Association of anti-smoking legislation with rates of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the impact of anti-smoking legislation on respiratory or cardiovascular conditions other than acute myocardial infarction. We studied rates of hospital admission attributable to three cardiovascular conditions (acute myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke) and three respiratory conditions (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia or bronchitis) after the implementation of smoking bans. METHODS: We calculated crude rates of admission to hospital in Toronto, Ontario, from January 1996 (three years before the first phase of a smoking ban was implemented) to March 2006 (two years after the last phase was implemented. We used an autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) model to test for a relation between smoking bans and admission rates. We compared our results with similar data from two Ontario municipalities that did not have smoking bans and with conditions (acute cholecystitis, bowel obstruction and appendicitis) that are not known to be related to second-hand smoke. RESULTS: Crude rates of admission to hospital because of cardiovascular conditions decreased by 39% (95% CI 38%-40%) and admissions because of respiratory conditions decreased by 33% (95% CI 32%-34%) during the ban period affecting restaurant settings. No consistent reductions in these rates were evident after smoking bans affecting other settings. No significant reductions were observed in control cities or for control conditions. INTERPRETATION: Our results serve to expand the list of health outcomes that may be ameliorated by smoking bans. Further research is needed to establish the types of settings in which smoking bans are most effective. Our results lend legitimacy to efforts to further reduce public exposure to tobacco smoke.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Toronto, after a smoking ban in restaurants and related settings, rates of cardiovascular conditions decreased by 39% and admissions for respiratory conditions decreased by 33%, with no changes in control cities or control end points.
“Rates of cardiovascular conditions decreased by 39% and admissions for respiratory conditions decreased by 33%; no changes were observed in control cities or control end points.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [417]
Four new reports published since the reviews all demonstrated reductions in cardiovascular and/or respiratory events following smoking bans.
“Since these reviews, 4 new reports of the effects of smoking bans on cardiovascular and respiratory conditions have been published, all demonstrating reductions in cardiovascular and/or respiratory events following smoking bans.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [417]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Teo, K. K., Ôunpuu, S., Hawken, S., Pandey, M., Valentín, V., Hunt, D. U., Díaz, R., Rashed, W. A., Freeman, R. V., Jiang, L., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69249-0 · Cited by 999 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Research delineating the impact of smoke-free legislation on cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes could have an immense impact on public health, given that an estimated one billion people are expected to die during the 21st century as a result of tobacco-related disease.(5) Public health campaigns have been aimed a…”
BackgroundSargent, R. P., Shepard, R. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38055.715683.55 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Smoke-free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Pell, J. P., Haw, S., Cobbe, S., Newby, D. E., Pell, A. C. H., Fischbacher, C., McConnachie, A., Pringle, S., Murdoch, D., Dunn, F., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa0706740 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Health effects of passive smoking
Chinn, S., Rona, R. J., Cook, D. G., Strachan, D. P., & Carey, I. M. (1999) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.54.5.468a · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns.
Eisner, M., Smith, A., & Blanc, P. (1998) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.280.22.1909 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Bartecchi, C., Alsever, R. N., Nevin-Woods, C., Thomas, W. M., Estacio, R. O., Bartelson, B. B., & Krantz, M. J. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.615245 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Effect of the Italian Smoking Ban on Population Rates of Acute Coronary Events
Cesaroni, G., Forastiere, F., Agabiti, N., Valente, P., Zuccaro, P., & Perucci, C. A. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.729889 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Juster, H. R., Loomis, B. R., Hinman, T. M., Farrelly, M. C., Hyland, A., Bauer, U. E., & Birkhead, G. S. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.099994 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Barone-Adesi, F., Vizzini, L., Merletti, F., & Richiardi, L. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl201 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Effect of exposure to secondhand smoke on markers of inflammation: the ATTICA study
Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C. S., Chrysohoou, C. A., Skoumas, J., Masoura, C., TOUTOUZAS, P. K., & Stefanadis, C. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.07.019 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Directly measured second hand smoke exposure and asthma health outcomes
Eisner, M. D. (2005) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2004.037283 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The impact of a smoking ban on hospital admissions for coronary heart disease
Khuder, S. A., Milz, S., Jordan, T., Price, J., Silvestri, K., & Butler, P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.03.011 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Coultas, D. (1998) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.53.5.381 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Making Smoking History Worldwide
Koh, H. K., Joossens, L., & Connolly, G. N. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp068279 · Cited by 100 · cited 1× · see citing works
“CMAJ • MAY 18, 2010 • 182(8) © 2010 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors 761 Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide.(1) In the United States, second-hand smoke causes over 3000 deaths from lung cancer and 46 000 deaths from heart disease per year.”
