Status of Hypertension in China: Results From the China Hypertension Survey, 2012–2015
Open accessAbstract
Background: Although the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) continues to increase in developing countries, including China, recent data are lacking. A nationwide survey was conducted from October 2012 to December 2015 to assess the prevalence of HTN in China. Methods: A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of 451 755 residents ≥18 years of age from 31 provinces in mainland China from October 2012 to December 2015. Blood pressure (BP) was measured after resting for 5 minutes by trained staff using a validated oscillometric BP monitor. HTN was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication within 2 weeks. Pre-HTN was defined as SBP 120 to 139 mm Hg and DBP 80 to 89 mm Hg without antihypertensive medication. HTN control was defined as SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP<90 mm Hg. In addition, the prevalence of HTN (SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥80 mm Hg) and control rate (SBP <130 and DBP <80 mm Hg) of HTN were also estimated according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline. Results: Overall, 23.2% (≈244.5 million) of the Chinese adult population ≥18 years of age had HTN, and another 41.3% (≈435.3 million) had pre-HTN according to the Chinese guideline. There were no significant differences of HTN prevalence between urban and rural residents (23.4% versus 23.1%, P =0.819). Among individuals with HTN, 46.9% were aware of their condition, 40.7% were taking prescribed antihypertensive medications, and 15.3% had controlled HTN. Calcium channel blockers were the most commonly used antihypertensive medication (46.5%) as monotherapy, and 31.7% of treated hypertensive patients used ≥2 medications. The prevalence of HTN based on the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline was twice as high as that based on 2010 Chinese guideline (46.4%), whereas the control rate fell to 3.0%. Conclusions: In China, there is a high prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN, and awareness, treatment, and control of HTN were low. Management of medical therapy for HTN needs to improve.
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South Asian populations originating from the Indian subcontinent have a particularly high risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including CAD and type 2 DM.
“South Asian populations originating from the Indian subcontinent have a particularly high risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including CAD and type 2 DM.”
From 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [142]
The Clinical Implications and Prevalence of HTN and Pre-HTN sections concern hypertension in Chinese adults, not disease risk in South Asian populations. Searches for South Asian or Indian-subcontinent populations and for CAD and type 2 diabetes found no passage addressing the claimed elevated risk. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Wang, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Hao, G., Zhang, Z., Shao, L., Tian, Y., Dong, Y., Zheng, C., Wang, J., Zhu, M., Weintraub, W. S., Gao, R., & On behalf of the China Hypertension Survey Investigators*
- Affiliations
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Christiana Care Health System (US)
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center (US)
- Department of Cardiology (R.G.)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2018-05-29
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2344-2356
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2793955071
- Cited by
- 1,698
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 242 · 2023: 281 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 244 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 24
- FWCI
- 109.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- OMRON Corporation (HBF-371, HBP-1300)
- National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (HBP-1300, 201402002, HBF-371)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- hypertension prevalence, hypertension awareness, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure control, prehypertension, antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blockers, hypertension guidelines, China
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, China, Educational Status, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Prehypertension
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