Nitrate Exposure and Endogenous Formation of Carcinogenic Nitrosamines in Humans
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When ingested nitrate and nitrite are paired with plant- and fruit-based polyphenols and essential nutrients such as ascorbate, gastric nitrosation is inhibited.
“Excitingly, when ingested nitrate and nitrite are rather paired with plant- and fruit-based polyphenols and essential nutrients such as ascorbate, gastric nitrosation is inhibited[162,167,168]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [162]
Cites
Estimates of the worldwide incidence of 25 major cancers in 1990
Parkin, D. M., Pisani, P., & Ferlay, J. (1999) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990315)80:6 · Cited by 2,013 · see citing works
Ohshima, H., & Bartsch, H. (1994) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/0027-5107(94)90245-3 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Mirvish, S. S. (1995) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3835(95)03786-v · Cited by 916 · see citing works
CYANOSIS IN INFANTS CAUSED BY NITRATES IN WELL WATER
Comly, H. H. (1945) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1945.02860360014004 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Spiegelhalder, B., Eisenbrand, G., & Preussmann, R. (1976) · Food and Cosmetics Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0015-6264(76)80005-3 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
N-Nitroso compounds in the diet
Lijinsky, W. (1999) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s1383-5742(99)00015-0 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Walker, R. (1990) · Food Additives and Contaminants · doi:10.1080/02652039009373938 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds
Gangolli, S. D., van den Brandt, P. A., Feron, V. J., Janzowsky, C., Koeman, J. H., Speijers, G. J. A., Spiegelhalder, B., Walker, R., & Wishnok, J. S. (1994) · European Journal of Pharmacology: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0926-6917(94)90022-1 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on human health: a review.
Bruning-Fann, C. S., & Kaneene, J. B. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Ohshima, H., & Bartsch, H. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Dietary nitrate in man: friend or foe?
McKnight, G. M., Duncan, C. W., Leifert, C., & Golden, M. H. (1999) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711459900063x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Inhibitors of endogenous nitrosation mechanisms and implications in human cancer prevention
Bartsch, H., Ohshima, H., & Pignatelli, B. (1988) · Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/0027-5107(88)90194-7 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Special report animal species in which n‐nitroso compounds induce cancer
Bogovski, P., & Bogovski, S. (1981) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910270408 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Drinking Water Nitrate and the Risk of Non-Hodgkinʼs Lymphoma
Ward, M. H., Mark, S. D., Cantor, K. P., Weisenburger, D. D., Correa, A., & Zahm, S. H. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199609000-00003 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Tricker, A. R. (1997) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-199706000-00003 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Survey of Literature Relating to Infant Methemoglobinemia Due to Nitrate-Contaminated Water
Walton, G. (1951) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.41.8_pt_1.986 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Infantile methemoglobinemia: Reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates
Avery, A. A. (1999) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.99107583 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Approaches to Cancer Prevention Based on an Understanding of N-Nitrosamine Carcinogenesis
Hecht, S. S. (1997) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-216-44168 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Occupational Exposure to 60-Hertz Magnetic Fields and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women
Coogan, P. F., Clapp, R., Newcomb, P. A., Wenzl, T. B., Bogdan, G., Mittendorf, R., Baron, J. A., & Longnecker, M. P. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199609000-00002 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Blood nitrates and infantile methemoglobinemia
Hegesh, E., & Shiloah, J. (1982) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(82)90187-5 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The Mammalian Respiratory System and Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health
Pinkerton, K. E., & Joad, J. P. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3457 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Consumption of drinking water with high nitrate levels causes hypertrophy of the thyroid
van Maanen, J. M. S., Vries, A. V. D., Mulder, K., de Baets, M., Menheere, P. P. C. A., van der Heide, D., Mertens, P. L. J. M., & Kleinjans, J. C. S. (1994) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90050-7 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Parslow, R. C., McKinney, P. A., Law, G. R., Staines, A. S., Williams, R., & Bodansky, H. J. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050714 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Nitrate Levels in Community Drinking Waters and Risk of IDDM: An ecological analysis
Kostraba, J. N., Gay, E. C., Rewers, M., & Hamman, R. F. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.11.1505 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lu, S.-H., Ohshima, H., Fu, H.-M., Tian, Y., Li, F.-M., Blettner, M., Wahrendorf, J., & Bartsch, H. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Vermeer, I. T. M., Pachen, D. M. F. A., Dallinga, J. W., Kleinjans, J. C. S., & van Maanen, J. M. S. (1998) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.106-1533225 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Evaluation of fecal mutagenicity and colorectal cancer risk
de Kok, T. M. C. M., & van Maanen, J. M. S. (2000) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/s1383-5742(00)00003-x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The experimental basis for the role of nitroso compounds in human cancer.