BackgroundIndices of Morbidity and Control of Asthma in Adult Patients Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Jindal, S. K., Gupta, D., & Singh, A. (1994) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.106.3.746 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Radon, K., Buesching, K., Heinrich, J., Wichmann, H. ‐., ̈rres, R. A. J., MAGNUSSEN, H., & Nowak, D. (2002) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.122.3.1086 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The miseries of passive smoiong
Nelson, E. (2001) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1191/096032701670538508 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
(2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000136104.17673.3c · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Second-hand smoke exposure--who's at risk?
Pérez, C. E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effect of the Italian Smoking Ban on Population rates of Acute Coronary Events
Gersh, B. J. (2009) · Yearbook of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0084-3873(09)79451-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gersh, B. J. (2007) · Yearbook of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0145-4145(08)70181-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of exposure to secondhand smoke on markers of inflammation: the ATTICA study
Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C. E., & Chrysohoou, C. A. (2004) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.04.048 · Cited by 2 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Second-hand smoke, defined as involuntary exposure to a combination of diluted, side-stream cigarette smoke and exhaled smoke from smokers,(4) is the third leading cause of preventable poor health and premature death in the developed world.(3) Research delineating the impact of smoke-free legislation on cardiovascular…”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Barone-Adesi F, Vizzini L, Merletti F, et al. Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2468-72. Correspondence to: Dr. Alisa Naiman, 491 Lawrence Ave. W., Ste. 101, Toronto ON M5M 1C9; a.naiman@utoronto.ca
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lackland, D. T., Roccella, E. J., Deutsch, A. F., Fornage, M., George, M. G., Howard, G., Kissela, B. M., Kittner, S. J., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000437068.30550.cf · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Frazer, K., Callinan, J., McHugh, J., Baarsel, S. V., Clarke, A., Doherty, K., & Kelleher, C. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005992.pub3 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Smoke-free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma
Mackay, D., Haw, S. J., Ayres, J. G., Fischbacher, C., & Pell, J. P. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1002861 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Tan, C. E., & Glantz, S. A. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.121301 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Been, J. V., Nurmatov, U. B., Cox, B., Nawrot, T. S., van Schayck, O. C. P., & Sheikh, A. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60082-9 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Protecting Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
Farber, H. J., Groner, J. A., Walley, S. C., Nelson, K., CONTROL, S. O. T., Etzel, R. A., Wilson, K. M., Farber, H. J., Balk, S. J., Groner, J. A., et al. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3110 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Lonn, E., Bosch, J., Teo, K. K., Pais, P., Xavier, D., & Yusuf, S. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.873232 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Stokholm, L., Simonsen, J., Hærskjold, A., Linder, M., Kieler, H., Thomsen, S. F., & Stensballe, L. G. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.003 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of the effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on acute coronary events
Mackay, D., Irfan, M. M., Haw, S. J., & Pell, J. P. (2010) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.199026 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Hospital Admissions for Childhood Asthma After Smoke-Free Legislation in England
Millett, C. J., Lee, J. T., Laverty, A. A., Glantz, S. A., & Majeed, A. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2592 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Weg, M. W. V., Cunningham, C. L., Howren, M. B., & Cai, X. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.11.005 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Stallings-Smith, S., Zeka, A., Goodman, P., Kabir, Z., & Clancy, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062063 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Epidemiological studies of the effects of comprehensive smoking bans in other countries have demonstrated reductions in mortality due to cardiovascular causes [8–11] and hospital admissions due to cardiovascular [11–20], cerebrovascular [12,20], and respiratory causes [12,20,21].”
BackgroundResultEffective tobacco control is key to rapid progress in reduction of non-communicable diseases
Glantz, S., & Gonzalez, M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60615-6 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Smoking restrictions and hospitalization for acute coronary events in Germany
Sargent, J. D., Demidenko, E., Malenka, D. J., Li, Z., Gohlke, H., & Hanewinkel, R. (2012) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-011-0385-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Dunbar, A., Gotsis, W., & Frishman, W. H. (2012) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0b013e31827362e4 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Stone, I. S., Barnes, N. C., & Petersen, S. E. (2012) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301759 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“The impact of SFL on COPD is unclear since the few studies that have assessed the rate of admissions for COPD exacerbations show conflicting results.(38) 39 This is in contrast to the data for CVD.”
