Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: We used the hospital discharge records of Piedmont region (northern Italy) to evaluate whether a national law banning smoking in public resulted in a short-term reduction in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Rates of admission for AMI before the ban (October-December 2004) and during the ban (February-June 2005) were analysed. Each period was compared with the corresponding period 12 months before. Among persons aged under 60, the number of admissions for AMI decreased significantly after the introduction of the ban: from 922 cases in February-June 2004 to 832 cases in February-June 2005 (sex- and age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.98). No decrease was seen before the ban. No effect was found among persons aged at least 60. We estimated that the observed reduction in active smoking after the introduction of the ban could account for a 0.7% decrease in admissions for AMI during the study period, suggesting that most of the observed effect (11%) might be due to the reduction of passive smoking. CONCLUSION: Our study, based on a population of about 4 million inhabitants, suggests that smoke-free policies may result in a short-term reduction in admissions for AMI.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease
(1959) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/22.4.719 · Cited by 14,689 · see citing works
Antman, E. M., Bassand, J., Klein, W. W., Ohman, M. E., Sendón, J. L. L., Rydén, L., Simoons, M. L., & Tendera, M. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00804-4 · Cited by 4,824 · see citing works
Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease
Ezzati, M., Lopez, A. D., Rodgers, A., Vander Hoorn, S., & Murray, C. J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11403-6 · Cited by 3,594 · see citing works
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
Brook, R. D., Franklin, B. A., Cascio, W. E., Hong, Y., Howard, G., D, M. L. M., Luepker, R. V., Mittleman, M. A., Samet, J. M., Smith, S. C., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000128587.30041.c8 · Cited by 2,417 · see citing works
Mortality in relation to smoking : 40 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, H. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,417 · see citing works
Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000
Ezzati, M., & Lopez, A. D. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14338-3 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Hall, E., Wheatley, K., & Gray, R. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.911 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking
Barnoya, J., & Glantz, S. A. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.492215 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence
Law, M. R., Morris, J. K., & Wald, N. J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7114.973 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Sargent, R. P., Shepard, R. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38055.715683.55 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Role of Smoking in Global and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality
Ezzati, M., Henley, S. J., Thun, M. J., & López, A. D. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.521708 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults
Otsuka, R. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.4.436 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Short-term Economic and Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
Lightwood, J. M., & Glantz, S. A. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.4.1089 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Fichtenberg, C., & Glantz, S. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200012143432406 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Boersma, E. H., Mercado, N. F., Poldermans, D., Gardien, M., Vos, J., & Simoons, M. L. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12712-2 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Summarizing indices for comparison of cancer incidence data
Doll, R., & Cook, P. J. (1967) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910020310 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Secondhand smoke as an acute threat for the cardiovascular system: a change in paradigm
Raupach, T., Schäfer, K., Konstantinides, S., & Andreas, S. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi601 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Bartecchi, C., Alsever, R. N., Nevin-Woods, C., Thomas, W. M., Estacio, R. O., Bartelson, B. B., & Krantz, M. J. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.615245 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Environmental tobacco smoke and ischemic heart disease
Law, M. R., & Wald, N. (2003) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(03)00078-1 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Climatological variations in daily hospital admissions for acute coronary syndromes
Panagiotakos, D. B., Chrysohoou, C. A., Pitsavos, C. S., Nastos, P. T., Anadiotis, A., Tentolouris, C., Stefanadis, C., TOUTOUZAS, P. K., & Paliatsos, A. (2004) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.04.050 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Effects of new smoking regulations in Italy
Gallus, S., Zuccaro, P., Colombo, P., Apolone, G., Pacifici, R., Garattini, S. K., & Vecchia, C. L. (2005) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdj070 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke?
Pechacek, T. F., & Babb, S. D. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7446.980 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Morita, H., Ikeda, H., Haramaki, N., Eguchi, H., & Imaizumi, T. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.061 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The effects of clean indoor air laws: what do we know and what do we need to know?
Levy, D. T. (2003) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyf045 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
A new definition for myocardial infarction: what difference does it make?
Salomaa, V. V., Koukkunen, H., Ketonen, M., Immonen‐Räihä, P., Kärjä-Koskenkari, P., Mustonen, J. N., Lehto, S., Torppa, J., Lehtonen, A., Tuomilehto, J., et al. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi185 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Passive smoking and platelet thromboxane
Schmid, P., Karanikas, G., Kritz, H., Pirich, C., Stamatopoulos, Y., Peskar, B. A., & Sinzinger, H. F. (1996) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/0049-3848(96)00017-5 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Prevalence of smoking and attitude towards smoking regulation in Italy, 2004
Gallus, S., Pacifici, R., Colombo, P., Scarpino, V., Zuccaro, P., Bosetti, C., Fernández, E., Apolone, G., & Vecchia, C. L. (2005) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/01.cej.0000180667.89087.b9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Alpert, J., Antman, E., Apple, F., Armstrong, P. W., Bassand, J., de Luna, A. D., Beller, G., Breithardt, G., Chaitman, B., Clemmensen, P., et al. (2000) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2305 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hurley, S. F. (2005) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06880.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gorini, G., Gasparrini, A., Fondelli, M. C., Costantini, A. S., Centrich, F., López, M. J., Manel Nebot, Y., & Tamang, E. (2005) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000189697.93532.53 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Smoking Ban — Made in Ireland, for Home Use and for Export
McElvaney, N. G. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp048097 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effective Interventions to Reduce Smoking-Induced Heart Disease Around the World
Barnoya, J., Bialous, S. A., & Glantz, S. A. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.554741 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke
Shah, R. S., & Cole, J. W. (2010) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.10.56 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Smoke-free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Pell, J. P., Haw, S., Cobbe, S., Newby, D. E., Pell, A. C. H., Fischbacher, C., McConnachie, A., Pringle, S., Murdoch, D., Dunn, F., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa0706740 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Effect of Bans on Smoking in Public Places
Meyers, D. G., Neuberger, J. S., & He, J. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.022 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Lightwood, J. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.870691 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Effect of the Italian Smoking Ban on Population Rates of Acute Coronary Events
Cesaroni, G., Forastiere, F., Agabiti, N., Valente, P., Zuccaro, P., & Perucci, C. A. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.729889 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The impact of a smoking ban on hospital admissions for coronary heart disease
Khuder, S. A., Milz, S., Jordan, T., Price, J., Silvestri, K., & Butler, P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.03.011 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Herman, P. M., & Walsh, M. E. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.179572 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Naiman, A., Glazier, R. H., & Moineddin, R. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.091130 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Stallings-Smith, S., Zeka, A., Goodman, P., Kabir, Z., & Clancy, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062063 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Grassi, M. C., Enea, D., Ferketich, A. K., Lu, B., & Nencini, P. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp110 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Worksite tobacco prevention in the Canton of Zurich: stages of change, predictors, and outcomes
Friedrich, V., Brügger, A., & Bauer, G. (2009) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-009-0084-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barone-Adesi, F., Vizzini, L., Merletti, F., & Richiardi, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-09-04
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2468-2472
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W2099428500
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 21.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Society of Cardiology
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- smoking bans, smoke-free public places, acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization, passive smoking, active smoking, tobacco control, short-term health effects, Piedmont
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adult, Aged, Female, Health Policy, Hospitalization, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Public Facilities, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review