The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems
Abstract
Methodologies for the empirical measurement of situation awareness are reviewed, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the potential limitations of the measures from a theoretical and practical viewpoint. Two studies are presented that investigate questions of validity and intrusiveness regarding a query-based technique. This technique requires that a simulation of the operational tasks be momentarily interrupted in order to query operators on their situation awareness. The results of the two studies indicate that the query technique is not intrusive on normal subject behavior during the trial and does not suffer from limitations of human memory, which provides an indication of empirical validity. The results of other validity studies regarding the technique are discussed along with recommendations for its use in measuring situation awareness in varied settings.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Situation Awareness (SA) theory conceptualizes reasoning as a progression through three stages: Perception (noticing elements), Comprehension (interpreting their meaning), and Projection (anticipating consequences) [21, 22].”
From Criticmate: Stagewise Human–AI Co-Critique in Single-Screen UI Evaluation (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“expert evaluators naturally distribute their work across Perception , Comprehension , and Projection [21, 22], weaving together global and local reasoning and gradually moving from surface checks toward root-cause diagnosis.”
From Criticmate: Stagewise Human–AI Co-Critique in Single-Screen UI Evaluation (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Citations
Cites
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317 · cited 3×
“est and the administration of the questionnaire (Nisbett and Wilson, 1977).”
BackgroundInfluentialChase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90004-2 · Cited by 4,479
On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning.
Jacoby, L. L., & Dallas, M. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.110.3.306 · Cited by 2,562
Interaction of information in word recognition.
Morton, J. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0027366 · Cited by 2,206
Cowan, N. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.163 · Cited by 1,918
How many memory systems are there?
Tulving, E. (1985) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.40.4.385 · Cited by 1,909
Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT)
Endsley, M. R. (2003) · Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference · doi:10.1109/naecon.1988.195097 · Cited by 956
Self-citationToward a theory of memory and attention.
Norman, D. A. (1968) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0026699 · Cited by 786
Situational Awareness Rating Technique (Sart): The Development of a Tool for Aircrew Systems Design
Taylor, R. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315087924-8 · Cited by 530
Situation Awareness: A Critical But Ill-Defined Phenomenon
Sarter, N. B., & Woods, D. D. (1991) · International Journal of Aviation Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap0101_4 · Cited by 524
Research works printed but not linked: 22
- Bolstad, C. A., 1990, Single versus dual scale range display investigation
- Carmody, M. A., 1993, Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 167
- Endsley, M. R., 1987, SAGAT: A methodology for the measurement of situation awareness
- Endsley, M. R., 1989, Final report: Situation awareness in an advanced strategic mission
- Endsley, M. R., 1989, Tactical simulation 3 test report: Addendum 1 situation awareness evaluations
- Endsley, M. R., 1990, In Situational awareness in aerospace operations
- Endsley, M. R., 1990, Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT): Air-to-air tactical version user guide
- Endsley, M. R., 1990, Situation awareness in dynamic human decision making: Theory and measurement.
- Endsley, M. R., 1994, Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT): En route air traffic control version user's guide
- Fracker, M. L., 1990, Situational awareness in aerospace operations, 6/1
- Herrmann, D. J., 1984, Everyday memory, action and absent-mindedness, 133
- Hogg, D. N., 1993, A situation awareness methodology for the evaluation of process control systems: Studies of feasibility and the implication of use
- Hughes, E. R., 1990, Advanced tactical fighter (ATF) simulation support: Final report
- 10.1037/0096-3445.110.3.306 · DOI
- McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corporation, 1982, Advanced medium-range air-to-air missile operational utility evaluation (AMRAAM OUE) test final report.
- Mogford, R. H., Presented at the Human Factors Society of Canada Annual Meeting
- Northrop Corporation, 1988, Tactical simulation 2 test report: Addendum 1 situation awareness test results.