Pn, M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Preformed N-nitroso compounds in foods and beverages.
Hotchkiss, J. H. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 107 · see citing works
DIABETES PRODUCED IN MICE BY SMOKED/CURED MUTTON
Helgason, T., Ewen, S. W. B., Ross, I. S., & Stowers, J. M. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90052-6 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Bartsch, H., Ohshima, H., Pignatelli, B., & Calmels, S. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Exposure of humans to endogenous N-nitroso compounds: implications in cancer etiology
Bartsch, H., Ohshima, H., Shuker, D. E. G., Pignatelli, B., & Calmels, S. (1990) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0165-1110(90)90017-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Hartman, P. E. (1983) · Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.2860050112 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
van Maanen, J. M. S., Welle, I. J., Hageman, G. J., Dallinga, J. W., Mertens, P. L. J. M., & Kleinjans, J. C. S. (1996) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.96104522 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Jaffé, E. R. (1981) · Clinics in Haematology · doi:10.1016/s0308-2261(21)00211-3 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Vermeer, I. T. M., Moonen, E. J. C., Dallinga, J. W., Kleinjans, J. C. S., & van Maanen, J. M. S. (1999) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s1383-5742(99)00061-7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Chen, J., Ohshima, H., Pignatelli, B., Boreham, J., Li, J., Campbell, T. C., Peto, R., & Bartsch, H. (1993) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910540502 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Shapiro, K. B., Hotchkiss, J. H., & Roe, D. A. (1991) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0278-6915(91)90183-8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Gilli, G., Corrao, G., & Favilli, S. (1984) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/0048-9697(84)90039-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Environmental exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NNOC) and precursors
Bartsch, H., & Spiegelhalder, B. (1996) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-199609000-00003 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
van Maanen, J. M. S., Albering, H. J., de Kok, T. M. C. M., Breda, S. G. J. V., Curfs, D. M. J., Vermeer, I. T. M., Ambergen, A. W., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Kleinjans, J. C. S., & Reeser, H. M. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108457 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Methylated purines in human liver DNA after probable dimethylnitrosamine poisoning.
Herron, D. C., & Shank, R. C. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effect of Dietary Nitrate on Thyroid Function
Bloomfield, R. A., Welsch, C. W., Garner, G. B., & Muhrer, M. E. (1961) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.134.3491.1690 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
van Maanen, J. M. S., Pachen, D. M. F. A., Dallinga, J. W., & Kleinjans, J. C. S. (1998) · Cancer Detection and Prevention · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1500.1998.0oa26.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Endogenous Nitrosation
Tannenbaum, S. R. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9640-7_67 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Stillwell, W. G., Glogowski, J. A., Hx, X., Wishnok, J. S., Zavala, D., Montes, G., Correa, P., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Wagner, D. A., Shuker, D. E. G., Bilmazes, C., Obiedziński, M. W., Baker, I., Young, V. R., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Levallois, P., Ayotte, P., van Maanen, J. M. S., Desrosiers, T., Gingras, S., Dallinga, J. W., Vermeer, I. T. M., Zee, J. A., & Poirier, G. G. (2000) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00089-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pignatelli, B., Béréziat, J., Descotes, G., & Bartsch, H. (1982) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/3.9.1045 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Xu, G., Song, P., & Reed, P. I. (1992) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-199210000-00007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Garland, W., Kuenzig, W., Rubio, F., Kornychuk, H., Norkus, E. P., & Conney, A. H. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nitrate contamination of drinking water: evaluation of genotoxic risk in human populations.
