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Cited by 478Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryBarrier Structure and Function StudiesDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Advances in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery in Neuro-Oncology

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Hersh, Andrew M., Alomari, Safwan, Tyler, Betty M.·2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms23084153PMC PMC9032478
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Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a microvascular network responsible for excluding most drugs from the brain. Treatment of brain tumors is limited by the impermeability of the BBB and, consequently, survival outcomes for malignant brain tumors remain poor. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a potential solution to improve drug transport to brain tumors, given their small size and capacity to target tumor cells. Here, we review the unique physical and chemical properties of NPs that aid in BBB transport and discuss mechanisms of NP transport across the BBB, including paracellular transport, carrier-mediated transport, and adsorptive- and receptor-mediated transcytosis. The major types of NPs investigated for treatment of brain tumors are detailed, including polymeric NPs, liposomes, solid lipid NPs, dendrimers, metals, quantum dots, and nanogels. In addition to their role in drug delivery, NPs can be used as imaging contrast agents and can be conjugated with imaging probes to assist in visualizing tumors, demarcating lesion boundaries and margins, and monitoring drug delivery and treatment response. Multifunctional NPs can be designed that are capable of targeting tumors for both imaging and therapeutic purposes. Finally, limitations of NPs for brain tumor treatment are discussed.

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  • The choice of ligand is crucial because it must have affinity to receptors or transporters present at the blood-brain barrier and be in sufficient number; saturation of ligands may limit efficiency by causing steric hindrance, size increase, and impaired exocytosis, so optimizing ligand concentration is essential.

    “The choice of the ligand is crucial, as it must have affinity to receptors/transporters present at the BBB and be in sufficient number. However, saturation of these ligands may limit efficiency by causing steric hindrance, size increase, and impair exocytosis, among others. Therefore, optimizing ligand concentration is essential [43].”

    From Advances in Strategies to Transport Nanoparticles Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery into the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [43]

  • The paracellular pathway is the principal route blocked by tight junctions of cell gaps, restricting ions, polar solutes, and most macromolecules.

    “The paracellular pathway is the principal route blocked by the tight junctions of cell gaps, restricting ions, polar solutes, and most macromolecules.148”

    From The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery (2023) · cites this paper as [148]

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200 of 282 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hersh, A. M., Alomari, S., & Tyler, B. M.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Tyler, Betty M.
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-04-09
Volume
23
Issue
8
Pages
4153
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms23084153
PMC
PMC9032478
OpenAlex
W4224243873
Cited by
478
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 135 · 2025: 180 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 18
FWCI
5.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords
blood-brain barrier, nanoparticle drug delivery, brain tumors, neuro-oncology, paracellular transport, transcytosis, receptor-mediated transport, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanogels, imaging contrast agents, multifunctional nanoparticles, tumor targeting
MeSH terms
Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Brain Neoplasms, Humans, Technology, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanoparticles

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