ResultJones, M. R., Barnoya, J., Stranges, S., Losonczy, L. I., & Navas‐Acién, A. (2014) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-014-0020-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Lin, H., Wang, H., Wu, W., Lang, L., Wang, Q., & Tian, L. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-529 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“The harmful effects of smoking are not only confined to active tobacco consumers, but also for those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) [2], which is listed as the third leading cause of preventable poor health and premature deaths in the developed world [3].”
BackgroundPublic-Place Smoking Laws and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
Carpenter, C. S., Postolek, S., & Warman, C. (2011) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.3.3.35 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sims, M., Mindell, J. S., Jarvis, M. J., Feyerabend, C., Wardle, H., & Gilmore, A. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1103680 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Evidence of health benefits, most notably reductions in hospital admissions for coronary events, in the general population is also accumulating (BaroneAdesi et al. 2011; Juster et al. 2007; Naiman et al. 2010; Sims et al. 2010a).”
BackgroundAkter, S., Islam, M. R., Rahman, M. M., Rouyard, T., Nsashiyi, R. S., Hossain, F., & Nakamura, R. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.22341 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Smoke-free legislation and childhood hospitalisations for respiratory tract infections
Been, J. V., Millett, C. J., Lee, J. T., van Schayck, O. C. P., & Sheikh, A. (2015) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00014615 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Dilley, J. A., Harris, J. R., Boysun, M. J., & Reid, T. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300506 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Acute Pulmonary Admissions Following Implementation of a National Workplace Smoking Ban
Kent, B. D., Sulaiman, I., Nicholson, T. T., Lane, S. J., & Moloney, E. D. (2012) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.11-2757 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cronin, E. M., Kearney, P. M., Kearney, P. P., Sullivan, P. S., Perry, I. J., & on behalf of the Coronary Heart Attack Ireland Registry (CHAIR) Working Group (2012) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.21014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
White, H. L., Matheson, F. I., Moineddin, R., Dunn, J. R., & Glazier, R. H. (2010) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.11.016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGaudreau, K., Sanford, C. J., Cheverie, C., & McClure, C. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056102 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Current Canadian studies on the effect of smoking bans on cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalization rates in Toronto, a major urban area, and on the effect of smoking bans on AMI incidence in Saskatchewan, a dry prairie province do not account for the Atlantic Canadian climatic and socio-cultural context [14,18].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNaiman, A. B., Glazier, R. H., & Moineddin, R. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-146 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, other research has shown a significant reduction in hospital admissions following the introduction of these laws [24].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWeg, M. W. V., Rosenthal, G. E., & Vaughan‐Sarrazin, M. (2012) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0385 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Is Organ Donation From Brain Dead Donors Reaching an Inescapable and Desirable Nadir?
Kompanje, E. J. O., de Groot, Y. J., & Bakker, J. (2011) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0b013e3182180567 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Regarding the prevention of SAH and ICH, recent studies that examined the impact of antismoking legislation showed that crude rates of admission to hospital because of cardiovascular conditions, including stroke, decreased almost 40% during the ban period that affected restaurant settings; this reinforces the value of…”
BackgroundSchulzki, T., & Kuhn, M. U. (2011) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13206 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Association between smoke-free workplace and second-hand smoke exposure at home in India
Lee, J. T., Agrawal, S., Basu, S., Glantz, S. A., & Millett, C. J. (2013) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050817 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Acute Respiratory and Cardiovascular Admissions after a Public Smoking Ban in Geneva, Switzerland
Humair, J., Garin, N., Gerstel, E., Carballo, S., Carballo, D., Keller, P., & Guessous, I. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090417 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Two studies suggest a significant reduction of admissions for pneumonia and a controversial effect on COPD exacerbations, which does not emerge as significant in the metaanalysis [10,14,16].”
BackgroundResultLongitudinal Associations of Smoke-Free Policies and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Mayne, S. L., Widome, R., Carroll, A. J., Schreiner, P. J., Gordon‐Larsen, P., Jacobs, D. R., & Kershaw, K. N. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032302 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The impact of the Danish smoking ban on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction
Christensen, T. M., Møller, L., Jørgensen, T., & Pisinger, C. H. (2012) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312460213 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Fischer, F., & Kraemer, A. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3007-z · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Therefore, not only legislations are needed, but also further public health efforts to increase awareness of the risks associated with SHS exposure [45].”
