No impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy complications in women with PCOS, regardless of GDM criteria used
Open accessAbstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by the presence of insulin resistance, and women with PCOS have high prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM). Both conditions have been associated with increased risk for pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, preeclampsia and increased offspring birth weight. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM in women with PCOS using both previous and new diagnostic criteria, and to analyse whether the risk of pregnancy complications increased with the presence of GDM. In addition, we aimed to assess the response to metformin treatment in PCOS women with GDM. We performed post-hoc analysis of three prospective, double blinded studies of altogether 791 pregnant women with PCOS randomized to either metformin or placebo treatment from first trimester to delivery. Glucose data allowing GDM classification after previous (WHO 1999) and new (WHO 2013 and Norwegian 2017) diagnostic criteria were available for 722 of the women. Complications such as preeclampsia, late miscarriage and preterm birth, birth weight and gestational age were correlated to the presence of GDM and metformin treatment. The prevalence of GDM was 28.3% (WHO 1999), 41.2% (WHO 2013) and 27.2% (Norwegian 2017). Having GDM already in first trimester associated with increased risk for late miscarriage (p<0.01). Having GDM according to newer criteria correlated to increased maternal age and BMI (p<0.001). Otherwise, having GDM (any criteria) correlated neither to the development of preeclampsia, nor to birth weight z-score or the proportion of offspring being large for gestational weight. Maternal age and BMI, parity and gestational weight gain, but not GDM or metformin treatment, were determinants for birth weight z-score. Conclusion: in pregnant women with PCOS, having GDM did not increase the risk for other pregnancy complications except for an increased risk for late miscarriage among those with GDM already in the first trimester.
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In Norway, Founger et al. showed GDM was more frequently diagnosed in pregnant women with PCOS than in the general population; prevalence was 27.2% using Norwegian criteria, 28.3% using WHO 1999, and 41.2% using AIDPSG/WHO 2013.
“Founger et al. showed that GDM was much more frequently diagnosed in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than in the general population. This depended on which criteria were used, as the GDM prevalence was 27.2% using the Norwegian criteria, 28.3% using the WHO 1999 criteria, and 41.2% using the AIDPSG/WHO 2013 criteria [178].”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [178]
The Results (GDM and baseline characteristics) report exactly 27.2% under Norwegian 2017 criteria, 28.3% under WHO 1999, and 41.2% under WHO 2013. However, the Discussion (GDM prevalence) says this cohort had no control group without PCOS, so the study did not itself show a higher rate than in the general population. The Patients and methods section also says participants came from Norway, Sweden, and Iceland, not Norway alone. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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BackgroundPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): Exploring Its Impact on Obstetrical Outcomes
Vasa, R., Venkataraman, G., Gorman, K., Francis, R., Zwicklbauer, E., Fisher, J., Safovich, P., Dalloul, M., & Muneyyirci-Delale, O. (2024) · Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.4236/ojog.2024.148090
- Authors
- Fougner, S. L., Vanky, E., Løvvik, T. S., & Carlsen, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Fougner, Stine Lyngvi
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2021-07-23
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e0254895
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8301673
- OpenAlex
- W3183736666
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy complications, metformin, GDM diagnostic criteria, preeclampsia, preterm birth, late miscarriage, birth weight, insulin resistance, maternal age, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational, Premature Birth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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