Kleinjans, J. C. S., Albering, H. J., Marx, A., van Maanen, J. M. S., Agen, B. V., ten Hoor, F., Swaen, G. M. H., & Mertens, P. L. J. M. (1991) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.94-1567968 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Integration of QSAR and in vitro toxicology.
Barratt, M. D. (1998) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.98106459 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Spiegelhalder, B., & Preußmann, R. (1985) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/6.4.545 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nitrate Contamination of Drinking Water: Evaluation of Genotoxic Risk in Human Populations
Kleinjans, J. C. S., Albering, H. J., Marx, A., van Maanen, J. M. S., Agen, B. V., ten Hoor, F., Swaen, G. M. H., & Mertens, P. L. J. M. (1991) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3431312 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Fussgaenger, R. D., & DITSCHUNEIT, H. H. (2009) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000225451 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis
Hill, M. J. (1994) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-199412002-00005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pedal, I., Besserer, K., Goerttler, K., Heymer, B., Mittmeyer, H. J., Oehmichen, M., & Schm�hl, D. (1982) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf00373392 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis
Hill, M. J. (1993) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-199306000-00012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Organic Food: Buying More Safety or Just Peace of Mind? A Critical Review of the Literature
Magkos, F., Arvaniti, F., & Zampelas, A. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408690490911846 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Koch, C. D., Gladwin, M. T., Freeman, B. A., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Morris, A. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Nitrate from Drinking Water and Diet and Bladder Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women in Iowa
Jones, R. R., Weyer, P. J., DellaValle, C. T., Inoue‐Choi, M., Anderson, K. E., Cantor, K. P., Krasner, S. W., Robien, K., Freeman, L. E. B., Silverman, D. T., et al. (2016) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp191 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review
Zamani, H., de Joode, M. E. J. R., Hossein, I. J., Henckens, N. F. T., Guggeis, M. A., Berends, J. E., de Kok, T. M. C. M., & Breda, S. G. J. V. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1746629 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Ahluwalia, A., Gladwin, M., Coleman, G. D., Hord, N., Howard, G., Kim‐Shapiro, D. B., Lajous, M., Larsen, F. J., Lefer, D. J., McClure, L. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003402 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Putting the safety of organic food into perspective
Magkos, F., Arvaniti, F., & Zampelas, A. (2003) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr200361 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Manchuri, K. M., Shaik, M. A., REDDY, G. V., Sultana, N., & Gogineni, S. (2024) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00234 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Role of DNA Damage Response in Dysbiosis-Induced Colorectal Cancer
Rivas-Domínguez, A., Pastor, N., Martínez-López, L. M., Colón-Pérez, J., Bermúdez, B., & Orta, M. L. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10081934 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Risk Assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine Formed Endogenously after Fish-with-Vegetable Meals
Zeilmaker, M. J., Bakker, M. I., Schothorst, R. C., & Slob, W. (2010) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfq093 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Unkles, S. E., Rouch, D. A., Wang, Y., Siddiqi, M. Y., Glass, A. D. M., & Kinghorn, J. R. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405054101 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Berends, J. E., van den Berg, L. M. M., Guggeis, M. A., Henckens, N. F. T., Hossein, I. J., de Joode, M. E. J. R., Zamani, H., van Pelt, K. A. A. J., Beelen, N. A., Kuhnle, G., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20092277 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mariyappan, V., Chen, S., Murugan, K., Jeevika, A., Jeyapragasam, T., & Ramachandran, R. (2022) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128271 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nitrate: “the source makes the poison”
Bowles, E., Burleigh, M. C., Mira, Á., van Breda, S. G., Weitzberg, E., & Rosier, B. T. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2024.2395488 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Robles, H. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00523-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Therapeutic Implications of Nitrite in Hypertension
