Prevalence and risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension among adults in Southeastern Iran: Findings from the baseline survey of the Zahedan adult cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Hypertension (HTN) stands as the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and premature death globally. Understanding its prevalence and risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management of HTN. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Pre-hypertension (pre-HTN), HTN, and its risk factors in adults participating in the Zahedan adult cohort study (ZACS). This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of the ZACS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for potential risk factors. Among the 10,016 participants in this study, 60.89% were women, with an average age of 50.44 ± 9.18 years. The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 42.03% (men 45.44%, women 39.84%) and 18.47% (men 21.09%, women 16.79%), respectively. Being male, older age, having higher socioeconomic status (SES), being overweight and obese, having a family history of HTN, comorbidities such as diabetes and CVD, as well as abnormal blood lipid levels (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) were the most significant predictors of pre-HTN and HTN. These findings highlight that more than half of the participants in this study exhibit pre-HTN or HTN, placing them at risk for CVD and stroke. Implementing comprehensive preventive strategies tailored to these identified risk factors is imperative to alleviate the disease burden, enhance disease management, and improve HTN treatment and control.
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The sevenfold increase in odds for family history of hypertension exceeds many national and international studies, suggesting particularly strong familial aggregation in Saudi populations.
“This sevenfold increase in odds exceeds many national [37] and international studies [38,39], suggesting particularly strong familial aggregation in Saudi populations.”
From The Dynamic Interplay of Lifestyle, Dietary Factors, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Investigation Among Saudi Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
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Y, V., Jayachandran, R., Prabhu.B, G., & Kumar, M. S. (2025) · Lex Localis-journal of Local Self-government · doi:10.52152/1eb1w118
“During recent years, hypertension has become a significant public health concern, accounting for nearly 71% of all deaths worldwide [Zare et al. 2023].”
InfluentialManagement of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension During Hospitalization in Maxillofacial Departments
Krasovsky, A., Capucha, T., Abdalla-Aslan, R., Zeineh, N., Bilder, A., Hija, A., Blanc, O., Emodi, O., Rachmiel, A., & Shilo, D. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61040712
“The worldwide prevalence of hypertension (HTN) exceeds 1.3 billion, and by 2025, the number is predicted to increase to 1.56 billion [2].”
Influential
- Authors
- Zare, M. G., Okati-Aliabad, H., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Mohammadi, M., & Shahraki-Sanavi, F.
- Affiliations
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2023-12-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e0295270
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10703255
- OpenAlex
- W4389429949
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- hypertension, prehypertension, prevalence, risk factors, cardiovascular disease, stroke, obesity, overweight, socioeconomic status, family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, southeastern Iran
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Prehypertension
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