- Pew, R. W. (1991). Defining and measuring situation awareness in the commercial aircraft cockpit. In Proceedings of the Conference on Challenges in Aviation Human Factors: The National Plan (pp. 30–31). Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
- Selcon, S. J., 1990, Situational awareness in aerospace operations
- Sheehy, E. J., Presented at the ANS Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control and Man-Machine Interface Technology
- Smolensky, M. W. (1993). Toward the physiological measurement of situation awareness: The case for eye movement measurements. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting (p. 41). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
- Venturino, M., 1990, Performance-based measures of merit for tactical situation awareness
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,003
Individual and Group Support in Tabletop Interaction Techniques
Nacenta, M. A., Pinelle, D., Gutwin, C. A., & Mandryk, R. L. (2010) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-113-4_13 · Cited by 25
Engsley, M. R., Onal, E., & KABER, D. B. (2002) · Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants · doi:10.1109/hfpp.1997.624849 · Cited by 25
Situational awareness support to enhance teamwork in collaborative environments
Kulyk, O., van der Veer, G. C., & van Dijk, B. (2008) · European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics · doi:10.1145/1473018.1473025 · Cited by 25
Yamakoshi, T., Rolfe, P. J., Yamakoshi, Y., & Hirose, H. (2008) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2008.09.002 · Cited by 25
Towards a New Paradigm for Automation: Designing for Situation Awareness
Endsley, M. R. (1995) · IFAC Proceedings Volumes · doi:10.1016/s1474-6670(17)45259-1 · Cited by 25
Self-citationLuo, Y., Yang, Q., Seo, J., & Ahn, S. (2024) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/jmenea.meeng-5905 · Cited by 24
Development of a Simulation Environment to Study Emergency Department Information Technology
Pennathur, P. R., Cao, D., Sui, Z., Lin, L., Bisantz, A. M., Fairbanks, R. J. T., Guarrera, T. K., Brown, J. L., Perry, S. J., & Wears, R. L. (2010) · Simulation in Healthcare The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare · doi:10.1097/sih.0b013e3181c82c0a · Cited by 24
Nurse Decision Making in Acute Care
Nibbelink, C. W., & Carrington, J. M. (2019) · CIN Computers Informatics Nursing · doi:10.1097/cin.0000000000000521 · Cited by 29
Cognition in crisis management teams: an integrative analysis of definitions
Moon, J., Sasangohar, F., Son, C., & Peres, S. C. (2020) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2020.1781936 · Cited by 24
The effect of situation awareness on driving performance in young sleep-deprived drivers
Wijayanto, T., Marcillia, S. R., Lufityanto, G., Wisnugraha, B. B., Alma, T. G., & Abdianto, R. U. (2020) · IATSS Research · doi:10.1016/j.iatssr.2020.10.002 · Cited by 24
Khakurel, J., & Blomqvist, K. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05643-7_4 · Cited by 30
Situational Awareness in Construction Using a Serious Game
Martinez, J. G., Yeung, T., Sacks, R., Shahaf, Y., & Sharoni, L.-O. (2022) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/jcemd4.coeng-12521 · Cited by 24
The effects of Augmented Reality on operator Situation Awareness and Head-Down Time
Houweling, K. P., Mallam, S., van de Merwe, K., & Nordby, K. (2023) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104213 · Cited by 24
Incident reduction and risk migration
Kirwan, B. (2010) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2010.03.007 · Cited by 24
Yim, H. B., Kim, A. R., & Seong, P. H. (2012) · Nuclear Engineering and Design · doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2012.09.027 · Cited by 24
