorubicin mainly remained bound to the cells. In vivo, 2B3-101 and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin had a comparable plasma exposure in mice, yet brain retention 4 days after administration was higher for 2B3-101. 2B3-101 was overall well tolerated by athymic FVB mice with experimental human glioblastoma (luciferase transfected U87MG). In 2 independent experiments a strong inhibition of brain tumor growth was observed for 2B3-101 as measured by bioluminescence intensity. The effect of weekly administration of 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 was more pronounced compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (p<0.05) and saline (p<0.01). Two out of 9 animals receiving 2B3-101 showed a complete tumor regression. Twice-weekly injections of 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 again had a significant effect in inhibiting brain tumor growth (p<0.001) compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and saline, and a complete regression was observed in 1 animal treated with 2B3-101. In addition, twice-weekly dosing of 2B3-101 significantly increased the median survival time by 38.5% (p<0.001) and 16.1% (p<0.05) compared to saline and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, respectively. Overall, these data demonstrate that glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin enhances the effective delivery of doxorubicin to brain tumors and could become a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of brain malignancies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Radiotherapy Plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Glioblastoma
Stupp, R., Mason, W. P., van den Bent, M. J., Weller, M., Fisher, B., Taphoorn, M. J. B., Belanger, K., Brandes, A. A., Marosi, C., Bogdahn, U., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043330 · Cited by 21,807
Doxil® — The first FDA-approved nano-drug: Lessons learned
Barenholz, Y. (. (2012) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020 · Cited by 4,792
O’Brien, M. E. R., Wigler, N., Inbar, M., Rosso, R., Grischke, E., Santoro, A., Catane, R., Kieback, D. G., Tomczak, P., Ackland, S. P., et al. (2004) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh097 · Cited by 1,738
Blood‐brain barrier‐specific properties of a human adult brain endothelial cell line
Weksler, B. B., Subileau, E. A., Perrière, N., Charneau, P., Holloway, K., Leveque, M., Tricoire‐Leignel, H., Nicotra, A., Bourdoulous, S., Turowski, P., et al. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-3458fje · Cited by 1,330
Régina, A., Demeule, M., Ché, C., Lavallée, I., Poirier, J., Gabathuler, R., Béliveau, R., & Castaigne, J. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.260 · Cited by 368
de Boer, A. G., & Gaillard, P. J. (2007) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 · Cited by 348
Self-citationBlock, K. I., Koch, A. C., Mead, M. N., Tothy, P. K., Newman, R. A., & Gyllenhaal, C. (2008) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23754 · Cited by 328
Distribution of STI-571 to the Brain Is Limited by P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Efflux
Dai, H., Marbach, P., Lemaire, M., Hayes, M., & Elmquist, W. F. (2003) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.102.045260 · Cited by 273
Aryal, M., Vykhodtseva, N., Zhang, Y.-Z., Park, J., & McDannold, N. (2013) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.007 · Cited by 261
Siegal, T., Horowitz, A., & Gabizon, A. (1995) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1995.83.6.1029 · Cited by 232
Cited by
Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: Challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications
Wicki, A., Witzigmann, D., Balasubramanian, V., & Huwyler, J. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.030 · Cited by 1,901
Current Challenges and Opportunities in Treating Glioblastoma
Shergalis, A., Bankhead, A., Luesakul, U., Muangsin, N., & Neamati, N. (2018) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.117.014944 · Cited by 849
Hersh, A. M., Alomari, S., & Tyler, B. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23084153 · Cited by 478
El-Sawy, H. S., Al-Abd, A. M., Ahmed, T. A., El-Say, K. M., & Torchilin, V. P. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b06104 · Cited by 431
Progress in brain targeting drug delivery system by nasal route
Khan, A. R., Liu, M., Khan, M. W., & Zhai, G. (2017) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.001 · Cited by 402
Metadata
- Authors
- Gaillard, P. J., Appeldoorn, C. C. M., Dorland, R., van Kregten, J., Manca, F., Vugts, D. J., Windhorst, B., van Dongen, G. A. M. S., de Vries, H. E., Maussang, D., & van Tellingen, O.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-01-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e82331
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037571189
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 8.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pharmacokinetics, Brain Delivery, and Efficacy in Brain Tumor-Bearing Mice of Glutathione Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (2B3-101). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pone.0082331
- The paper
- Gaillard, P. J., Appeldoorn, C. C. M., Dorland, R., van Kregten, J., Manca, F., Vugts, D. J., Windhorst, B., van Dongen, G. A. M. S., de Vries, H. E., Maussang, D., & van Tellingen, O. (2014). Pharmacokinetics, Brain Delivery, and Efficacy in Brain Tumor-Bearing Mice of Glutathione Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (2B3-101). PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082331
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
