The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gliotransmitters and cytokines in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability
Abstract
The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to the regulation of neuroplasticity or neurovascular unit (NVU) is based on the coordinated secretion of gliotransmitters and cytokines and the release and uptake of metabolites. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and angiogenesis are influenced by perivascular cells contacting with the abluminal side of brain microvessel endothelial cells (pericytes, astrocytes) or by immune cells existing (microglia) or invading the NVU (macrophages) under pathologic conditions. The release of gliotransmitters or cytokines by activated astroglial and microglial cells is provided by distinct mechanisms, affects intercellular communication, and results in the establishment of microenvironment controlling BBB permeability and neuroinflammation. Glial glutamate transporters and connexin and pannexin hemichannels working in the tight functional coupling with the purinergic system serve as promising molecular targets for manipulating the intercellular communications that control BBB permeability in brain pathologies associated with excessive angiogenesis, cerebrovascular remodeling, and BBB-mediated neuroinflammation. Substantial progress in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the (patho)physiology of perivascular glia provides promising approaches to novel clinically relevant therapies for brain disorders. The present review summarizes the current understandings on the secretory machinery expressed in glial cells (glutamate transporters, connexin and pannexin hemichannels, exocytosis mechanisms, membrane-derived microvesicles, and inflammasomes) and the role of secreted gliotransmitters and cytokines in the regulation of NVU and BBB permeability in (patho)physiologic conditions.
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Astrocyte reactivity has frequently been associated with neuroinflammation, unfavorable glial scar formation, glutamate dyshomeostasis, altered coverage of synapses and blood vessels, and BBB breakout.
“Hence, astrocyte reactivity has frequently been associated with neuroinflammation, unfavorable glial scar formation [7, 8, 9, 37, 38, 43, 48, 49], glutamate dyshomeostasis [43, 50, 51], altered coverage of synapses and blood vessels, and BBB breakout [38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Astrocyte-mediated inflammation is associated with vascular deterioration and BBB breakdown.
“In fact, astroglial reactivity [1], astrocyte‐mediated inflammation [50], and glutamate dyshomeostasis [51] are associated with vascular deterioration and BBB breakdown.”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Both proinflammatory molecules and glutamate have been broadly shown to impair the structure and function of brain endothelium.
“Both proinflammatory molecules and glutamate have been broadly shown to impair the structure and function of brain endothelium [50, 51].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Hyperactivated astrocytes and microglia support excitotoxicity through the exacerbated release of glutamate in response to Aβ, and GABA‐producing astrocytes are commonly found in AD.
“hyperactivated astrocytes and microglia, support excitotoxicity through the exacerbated release of glutamate in response to Aβ [37, 38, 40, 43, 50, 51, 117, 118], and even GABA‐producing astrocytes are commonly found in AD [42, 97, 119].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Astrocyte reactivity is tightly linked to endothelial, which are in turn associated with loss of vascular structural integrity and opening of the BBB.
“Astrocyte reactivity is tightly linked to endothelial [50], which are in turn associated with loss of vascular structural integrity and opening of the BBB [15, 28, 38, 45, 107, 109, 121].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
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Henao‐Restrepo, J., López‐Murillo, C., Valderrama‐Carmona, P., Orozco‐Santa, N., Gomez, J., Gutiérrez‐Vargas, J., Moraga, R., Toledo, J., Littau, J. L., Härtel, S., et al. (2023) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13119 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Osipova, E. D., Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, O. V., Morgun, A. V., Pisareva, N. V., Malinovskaya, N. A., Boitsova, E. B., Pozhilenkova, E. A., Belova, O. A., Salmin, V. V., Taranushenko, T. E., Noda, M., & Salmina, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Saratov State University (RU)
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (RU)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Salmina, Alla B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Reviews in the Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2018-07-26
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 567-591
- ISSN
- 0334-1763 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0200
- OpenAlex
- W2781614775
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in the Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17K08276)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Keywords
- gliotransmitters, cytokines, blood-brain barrier permeability, neurovascular unit, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, glutamate transporters, connexin hemichannels, purinergic signaling, exocytosis, inflammasome, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular remodeling, intercellular communication
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Astrocytes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Humans, Permeability, Cytokines, Pericytes
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