Ling, W. C., Mustafa, M. R., & Murugan, D. D. (2019) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000000771 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Salem, A., Ammar, A., Kerkeni, M., Boujelbane, M. A., Uyar, A. M., Köbel, L. M., Selvaraj, S. A., Zare, R., Heinrich, K. M., Jahrami, H., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17101720 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ngà, N. T. T., Nguyen, B. X., Habibi, N., Dabirimirhosseinloo, M., Oliveira, L. D. A., Terada, N., Sanada, A., Kamata, A., & Koshio, K. (2025) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants14060917 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reactivity and Diffusivity of Nitrogen Oxides in Mammalian Biology
Lancaster, J. R. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48412-9_4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Unkles, S. E., Symington, V. F., Kotur, Z., Wang, Y., Siddiqi, M. Y., Kinghorn, J. R., & Glass, A. D. M. (2011) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.05199-11 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Roos, A. J. D., & Ward, M. H. (2004) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000122631.63762.b2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yuschen, X., Choi, J.-H., Seo, J., Sun, Y., Lee, E., Kim, S.-W., & Park, H. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12131240 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Of Reductionism and The Pendulum Swing: Connecting Toxicology and Human Health
Hanekamp, J. C., Bast, A., & Kwakman, J. H. J. M. (2011) · Dose-Response · doi:10.2203/dose-response.11-018.hanekamp · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Shahid, M., Srivastava, S., Shukla, P., Yadav, R. K., Sajid, M., Kumar, A., Singh, S., & Bharadwaj, M. (2023) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1467_22 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Robles, H. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00694-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Jiang, B., Wang, X., Liu, N., Yang, M., Wang, S., Guo, Y., & Zhou, D. (2023) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.12786 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of blackening parameters on the formation and adhesion of oxide on AISI 4140 steel
Chandra-ambhorn, S., Srihirun, S., & Siripongsakul, T. (2018) · Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials · doi:10.1108/acmm-12-2017-1877 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nitrogen Monoxide (Nitric Oxide): Bioinorganic Chemistry
Lancaster, J. R., & Giles, G. I. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0145 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Shashikumar, U., Naik, H. N., Veerabhadra, J. E., Krishnamoorthi, V., Tsai, P.-C., Huang, P.-C., Chen, Y.-H., Jauhari, S., Lin, Y.-C., Ponnusamy, V. K., et al. (2026) · Current Pollution Reports · doi:10.1007/s40726-026-00398-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Structure and function of nitrate and nitrite transporters, NrtA and NitA, from Aspergillus nidulans
Symington, V. F. (2009) · St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)
Nitrosaminen uit rubbergranulaat
van, B. M., van, P. E., Pjcm, J., GelderlandMidden, A. H., & Sir, . (2007) · Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment)
How Ontario's urban householders manage their ecosystem: A ten-year study in Kitchener-Waterloo
Ellis, P. (2006) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Nitrogen Monoxide (Nitric Oxide): Bioinorganic Chemistry
Lancaster, J. R., & Giles, G. I. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/0470862106.ia155
McGuigan, C. F. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.00750-8
Effect of nitrate on human cell lines in culture
McGuigan, C. F. (2007) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Samuel, Z., Mashazi, P., & Nyokong, T. (2026) · Inorganica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.ica.2026.123152
Linh, B. T. N., Sivasubramanian, P., & Chen, C. D. (2026) · Materials Science and Engineering B · doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2026.119533
- Authors
- Vermeer, I. T. M., & van Maanen, J. M. S.
- Venue
- Reviews on Environmental Health
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-16
- ISSN
- 0048-7554 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0308
- OpenAlex
- W2320504244
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews on Environmental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- Keywords
- nitrate exposure, nitrosamines, endogenous nitrosation, carcinogenicity, dietary nitrate, nitrite, nitrosamine formation
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Carcinogens, Environmental Exposure, Europe, Humans, Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitrosamines, Nitroso Compounds, Risk, Water Pollution, Chemical, Water Supply, World Health Organization, Carcinogenicity Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review