Transnational Corporations as ‘Keystone Actors’ in Marine Ecosystems
Open accessAbstract
Keystone species have a disproportionate influence on the structure and function of ecosystems. Here we analyze whether a keystone-like pattern can be observed in the relationship between transnational corporations and marine ecosystems globally. We show how thirteen corporations control 11-16% of the global marine catch (9-13 million tons) and 19-40% of the largest and most valuable stocks, including species that play important roles in their respective ecosystem. They dominate all segments of seafood production, operate through an extensive global network of subsidiaries and are profoundly involved in fisheries and aquaculture decision-making. Based on our findings, we define these companies as keystone actors of the Anthropocene. The phenomenon of keystone actors represents an increasingly important feature of the human-dominated world. Sustainable leadership by keystone actors could result in cascading effects throughout the entire seafood industry and enable a critical transition towards improved management of marine living resources and ecosystems.
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A handful of transnational corporations control large (>50%) shares of supply chains in agriculture, fishing, logging, and mining.
“A handful of transnational corporations control large (>50%) shares of supply chains in agriculture, fishing, logging, and mining ( 71 , 72 )”
From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
The Introduction describes transnational seafood corporations operating across supply chains, and the Results find that 13 corporations control substantial shares of marine catch and valuable fish stocks. The paper does not establish a >50% share of supply chains in fishing, agriculture, logging, or mining; its reported seafood shares are 11–16% of global marine catch and 19–40% of the largest and most valuable stocks. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFunds channeled through tax havens support most illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, creating governance challenges.
“whereas funds channeled through tax havens support most illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing ( 71 , 73 ), creating governance challenges.”
From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
The Discussion describes challenges in fisheries governance, and the Results mention efforts to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Neither section addresses funds channeled through tax havens or says they support most such fishing (searched: tax havens, financing, IUU fishing). (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Österblom, H., Jouffray, J.-B., Folke, C., Crona, B., Troell, M., Merrie, A., & Rockström, J.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm Resilience Centre (SE)
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Österblom, Henrik
- Jouffray, Jean-Baptiste
- Folke, Carl
- Crona, Beatrice
- Troell, Max
- Merrie, Andrew
- Rockström, Johan
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-27
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0127533
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4446349
- OpenAlex
- W1560630840
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 15.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Coastal and Marine Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
- Keywords
- multinational corporations, marine ecosystems, seafood production, fisheries, aquaculture, subsidiaries, fish stocks, Anthropocene, sustainable leadership, marine resource management
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fisheries, Industry, Oceans and Seas, Professional Corporations, Ecosystem, Aquaculture, Internationality, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Policy
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