BackgroundThe case for a worldwide ban on smoking in public places
Menzies, D. (2010) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0b013e328341ce98 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zheng, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, M., Wang, Z., Wang, S., Wang, J., Wu, J., Wu, T., Chang, C. J., & Hu, Y. (2020) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055663 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hawkins, S. S., Hristakeva, S., Gottlieb, M. A., & Baum, C. F. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Previous studies have found decreases in hospital admissions or ED visits for childhood asthma either overall (Naiman et al., 2010; Herman and Walsh, 2011) or among children only (Mackay et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLópez-Campos, J. L., Ruíz-Ramos, M., Fernández, E., & Soriano, J. B. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000354 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Examining Integrated Youth Services Using the Bioecological Model: Alignments and Opportunities
Halsall, T., Manion, I. G., & Henderson, J. L. (2018) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.4165 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Turning attention to the online environment, in Canada, 17% of children and youth between the ages of 15 and 29 have been cyberbullied or cyberstalked sometime in the previous five years [75].”
BackgroundInfluentialImpact of Scotland’s Comprehensive, Smoke-Free Legislation on Stroke
Mackay, D., Haw, S. J., Newby, D. E., Langhorne, P., Lloyd, S. M., McConnachie, A., & Pell, J. P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062597 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lower incidence of myocardial infarction after smoke-free legislation enforcement in Chile
Carolina Nazzal, N., & Harris, J. E. (2017) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.16.189894 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effect of smoke-free patio policy of restaurants and bars on exposure to second-hand smoke
Azagba, S. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Prehypertension: Underlying pathology and therapeutic options
Albarwani, S. (2014) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.728 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine
Jenssen, B. P., Walley, S. C., Boykan, R., Caldwell, A. L., Camenga, D. R., TREATMENT, S. O. N. A. T. P. A., Groner, J. A., Marbin, J. N., Mih, B., Rabinow, L., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-061804 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Impact of the 2002 Delaware Smoking Ordinance on Heart Attack and Asthma
Moraros, J., Bird, Y., Chen, S., Buckingham, R. W., Meltzer, R. S., Prapasiri, S., & Solis, L. H. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7124169 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Exposure to smoking on patios and quitting: a population representative longitudinal cohort study
Chaiton, M., Diemert, L. M., Zhang, B., Kennedy, R. D., Cohen, J. E., Bondy, S. J., & Ferrence, R. G. (2014) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051761 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sims, M., Maxwell, R. J., & Gilmore, A. (2013) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202841 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rando-Matos, Y., Pons-Vigués, M., López, M. J., Córdoba, R., Ballve-Moreno, J. L., Puigdomènech-Puig, E., Benito-López, V. E., Arias-Agudelo, O. L., López-Grau, M., Guardia-Riera, A., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181035 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Okoli, C. T. C., Johnson, A. O., Pederson, A., Adkins, S., & Rice, W. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002916 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Galán, I., Simón, L., Boldo, E., Ortíz, C., Fernández-Cuenca, R., Linares, C., Medrano, M. J., & Pastor‐Barriuso, R. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177979 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Séguret, F., Ferreira, C., Cambou, J., Carrière, I., & Thomas, D. (2013) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487313500569 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Impact of Smoke-Free Laws on Asthma Discharges: A Multistate Analysis
Landers, G. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301697 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of tobacco control policy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Russia
Gambaryan, M. G., Reeves, A., Деев, А. Д., Popovich, M. V., Drapkina, O. M., Snell, A., Stückler, D., Mauer-Stender, K., Mikkelsen, B., & Boytsov, S. A. (2018) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cky148 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lin, S., Jones, R. R., Pantea, C., Özkaynak, H., Rao, S. T., Hwang, S., & Garcia, V. C. (2012) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2012.69 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Manzanares-Laya, S., López, M. J., Sánchez‐Martínez, F., Fernández, E., & Nebot, M. (2011) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.06.006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“271 22,7 (21,6-23,8) 994 27,7 (26,2-29,2) < 0,01 1.”