Decision support in fighter aircraft: from expert systems to cognitive modelling
Svenmarckt, P., & Dekker, S. W. A. (2003) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929031000109755 · Cited by 24
A sensemaking perspective on situation awareness in power grid operations
Greitzer, F. L., Schur, A., Paget, M., & Guttromson, R. (2008) · IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting · doi:10.1109/pes.2008.4596285 · Cited by 24
Rose, J., Bearman, C., & Dorrian, J. (2017) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.006 · Cited by 24
From Paris Agreement to Action: Enhancing Climate Change Familiarity and Situation Awareness
Onencan, A. M., & de Walle, B. V. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10061929 · Cited by 24
Hand- and gaze-control of telepresence robots
Zhang, G., Hansen, J. P., & Minakata, K. (2019) · ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA) · doi:10.1145/3317956.3318149 · Cited by 24
Ratwani, R. M., McCurry, J. M., & Trafton, J. G. (2010) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1109/hri.2010.5453191 · Cited by 25
Improving Driver Situation Awareness Prediction using Human Visual Sensory and Memory Mechanism
Zhu, H., Misu, T., Martin, S., Wu, X., & Akash, K. (2021) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636112 · Cited by 24
Contribution individuelle à la sécurité du collectif : l'exemple de la régulation du SAMU
Marc, J., & Amalberti, R. (2002) · Le travail humain · doi:10.3917/th.653.0217 · Cited by 24
Hartgerink, J. M., Cramm, J. M., de Vos, A., Bakker, T. J. E. M., Steyerberg, E. W., Mackenbach, J. P., & Nieboer, A. P. (2014) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-3 · Cited by 23
Loft, S. D., Jooste, L., Li, Y. R., Ballard, T., Huf, S., Lipp, O. V., & Visser, T. A. W. (2018) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720818784803 · Cited by 23
Albers, D., Radlmayr, J., Loew, A., Hergeth, S., Naujoks, F., Keinath, A., & Bengler, K. J. (2020) · Information · doi:10.3390/info11050240 · Cited by 23
Tan, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2021) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.11.016 · Cited by 23
Sui, Z., Wen, Y., Zhou, C., Huang, X., Zhang, Q., Liu, Z., & Piera, M. À. (2022) · Ocean Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112884 · Cited by 23
A spectral-ensemble deep random vector functional link network for passive brain–computer interface
Li, R., Gao, R., Suganthan, P. N., Cui, J., Sourina, O., & Wang, L. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120279 · Cited by 23
Predicting Controller Capacity in Remote Supervision of Multiple Unmanned Vehicles
Cummings, M. L., & Mitchell, P. (2008) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 23
Admission Handoff Communications
Brannen, M. L., Cameron, K. A., Adler, M., Goodman, D. M., & Holl, J. L. (2009) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0b013e3181c029e5 · Cited by 23
Zhang, T., KABER, D. B., & Hsiang, S. M. (2009) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/14639220903010027 · Cited by 23
Human Factors in Critical Care Medical Environments
Drews, F. A. (2013) · Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics · doi:10.1177/1557234x13493250 · Cited by 23
A human-in-the-loop approach to understanding situation awareness in cyber defence analysis
Tyworth, M., Giacobe, N. A., Mancuso, V., McNeese, M. D., & Hall, D. L. (2013) · ICST Transactions on Security and Safety · doi:10.4108/trans.sesa.01-06.2013.e6 · Cited by 23
COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF COLLABORATION IN 3D VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Juřík, V., Heřman, L., Kubíček, P., Stachoň, Z., & Šašinka, Č. (2016) · The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences · doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-663-2016 · Cited by 23
