Stand-Alone Personalized Normative Feedback for College Student Drinkers: A Meta-Analytic Review, 2004 to 2014
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Norms clarification has been identified as an effective component of college student drinking interventions, prompting research on norms clarification as a single-component intervention known as Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF). Previous reviews have examined PNF in combination with other components but not as a stand-alone intervention. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the degree to which computer-delivered stand-alone personalized normative feedback interventions reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms among college students and to compare gender-neutral and gender-specific PNF. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched systematically through November 2014. Reference lists were reviewed manually and forward and backward searches were conducted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Outcome studies that compared computer-delivered, stand-alone PNF intervention with an assessment only, attention-matched, or active treatment control and reported alcohol use and harms among college students. METHODS: Between-group effect sizes were calculated as the standardized mean difference in change scores between treatment and control groups divided by pooled standard deviation. Within-group effect sizes were calculated as the raw mean difference between baseline and follow-up divided by pooled within-groups standard deviation. RESULTS: Eight studies (13 interventions) with a total of 2,050 participants were included. Compared to control participants, students who received gender-neutral (dbetween = 0.291, 95% CI [0.159, 0.423]) and gender-specific PNF (dbetween = 0.284, 95% CI [0.117, 0.451]) reported greater reductions in drinking from baseline to follow-up. Students who received gender-neutral PNF reported 3.027 (95% CI [2.171, 3.882]) fewer drinks per week at first follow-up and gender-specific PNF reported 3.089 (95% CI [0.992, 5.186]) fewer drinks. Intervention effects were small for harms (dbetween = 0.157, 95% CI [0.037, 0.278]). CONCLUSIONS: Computer-delivered PNF is an effective stand-alone approach for reducing college student drinking and has a small impact on alcohol-related harms. Effects are small but clinically relevant when considered from a public health perspective. Additional research is needed to examine computer-delivered, stand-alone PNF as a population-level prevention program.
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Daily-level findings can inform personalized interventions which are often effective as they can directly address specific challenges and behaviors of each participant.
“For instance, daily-level findings can inform personalized interventions which are often effective as they can directly address specific challenges and behaviors of each participant (Dotson et al., 2015;Riper et al., 2009).”
From Daily Communication Between First-Year College Students and Their Parents: Associations With Perceived Relationship Positivity (2024) · cites this paper as Dotson et al., 2015
The Introduction (page not specified) describes feedback individualized to students’ reported drinking behavior, and the Discussion (page not specified) finds that personalized normative feedback modestly reduces drinking among college students. The paper does not show that daily-level findings inform interventions or that effectiveness comes from addressing each participant’s specific challenges; its evidence concerns drinking norms and behavior. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Dotson, K. B., Dunn, M. E., & Bowers, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Central Florida (US)
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-10-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e0139518
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4598082
- OpenAlex
- W2124616725
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 12.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
- Keywords
- personalized normative feedback, college drinking, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm, computer-based intervention, alcohol prevention
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking in College, Alcohol Drinking, Humans, Databases, Factual, Internet, Feedback, Psychological
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