InfluentialCroghan, I. T., Ebbert, J. O., Hays, J. T., Schroeder, D. R., Chamberlain, A. M., Roger, V. L., & Hurt, R. D. (2015) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/1471-2466-15-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Despite these limitations, the data presented does parallel the 22% postban reduction of respiratory ED visits associated with the smoke-free law of other geographic locations [26,30,31].”
BackgroundMethodSmoke-free legislation reduces hospital admissions for childhood lower respiratory tract infection
Lee, S. L., Wong, W. H. S., & Lau, Y. (2016) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052541 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Fischer, F., & Kraemer, A. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13020198 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“However, evidence for the impact of anti-smoking legislation on other cardiovascular or respiratory outcomes among non-smokers is still lacking [35].”
BackgroundClean Indoor Air Acts reduce the burden of adverse cardiovascular outcomes
Lippert, W. C., & Gustat, J. (2012) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.01.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ho, V., Ross, J. S., Steiner, C. A., Mandawat, A., Short, M., Ku-Goto, M.-H., & Krumholz, H. M. (2017) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558716668646 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Galán, I., Simón, L., Flores, V., Ortíz, C., Fernández-Cuenca, R., Linares, C., Boldo, E., Medrano, M. J., & Pastor‐Barriuso, R. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008892 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“7 Regions and countries where preventing SHS exposure is limited to the workplace failed to observe any bene fi ts 14 30 or were very limited.”
BackgroundA review of the evidence on smoking bans and incidence of heart disease
Lee, P. N., Fry, J. S., & Forey, B. A. (2014) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.014 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Shiue, I. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110303096 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
McDaniel, J. (2018) · Perspectives in Public Health · doi:10.1177/1757913918772598 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dusemund, F., Baty, F., & Brutsche, M. H. (2014) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051290 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Repace, J., Zhang, B., Bondy, S. J., Benowitz, N. L., & Ferrence, R. G. (2012) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bird, Y., Kashaniamin, L., Nwankwo, C., & Moraros, J. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8010020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Community Interventions for Childhood Asthma ED Visits and Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review
Gill, I. J., Shah, A., Lee, E. K., Sommer, R., Ross, K. R., Bole, A., & Freedman, D. A. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-054825 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gupta, R., Luo, J., Anderson, R. H., & Ray, A. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Johnson, E. L., & Beal, J. R. (2012) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nts216 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of Uruguay’s National 100% Smokefree Law on Emergency Visits for Bronchospasm
Kalkhoran, S. M., Sebrié, E. M., Sandoya, E., & Glantz, S. A. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.12.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Christophi, C. A., Paisi, M., Pampaka, D., Kehagias, M., Vardavas, C. I., & Connolly, G. N. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-76 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Over the past few years, an accumulating body of evidence has connected SHS with concerns about the health effects of indoor air-quality in public spaces, especially hospitality venues [6] and a number of studies have indicated that the introduction of smoking bans from all public spaces results in improved air-qualit…”
BackgroundFu, Z., Jiang, H., Xu, Z., Li, H., Wu, N., & Yin, P. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2020.03.145 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“At a level of society, the legislated bans on smoking seem to be associated with the reduced rates of exacerbation or admission to hospital in COPD population in some developed countries (36-38) and this advance may be mainly ascribed to the decrease of SHS.”
BackgroundCarrión-Valero, F., Izquierdo, J. Q. I., González-Monte, C., Taberner-Alberola, F., Rodrigo, J. A. L., Chorro, F. J., & Martin-Moreno, J. M. (2020) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2019.04.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The harmful effects of tobacco are not confined to active smokers, but also impact those exposed to secondhand smoke, which is listed as the third leading cause of preventable poor health and premature death in the developed world.(4) Despite compelling evidence of the benefits of laws and policies that prohibit smoki…”
BackgroundGambaryan, M. G., Drapkina, O. M., Васильевна, К. А., Popovich, M. V., & Salagai, O. O. (2022) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3194 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smoke-Free Policies and 30-Day Readmission Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Stallings‐Smith, S., Hamadi, H. Y., Peterson, B. N., Apatu, E., & Spaulding, A. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.06.008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Peña, M. S. B., Swett, K. R., Kaplan, R. C., Perreira, K. M., Daviglus, M. L., Kansal, M. M., Cai, J., Giachello, A. L. M., Gellman, M. D., Velazquez, E. J., et al. (2018) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000831 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Marchese, M. E., Shamo, F., Miller, C. E., Wahl, R. L., & Li, Y. (2015) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd12.150144 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vellakkal, S., Khan, Z., Alavani, H., Fledderjohann, J., & Stückler, D. (2022) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.03.021 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Habit or addiction: the critical tension in deciding who should enforce hospital smoke-free policies
Lawn, S. (2011) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.111579 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Economic Effect of Smoke-Free Ordinances on 11 Missouri Cities
Kayani, N., Cowan, S., Homan, S., Wilson, J., Warren, V., & Yun, S. (2012) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd9.110277 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yıldız, F., Baris, S. A., Başyiğit, İ., Boyacı, H., Aydinlik, H., & Sonmez, P. (2014) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2014.20.12.774 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“5% overall reduction in hospital admissions for respiratory conditions (17).”
