The Association between Hair Cortisol and Self-Reported Symptoms of Depression in Pregnant Women
Open accessAbstract
Depression has been linked to an imbalance in cortisol. Until recently, cortisol has been studied by measuring concentrations at single time points in blood or saliva samples. Cortisol concentrations vary with circadian rhythm and experiences, from time point to time point. The measurement of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a new method of accessing mean, long-term cortisol concentrations. Recent studies show positive associations between depression and HCC, and prenatal maternal cortisol is thought to influence the developing fetus. We therefore examined the association between HCC and self-reported symptoms of depression in second trimester pregnant women. Participants were 181 women, recruited between September 2011 and October 2013 to the Little-in-Norway (LiN)-study. These women answered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Rating Scale (EPDS) on self-reported symptoms of depression, and one cm maternal scalp hair was collected and analyzed for cortisol concentrations. Multiple regression analyses did not show depressive symptoms as a predictor for HCC in our selection of pregnant women, while gestational age was significantly related. In conclusion, our study indicated that symptoms of depression during pregnancy did not predict HCC, but further studies of clinically depressed, pregnant women using gestational age as an adjustment variable are warranted.
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Antepartum hair cortisol levels are less invasive to obtain and offer a more stable cumulative longitudinal measure of the maternal HPA-axis than cortisol from blood or saliva.
“Third, instead of cortisol from blood or saliva, antepartum hair cortisol levels will be assessed that are less invasive to obtain and will offer a more stable cumulative longitudinal measure of the maternal HPA-axis that can be linked to different levels of antepartum depressive symptoms and adverse maternal and child outcomes [86].”
From Effectiveness of a guided ACT-based self-help resilience training for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial embedded in a prospective cohort. (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
The Introduction (page unavailable) contrasts single-time-point blood or saliva measurements with hair cortisol, which it says represents an approximately one-month mean. The Methods describe cutting hair near the scalp, but the paper does not establish that collecting it is less invasive than collecting saliva. Thus, the longitudinal-measure claim is supported, while the comparative invasiveness claim is not. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Wikenius, E., Moe, V., Kjellevold, M., Smith, L., Lyle, R., Waagbø, R., Page, C. M., & Myhre, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Wikenius, Ellen
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-09-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e0161804
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5008720
- OpenAlex
- W2514831737
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd (NO) (196156)
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Eastern and Southern Norway (RUBP)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- hair cortisol, maternal depression, pregnancy, antenatal depression, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, gestational age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Female, Hair, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Norway, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Case-Control Studies
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