The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sweetened Beverages, Coffee, and Tea and Depression Risk among Older US Adults
Open accessAbstract
Sweetened beverages, coffee, and tea are the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages and may have important health consequences. We prospectively evaluated the consumption of various types of beverages assessed in 1995-1996 in relation to self-reported depression diagnosis after 2000 among 263,923 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived from multivariate logistic regressions. The OR (95% CI) comparing ≥4 cans/cups per day with none were 1.30 (95%CI: 1.17-1.44) for soft drinks, 1.38 (1.15-1.65) for fruit drinks, and 0.91 (0.84-0.98) for coffee (all P for trend<0.0001). Null associations were observed for iced-tea and hot tea. In stratified analyses by drinkers of primarily diet versus regular beverages, the ORs were 1.31 (1.16-1.47) for diet versus 1.22 (1.03-1.45) for regular soft drinks, 1.51 (1.18-1.92) for diet versus 1.08 (0.79-1.46) for regular fruit drinks, and 1.25 (1.10-1.41) for diet versus 0.94 (0.83-1.08) for regular sweetened iced-tea. Finally, compared to nondrinkers, drinking coffee or tea without any sweetener was associated with a lower risk for depression, adding artificial sweeteners, but not sugar or honey, was associated with higher risks. Frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, especially diet drinks, may increase depression risk among older adults, whereas coffee consumption may lower the risk.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The consumption of sweetened beverages (12), processed foods (defined as including sweetened desserts, refined grains, fried foods, processed meats, and highfat dairy products) (13), and processed pastries (muffins, doughnuts, croissants, and other commercial baked goods) (14) has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression in longitudinal studies.”
From High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men
Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1014296 · Cited by 2,527
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Malik, V. S., Popkin, B. M., Bray, G. A., Després, J.-P., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1079 · Cited by 2,116
Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review
Malik, V. S., Schulze, M. B., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.2.274 · Cited by 2,100
Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of Parkinson disease
Ross, G. W. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.20.2674 · Cited by 778
Prospective Study of Caffeine Consumption and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in Men and Women
Ascherio, A., Zhang, S. M., Hernán, M. A., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1052 · Cited by 677
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Genetic Risk of Obesity
Qi, Q., Chu, A. Y., Kang, J., Jensen, M. K., Curhan, G. C., Pasquale, L. R., Ridker, P. M., Hunter, D. J., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1203039 · Cited by 609
Design and Serendipity in Establishing a Large Cohort with Wide Dietary Intake Distributions
Schatzkin, A. G., Subar, A. F., Thompson, F. E., Harlan, L. C., Tangrea, J. A., Hollenbeck, A. R., Hurwitz, P. E., Coyle, L. M., Schussler, N., Michaud, D. S., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.12.1119 · Cited by 608
Self-citationAssociation of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality
Freedman, N. D., Park, Y., Abnet, C. C., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Sinha, R. R. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1112010 · Cited by 597
Self-citationCoffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Huxley, R. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.439 · Cited by 476
A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States
Popkin, B. M., Armstrong, L. E., Bray, G. M., Caballero, B., Frei, B., & Willett, W. C. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.83.3.529 · Cited by 431
Magnuson, B. A., Burdock, G. A., Doull, J., Kroes, R., Marsh, G. M., Pariza, M. W., Spencer, P. S., Waddell, W. J., Walker, R., & Williams, G. M. (2007) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440701516184 · Cited by 353
Coffee, Caffeine, and Risk of Depression Among Women
Lucas, M. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.393 · Cited by 270
Caffeine, Mental Health, and Psychiatric Disorders
Lara, D. R. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1378 · Cited by 245
The Potential Toxicity of Artificial Sweeteners
Whitehouse, C. R., Boullata, J. I., & McCauley, L. (2008) · AAOHN Journal · doi:10.3928/08910162-20080601-02 · Cited by 233
Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain
Humphries, P., Pretorius, E., & Naudé, H. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602866 · Cited by 229
Thompson, F. E., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Freedman, L. S., Carroll, R. J., Subar, A. F., Brown, C. C., Butcher, M. S., Mouw, T., Leitzmann, M., et al. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007000419 · Cited by 209
Caffeine Intake and Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Santos, C. D., Costa, J. N., dos Santos, J. P., Carneiro, A. V., & Lunet, N. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091387 · Cited by 199
Klatsky, A. L., Armstrong, M. A., & FRIEDMAN, G. D. (1993) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(93)90064-b · Cited by 195
Anxiety and depression associated with caffeinism among psychiatric inpatients
Greden, J. F., Fontaine, P., Lubetsky, M. J., & Chamberlin, K. (1978) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.135.8.963 · Cited by 189
Caffeine Intake, Smoking, and Risk of Parkinson Disease in Men and Women
