Cited by 600Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Aβ induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss

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Talantova, Maria, Sanz-Blasco, Sara, Zhang, Xiaofei, Xia, Peng, Akhtar, Mohd Waseem, Okamoto, Shu-ichi, Dziewczapolski, Gustavo, Nakamura, Tomohiro +30 more·2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: Communication between nerve cells occurs at specialized cellular structures known as synapses. Loss of synaptic function is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains incompletely understood. Here we describe a pathway for synaptic damage whereby amyloid-β 1–42 peptide (Aβ 1–42 ) releases, via stimulation of α7 nicotinic receptors, excessive amounts of glutamate from astrocytes, in turn activating extrasynaptic NMDA-type glutamate receptors (eNMDARs) to mediate synaptic damage. The Food and Drug Administration-approved drug memantine offers some beneficial effect, but the improved eNMDAR antagonist NitroMemantine completely ameliorates Aβ-induced synaptic loss, providing hope for disease-modifying intervention in AD.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1306832110

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  • Hyperactivated astrocytes and microglia support excitotoxicity through the exacerbated release of glutamate in response to Aβ, and GABA‐producing astrocytes are commonly found in AD.

    “hyperactivated astrocytes and microglia, support excitotoxicity through the exacerbated release of glutamate in response to Aβ [37, 38, 40, 43, 50, 51, 117, 118], and even GABA‐producing astrocytes are commonly found in AD [42, 97, 119].”

    From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [117]

    The Discussion reports that oligomeric Aβ induces excessive glutamate release from astrocytes, activating extrasynaptic NMDA receptors and contributing to synaptic damage. The FRET-Based Imaging section does not establish glutamate release by microglia; it reports that removing microglia did not change the measured release. The GABA-producing-astrocyte clause has different citations and is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Up-regulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in astrocytes causes abnormal astrocytic Ca2+ elevations and massive glutamate release.

    “Up-regulated receptors included α7 nicotinic Ach receptors 94 , Ca 2+ -permeant ligand-gated channels whose up-regulation causes abnormal astrocytic Ca 2+ elevations and massive glutamate release 95, 96”
  • Aβ42 oligomers released from neurons bind directly to α7nAChRs in adjacent astrocytes, inducing astrocytic glutamate release.

    “In addition, Aβ42 oligomers released from neurons can bind directly to α7nAChRs in adjacent astrocytes, thereby inducing astrocytic glutamate release [380].”
  • Neuronal FcγRIIb binds Aβ42 with high affinity and mediates neurotoxicity and memory impairment triggered by Aβ.

    “Neuronal FcγRIIb can bind to Aβ42 with a high affinity, and mediate neurotoxicity and memory impairment triggered by Aβ [240, 376–380].”
  • Excreted glutamate activates extrasynaptic NMDARs in neurons within neuron/astrocyte conjugates, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase 3 activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, NO/ROS/VEGF production, and dendritic spine/synaptic damage.

    “Excreted glutamate can activate extrasynaptic NMDAR in neurons residing within neuron/astrocyte conjugates, resulting in Ca2+ efflux. This triggers multiple events, including mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase 3 activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and excessive production of NO, ROS and VEG-F. These events result in damage to dendritic spines and neuronal synapses, disrupting neuronal/astrocytic”

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Authors
Talantova, M., Sanz-Blasco, S., Zhang, X., Xia, P., Akhtar, M. W., Okamoto, S.-I., Dziewczapolski, G., Nakamura, T., Cao, G., Pratt, A. E., Kang, Y.-J., Tu, S., Molokanova, E., McKercher, S. R., Hires, S. A., Sason, H., Stouffer, D. G., Buczynski, M. W., Solomon, J. P., Michael, S., Powers, E. T., Kelly, J. W., Roberts, A., Tong, G., Fang-Newmeyer, T., Parker, J., Holland, E. A., Zhang, D., Nakanishi, N., Chen, H.-S. V., Wolosker, H., Wang, Y., Parsons, L. H., Ambasudhan, R., Masliah, E., Heinemann, S. F., Piña-Crespo, J. C., & Lipton, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
  • Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
  • Scripps Research Institute (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Jinan University (CN)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2013-06-17
Volume
110
Issue
27
Pages
E2518-27
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2001261203
Cited by
600
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 6
FWCI
24.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH1010093, W81XWH)
  • American Heart Association
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ag010436-15, W81XWH, DA017259, AG005131)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020404)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01 AG-010436, P50AG005131, P01 AG010436)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T35HL007491)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (P01DA017259)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS076411, R01NS050636)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01ES016738)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD29587, P01HD029587)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
amyloid-beta, extrasynaptic NMDA receptors, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, synaptic loss, Alzheimer's disease, miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, nitric oxide, tau phosphorylation, caspase-3, hippocampus, synaptic depression, amyloid-beta oligomers
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Astrocytes, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Neural Inhibition, Peptide Fragments, Receptors, Nicotinic, Synapses, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Glutamic Acid, Coculture Techniques, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Mice, Rats, HEK293 Cells, alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

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