Improving the Quality of Evaluation Data in Simulation-Based Healthcare Improvement Projects
Santomauro, C., Hill, A., McCurdie, T., & McGlashan, H. L. (2020) · Simulation in Healthcare The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare · doi:10.1097/sih.0000000000000442 · Cited by 23
Grahn, H., Kujala, T., Silvennoinen, J. M., Leppänen, A., & Saariluoma, P. O. (2020) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2020.105717 · Cited by 27
Cellular Phones and Driver Distraction
Drews, F. A., & Strayer, D. L. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420007497.pt4 · Cited by 23
Ntuen, C. A., Balogun, O., Boyle, E., & Turner, A. (2006) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130600613083 · Cited by 23
Derefeldt, G. A. M., Skinnars, O., Alfredson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Andersson, P., Westlund, J., Berggrund, U., Holmberg, J., & Santesson, R. (1999) · Displays · doi:10.1016/s0141-9382(99)00022-0 · Cited by 23
The relevance of situation awareness in older adults’ cognitive functioning: a review
Caserta, R. J., & Abrams, L. (2007) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-007-0018-x · Cited by 23
Exploring the Concept of Team Situation Awareness in a Simulated Air Combat Environment
Sulistyawati, K., Wickens, C. D., & Chui, Y. P. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making · doi:10.1518/155534309x12599553478791 · Cited by 23
Situation awareness in intensive care unit nurses: A qualitative directed content analysis
Ghaderi, C., Esmaeili, R., & Ebadi, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.999745 · Cited by 24
Cognitive Task Analysis: Eliciting Expert Cognition in Context
Brown, O., Power, N., & Gore, J. (2024) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/10944281241271216 · Cited by 22
A comprehensive review of extended reality and its application in aerospace engineering
Rostami, M., Pradhan, P., Karki, N., Omorodion, J., Milani, P., Kamoonpuri, J. M., Liu, H. Y., & Chung, J. (2025) · Progress in Aerospace Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101118 · Cited by 22
Towards a theoretical framework for situational awareness in paramedicine
Hunter, J., Porter, M., & Williams, B. A. (2019) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.104528 · Cited by 22
Some are more equal than others
Fraune, M. R., Šabanović, S., & Smith, E. R. (2020) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.18043.fra · Cited by 22
Trepkowski, C., Marquardt, A., Eibich, T. D., Shikanai, Y., Maiero, J., Kiyokawa, K., Kruijff, E., Schöning, J., & Peter König, B. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2021.3116673 · Cited by 22
Kintz, J. R., Banerjee, N., Zhang, J. Y., Anderson, A. P., & Clark, T. (2022) · Hum. Factors · doi:10.1177/00187208221129371 · Cited by 21
Wang, Y., Willis, E., Yeruva, V. K., Ho, D. H., & Lee, Y. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15882-7 · Cited by 22
The effects of motivation and noise on situation awareness: A study based on SAGAT and EEG
Liu, Y., Chen, N., & Rau, P. P. (2023) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2023.103491 · Cited by 22
A Novel Cooperation-Guided Warning of Invisible Danger from AR-HUD to Enhance Driver’s Perception
You, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Shen, L., Fang, W., Cui, W., & Wang, J. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2233734 · Cited by 22
Allocating Functions to Human and Algorithm in Scheduling
van Wezel, W., Cegarra, J., & Hoc, J. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13382-4_14 · Cited by 22
Situation Awareness: Is the glass half empty or half full?
