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Astrocytes contain a vesicular compartment that is competent for regulated exocytosis of glutamate

Bezzi, Paola, Gundersen, Vidar, Galbete, José Luis, Seifert, Gerald, Steinhäuser, Christian, Pilati, Ethel, Volterra, Andrea·2004·Nature Neuroscience
DOI 10.1038/nn1246
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Abstract

Astrocytes establish rapid cell-to-cell communication through the release of chemical transmitters. The underlying mechanisms and functional significance of this release are, however, not well understood. Here we identify an astrocytic vesicular compartment that is competent for glutamate exocytosis. Using postembedding immunogold labeling of the rat hippocampus, we show that vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1/2) and the vesicular SNARE protein, cellubrevin, are both expressed in small vesicular organelles that resemble synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic terminals. Astrocytic vesicles, which are not as densely packed as their neuronal counterparts, can be observed in small groups at sites adjacent to neuronal structures bearing glutamate receptors. Fluorescently tagged VGLUT-containing vesicles were studied dynamically in living astrocytes by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. After activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors, astrocytic vesicles underwent rapid (milliseconds) Ca(2+)- and SNARE-dependent exocytic fusion that was accompanied by glutamate release. These data document the existence of a Ca(2+)-dependent quantal glutamate release activity in glia that was previously considered to be specific to synapses.

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  • Glial cells respond to nearly all types of central nervous system insults or neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, with reactive gliosis ranging from upregulation of gene transcription to enhanced secretion of matricellular proteins for remodeling of extracellular matrix surrounding neurons.

    “Glial cells respond to nearly all types of central nervous system (CNS) insults or neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.These glial responses, so called”

    From Differential protective effects of connective tissue growth factor against Aβ neurotoxicity on neurons and glia (2017) · cites this paper as [8]

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Metadata

Authors
Bezzi, P., Gundersen, V., Galbete, J. L., Seifert, G., Steinhäuser, C., Pilati, E., & Volterra, A.
Venue
Nature Neuroscience
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-05-23
Volume
7
Issue
6
Pages
613-620
ISSN
  • 1097-6256
  • 1546-1726
DOI
10.1038/nn1246
Cited by
671
References
2
Language
en
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

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