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Measurement of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems

Endsley, Mica R.·1995·Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

DOI 10.1518/001872095779049499

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Abstract

Methodologies for the empirical measurement of situation awareness are reviewed, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the potential limitations of the measures from a theoretical and practical viewpoint. Two studies are presented that investigate questions of validity and intrusiveness regarding a query-based technique. This technique requires that a simulation of the operational tasks be momentarily interrupted in order to query operators on their situation awareness. The results of the two studies indicate that the query technique is not intrusive on normal subject behavior during the trial and does not suffer from limitations of human memory, which provides an indication of empirical validity. The results of other validity studies regarding the technique are discussed along with recommendations for its use in measuring situation awareness in varied settings.

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Authors: Endsley, M. R.
Affiliations: Texas Tech University (US)
Corresponding author: Endsley, Mica R.
ORCID: Endsley, Mica R.
Venue: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1995-03
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-84
ISSN: 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
1547-8181
DOI: 10.1518/001872095779049499
OpenAlex: W2069757512
Cited by: 2,039
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 72
FWCI: 27.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Military Strategy and Technology
Keywords: situational awareness, situation awareness measurement, measurement validity, intrusiveness, dynamical systems, operator performance

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Measurement of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems

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