Α Review on the Acute Phase Response in Major Depression
Abstract
There is some evidence that major depression is characterized by systemic immune activation with involvement of phagocytic cells, T cell activation, B cell proliferation and increased autoantibody production. This paper reviews that major depression may be accompanied by higher concentrations of positive and lower concentrations of negative acute phase proteins (APPs). The most prominent abnormalities of APPs in major depression are increased haptoglobin (Hp) plasma levels. The latter are significantly and positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-6 production, various indices of systemic immune activation (e.g. monocytosis, neutrophilia, T cell activation) and with the vegetative symptoms of depression (e.g. anorexia, weight loss, psychomotor retardation, sleep disorders, anergy). Major depression is characterized by an altered distribution of Hp phenotypes and genes suggesting that genetic variation on chromosome 16 may be associated with this illness. It is concluded that increased production of IL-6 and IL-1 in major depression may underlie both immune activation and the "acute" phase response in that illness, and that disorders in Hp may be related to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of major depression.
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Depression is characterized by an activated innate immune system.
“depression is characterized by an activated innate immune system”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Maes, 1993
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“This perspective was subsequently elaborated by Michael Maes, who observed that depression is characterized by an activated innate immune system (Maes, 1993; Maes, Smith, & Scharpe, 1995).”
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- Authors
- Maes, M.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals of Cleveland (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maes, Michael
- ORCID
- Maes, Michael
- Venue
- Reviews in the Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 407-16
- ISSN
- 0334-1763 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0200
- OpenAlex
- W2035252904
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in the Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, acute phase response, acute phase proteins, haptoglobin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, systemic immune activation, T cell activation, B cell proliferation, autoantibodies, haptoglobin phenotypes, chromosome 16, depression pathophysiology, vegetative symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Acute-Phase Proteins, Acute-Phase Reaction, Depression, Genotype, Haptoglobins, Humans, Interleukins, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Phenotype
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