Liu, R., Guo, X., Park, Y., Huang, X., Sinha, R. R., Freedman, N. D., Hollenbeck, A. R., Blair, A. E., & Chen, H. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr451 · Cited by 186
Self-citationLien, L., Lien, N., Heyerdahl, S., Thoresen, M., & Bjertness, E. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.059477 · Cited by 179
A Prospective Study of Coffee Drinking and Suicide in Women
Kawachi, I. I. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440050067008 · Cited by 155
Leibenluft, E., Fiero, P. L., Bartko, J. J., Moul, D. E., & Rosenthal, N. E. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.2.294 · Cited by 125
Ruusunen, A. A., Lehto, S. M., Tolmunen, T., Mursu, J., Kaplan, G. A., & Voutilainen, S. (2010) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980010000509 · Cited by 119
Green tea consumption is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly
Niu, K., Hozawa, A., Kuriyama, S., Ebihara, S., Guo, H., Nakaya, N., Ohmori‐Matsuda, K., Takahashi, H., Masamune, Y., Asada, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28216 · Cited by 118
Sinha, R. R., Cross, A. J., Daniel, C. R., Graubard, B. I., Wu, J. W., Hollenbeck, A. R., Gunter, M. J., Park, Y., & Freedman, N. D. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.031328 · Cited by 109
Self-citationSoft drink consumption and mental health problems among adults in Australia
Shi, Z., Taylor, A. W., Wittert, G., Goldney, R. D., & Gill, T. K. (2010) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009993132 · Cited by 105
Caffeine, cognitive failures and health in a non‐working community sample
Smith, A. P. (2009) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.991 · Cited by 102
Pathophysiological roles for purines
Morelli, M., Carta, A. R., Kachroo, A., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2010) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(10)83010-9 · Cited by 96
Caffeine-induced synaptic potentiation in hippocampal CA2 neurons
Simons, S. B., Caruana, D. A., Zhao, M., & Dudek, S. M. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2962 · Cited by 88
Hintikka, J., Tolmunen, T., Honkalampi, K. M., Haatainen, K. M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Tanskanen, A. J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2005) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-005-0148-2 · Cited by 87
Whalen, D. J., Silk, J. S., Semel, M., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Axelson, D. A., Birmaher, B., & Dahl, R. E. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm086 · Cited by 85
Exercise, Tea Consumption, and Depression Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Chen, X., Lu, W., Zheng, Y. F., Gu, K., Chen, Z., Zheng, W., & Shu, X. O. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.23.0565 · Cited by 65
Heavy coffee drinking and the risk of suicide
Tanskanen, A. J., Tuomilehto, J., Viinamäki, H. T., Vartiainen, E. A., Lehtonen, J., & Puska, P. (2000) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/a:1007614714579 · Cited by 63
Soft drink and sweet food consumption and suicidal behaviours among Chinese adolescents
Pan, X., Zhang, C., & Shi, Z. (2011) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02369.x · Cited by 54
A prospective investigation of coffee drinking and endometrial cancer incidence
Gunter, M. J., Schaub, J. A., Xue, X., Freedman, N. D., Gaudet, M. M., Rohan, T. E., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Sinha, R. R. (2011) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.26482 · Cited by 46
Self-citationLuebbe, A. M., & Bell, D. J. (2009) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00424.x · Cited by 40
Potential link between caffeine consumption and pediatric depression: A case-control study
Benko, C. R., de Farias, A. C., Farias, L. G., Pereira, É. F., Louzada, F. M., & Cordeiro, M. L. (2011) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-11-73 · Cited by 34
Cited by
Sorted by citations
How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration?
Cunha, R. A. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13724 · Cited by 456
Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety
Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Petersen, K. S., Hibbeln, J. R., Hurley, D. L., Kolick, V., Peoples, S., Rodriguez, N. R., & Woodward-Lopez, G. M. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025 · Cited by 342
Toews, I., Lohner, S., de Gaudry, D. K., Sommer, H., & Meerpohl, J. J. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k4718 · Cited by 302
Gangwisch, J. E., Hale, L., Garcia, L., Malaspina, D., Opler, M. G., Payne, M. E., Rossom, R. C., & Lane, D. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.103846 · Cited by 278
The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors
Jacques, A., Chaaya, N., Beecher, K., Ali, S. A., Belmer, A., & Bartlett, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021 · Cited by 271
Metadata
- Authors
- Guo, X., Park, Y., Freedman, N. D., Sinha, R., Hollenbeck, A. R., Blair, A., & Chen, H.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- AARP (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Honglei
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-04-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e94715
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3990543
- OpenAlex
- W2108716947
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 7.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- sweetened beverages, coffee, tea, depression risk, older adults, soft drinks, fruit beverages, artificial sweeteners, sugar, honey, non-alcoholic beverages
- MeSH terms
- Coffee, Depression, Drinking, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Sweetening Agents, Tea, Odds Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review