Gap effect abnormalities during a visually guided pro-saccade task in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in early childhood and has a comprehensive impact on psychosocial activity and education as well as general health across the lifespan. Despite its prevalence, the current diagnostic criteria for ADHD are debated. Saccadic eye movements are easy to quantify and may be a quantitative biomarker for a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. The goal of this study was to examine whether children with ADHD exhibit abnormalities during a visually guided pro-saccadic eye-movement and to clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with their behavioral impairments. Thirty-seven children with ADHD (aged 5-11 years) and 88 typically developing (TD) children (aged 5-11 years) were asked to perform a simple saccadic eye-movement task in which step and gap conditions were randomly interleaved. We evaluated the gap effect, which is the difference in the reaction time between the two conditions. Children with ADHD had a significantly longer reaction time than TD children (p < 0.01) and the gap effect was markedly attenuated (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the measurement of saccadic eye movements may provide a novel method for evaluating the behavioral symptoms and clinical features of ADHD, and that the gap effect is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of ADHD in early childhood.
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Such dysfunctional coupling may result in saccadic abnormalities, which have been found in children and adults with ADHD.
“Such dysfunctional coupling may result in saccadic abnormalities, which have been found in children and adults with ADHD [65, 66].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Matsuo, Y., Watanabe, M., Taniike, M., Mohri, I., Kobashi, S., Tachibana, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Kitamura, Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development (JP)
- University of Hyogo (JP)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kitamura, Yuri
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-27
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0125573
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4446099
- OpenAlex
- W905349152
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H02669, 21610011, 15K12721, 26242041, 25460752)
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, saccades, gap effect, reaction time, biomarkers, early childhood, children, saccade latency
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Male, Saccades, Biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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