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Oxidative Stress Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Subset of Autism Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines in a Well-Matched Case Control Cohort
Open accessAbstract
There is increasing recognition that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the autism spectrum disorders. However, little attention has been given to the etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction or how mitochondrial abnormalities might interact with other physiological disturbances associated with autism, such as oxidative stress. In the current study we used respirometry to examine reserve capacity, a measure of the mitochondrial ability to respond to physiological stress, in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from children with autistic disorder (AD) as well as age and gender-matched control LCLs. We demonstrate, for the first time, that LCLs derived from children with AD have an abnormal mitochondrial reserve capacity before and after exposure to increasingly higher concentrations of 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-napthoquinone (DMNQ), an agent that increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Specifically, the AD LCLs exhibit a higher reserve capacity at baseline and a sharper depletion of reserve capacity when ROS exposure is increased, as compared to control LCLs. Detailed investigation indicated that reserve capacity abnormalities seen in AD LCLs were the result of higher ATP-linked respiration and maximal respiratory capacity at baseline combined with a marked increase in proton leak respiration as ROS was increased. We further demonstrate that these reserve capacity abnormalities are driven by a subgroup of eight (32%) of 25 AD LCLs. Additional investigation of this subgroup of AD LCLs with reserve capacity abnormalities revealed that it demonstrated a greater reliance on glycolysis and on uncoupling protein 2 to regulate oxidative stress at the inner mitochondria membrane. This study suggests that a significant subgroup of AD children may have alterations in mitochondrial function which could render them more vulnerable to a pro-oxidant microenvironment derived from intrinsic and extrinsic sources of ROS such as immune activation and pro-oxidant environmental toxicants. These findings are consistent with the notion that AD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
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“There are presently several lines of evidence indicating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are prevalent in individuals with ASD [3,10,11,12,13,14,15,16].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
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An association study of the SOD2 rs4880 (Ala16Val) variant with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rose, S., Frye, R. E., Slattery, J., Wynne, R., Tippett, M., Pavliv, O., Melnyk, S., & James, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Arkansas Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frye, Richard E.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-01-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e85436
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3885720
- OpenAlex
- W2163485668
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 6.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, reserve capacity, lymphoblastoid cell lines, reactive oxygen species, UCP2, glycolysis, ATP-linked respiration, mitochondrial heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 2, Autistic Disorder, Cell Line, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Glycolysis, Humans, Ion Channels, Lymphocytes, Male, Mitochondria, Naphthoquinones, Oxidation-Reduction, Protons, Case-Control Studies, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Cell Respiration, Mitochondrial Proteins, Mitochondrial Membranes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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