BackgroundChen, C., Huang, Y., & Yang, C. (2018) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287394.2018.1547669 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Ideally, a study assessing the effects of SHS needs to be restricted to a non-smoking population (Naiman, Glazier, and Moineddin 2010).”
BackgroundReassessing the evidence relating smoking bans to heart disease
Lee, P. N., & Fry, J. S. (2011) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.09.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yang, Y.-N., Huang, Y., & Yang, C. (2017) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287394.2017.1367085 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The importance of restaurants in exposure to smoking may lie in their ubiquity and frequency at which individuals dine out (Naiman et al. 2010) and on health of restaurant workers (Madureira et al. 2012; Pacheco et al. 2012, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialAzagba, S., & Asbridge, M. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Analyses of the Impact of the Ohio Smoke-Free Workplace Act
Klein, E. G., & Hood, N. (2011) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Updating the evidence relating smoking bans to incidence of heart disease
Lee, P. N., Fry, J. S., & Thornton, A. J. (2018) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Smoking asthmatics, a neglected large phenotype of asthmatic patients
Katsaounou, P. A., Ioannou, M., Hyland, M. E., Odemyr, M., Otto, S., Anne, L., Matthias, G., Garcia, C. L., Xavier, J., & Ismail, K. (2019) · Open Journal of Asthma · doi:10.17352/oja.000010 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Furthermore, from observational studies it seems that smoke free laws reduce admission rates for asthma in adults and children [49,50].”
BackgroundВасильевна, К. А., Agishina, T. A., Gambaryan, M. G., Duplyakov, D. V., & Drapkina, O. M. (2020) · Экология человека · doi:10.33396/1728-0869-2020-5-37-44 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gambaryan, M. G., Васильевна, К. А., & Drapkina, O. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20105893 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A. Nyman et al. observed a 33% decrease in hospital admissions for respiratory diseases during a restaurant ban in Toronto [17].”
BackgroundResultMorito, N., Miura, S.-I., Yano, M., Hitaka, Y., Nishikawa, H., & Saku, K. (2015) · Cardiology Research · doi:10.14740/cr404e · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Salagay, O. О., Antonov, N. S., Sakharova, G. M., Peredelskaya, M. Y., Demidov, I., & Стародубов, В. И. (2019) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed2019220627 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ye, S., Wang, R., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology · doi:10.1007/s10742-021-00267-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“2011), several studies were conducted to evaluate the reductions in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory related outcomes (mortality, hospital admission, self-reported symptoms) following the implementation of the Irish smoking ban (Stallings-Smith et al. 2013; Goodman et al. 2007; Cronin et al. 2012; Naim…”
BackgroundAre you a regular passive smoker?
Mearns, B. M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.105 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Impact of smoke-free legislation on stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chua, Z. X., Amanda, C. Y. L., Lam, T. J. R., Ong, J. S. P., Lim, Y. W. S., Kumar, S., Lim, M. J. R., Tan, B. Y., Aik, J., & Ho, A. F. W. (2024) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/23969873241293566 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In two studies, 17,42 RR and CI was determined using a Poisson regression model accounting for temporal trends.”
Mackay, D., Irfan, M. M., Haw, S. J., & Pell, J. P. (2011) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2010.199026rep · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Naiman, A., Glazier, R. H., & Moineddin, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Joule Inc.
- Published
- 2010-04-12
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 761-767
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- PMC
- PMC2871198
- OpenAlex
- W2103760950
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 12.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences
- Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- smoking bans, anti-smoking legislation, passive smoking, hospitalization, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchitis, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Lung Diseases, Male, Ontario, Patient Admission, Smoking, Social Control, Formal, Tobacco Smoke Pollution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
