Intra-individual variation of plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline over 1 year
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, while higher TMAO levels have been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular or renal events in first prospective studies, it remained unclear how much plasma TMAO concentrations vary over time. METHODS: We measured fasting plasma levels of TMAO and two of its precursors, betaine and choline by LC-MS, in two samples of 100 participants of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg study (age range: 47-80 years, 50% female) that were collected 1 year apart, and assessed their intra-individual variation by Spearman's correlation coefficients (ρ). RESULTS: Correlations of metabolite concentrations over 1 year were at ρ=0.29 (p=0.003) for TMAO, ρ=0.81 (p<0.001) for betaine, and ρ=0.61 (p<0.001) for choline. Plasma levels of TMAO were not significantly associated with food intake, lifestyle factors, or routine biochemistry parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, or creatinine. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to fasting plasma concentrations of betaine and choline, concentrations of TMAO were more strongly affected by intra-individual variation over 1 year in adults from the general population. The modest correlation of TMAO levels over time should be considered when interpreting associations between TMAO levels and disease endpoints.
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The EPIC-Heidelberg study found that fasting plasma TMAO varied more within individuals over one year than between people.
“The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg study evaluated individual variations in fasting plasma TMAO concentrations for one year.TMAO concentration varied within each individual over time more than it did between people (66).”
From Trimethylamine <i>N</i> -Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [66]
In EPIC-Heidelberg study participants, fasting plasma TMAO measured at two time points showed significant intra-individual variation.
“Kühn et al. measured fasting plasma levels of TMAO at two time points in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg study participants and noted a significant intra-individual variation in TMAO levels [22].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Kühn, T., Rohrmann, S., Sookthai, D., Johnson, T., Katzke, V., Kaaks, R., von Eckardstein, A., & Müller, D.
- Affiliations
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany , Phone: +49 6221 42 3184, Fax: +49 6221 42 2203
- University of Zurich (CH)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2016-07-22
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 261-268
- ISSN
- 1434-6621 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-4331
- OpenAlex
- W2481133299
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01ER0809)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Keywords
- trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, choline, within-person variability, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, dietary precursors, EPIC-Heidelberg cohort
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Betaine, Choline, Chromatography, Liquid, Female, Humans, Male, Methylamines, Middle Aged, Mass Spectrometry, Time Factors
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