Millot, P. (2015) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-015-0322-6 · Cited by 22
Loft, S. D., Morrell, D. B., Ponton, K., Braithwaite, J. E., Bowden, V. K., & Huf, S. (2016) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720816652754 · Cited by 22
Robb, D. A., Garcia, F. J. C., Laskov, A., Liu, X., Patrón, P., & Hastie, H. (2018) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/3242969.3242974 · Cited by 22
Supporting multiple patient monitoring with head-worn displays and spearcons
Klüber, S., Wolf, E., Grundgeiger, T., Brecknell, B., Mohamed, I., & Sanderson, P. M. (2019) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2019.01.009 · Cited by 22
Perception of clinical deterioration cues among medical‐surgical nurses
Orique, S. B., Despins, L. A., Wakefield, B. J., Erdelez, S., & Vogelsmeier, A. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14038 · Cited by 22
Integrating Indoor Positioning Systems and BIM to Improve Situational Awareness
Reinbold, A., Seppänen, O., Peltokorpi, A., Singh, V., & Dror, E. (2019) · Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction · doi:10.24928/2019/0153 · Cited by 22
Grundgeiger, T., Hohm, A., Michalek, A., Egenolf, T., Markus, C., & Happel, O. (2021) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720821991651 · Cited by 24
Sandquist, M. K., & Tegtmeyer, K. (2018) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp.2018.09.12 · Cited by 22
A lock-based cache coherence protocol for scope consistency
Hu, W., Shi, W., Tang, Z., & Li, M. (1998) · Journal of Computer Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf02946599 · Cited by 22
A Holistic View of Cockpit Performance: An Analysis of the Assessment Discourse of Flight Examiners
Mavin, T. J., & Roth, W. (2014) · International Journal of Aviation Psychology · doi:10.1080/10508414.2014.918434 · Cited by 21
Biernacki, M. P., & Lewkowicz, R. (2021) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106186 · Cited by 21
Validating metrics for reward alignment in human-autonomy teaming
Sanneman, L., & Shah, J. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107809 · Cited by 23
Guidelines on human factors in critical situations 2023
Bijok, B., Jaulin, F., Picard, J., Michelet, D., Fuzier, R., Arzalier-Daret, S., Basquin, C., Blanié, A., Chauveau, L., Cros, J., et al. (2023) · Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2023.101262 · Cited by 21
Experimental Evaluation of a Coplanar Airborne Separation Display
Ellerbroek, J., Brantegem, K. C. R., van Paassen, M. M., de Gelder, N., & Mulder, M. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2013.2238925 · Cited by 21
Wang, W., Guo, H., Bubb, H., & Ikeuchi, K. (2011) · KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12205-011-1190-0 · Cited by 21
Enhancing Battlefield Situational Awareness through Fuzzy-Based Value of Information
Hanratty, T., Hammell, R. J., Bodt, B., Heilman, E., & Dumer, J. C. (2013) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2013.194 · Cited by 21
Advanced Virtual Reality Based Training to Improve Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation Ability
Agrawal, R., Knödler, M., Fisher, D. L., & Samuel, S. (2017) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601994 · Cited by 21
Mercer, S. J., Kingston, E. V., & Jones, C. P. L. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k2272 · Cited by 21
Developing the pilots’ load measuring system
Jankovics, I., & Kale, U. (2018) · Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology · doi:10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0080 · Cited by 21
Assuring competence or ensuring performance
Vernon, R., Chiarella, M., Papps, E., & Lark, A. (2018) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2018.10.004 · Cited by 21
Situation awareness, human error, and organizational learning in sociotechnical systems
Marquardt, N. (2019) · Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries · doi:10.1002/hfm.20790 · Cited by 21
Clark, J. R., Stanton, N. A., & Revell, K. M. A. (2019) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.06.033 · Cited by 27
The Benefits and Costs of Low and High Degree of Automation
Tatasciore, M., Bowden, V. K., Visser, T. A. W., Michailovs, S., & Loft, S. D. (2019) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720819867181 · Cited by 21
Visual search behaviour in young cyclists: A naturalistic experiment
van Paridon, K. N., Leivers, H. K., Robertson, P. J., & Timmis, M. A. (2019) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2019.10.014 · Cited by 21
Effect of cognitive load on articulation rate and formant frequencies during simulator flights
Huttunen, K. H., Keränen, H. I., Pääkkönen, R. J., Eskelinen-Rönkä, R. P., & Leino, T. K. (2011) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3543948 · Cited by 21
The Role of Meta-Information in C2 Decision-Support Systems
Pfautz, J., Roth, E. M., Bisantz, A. M., Thomas-Meyers, G., Llinas, J., & Fouse, A. S. (2006) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 21
What Really Is Going on? Review, Critique and Extension of Situation Awareness Theory
Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Jenkins, D. P., Walker, G. H., Young, M. S., & Aujla, A. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73331-7_45 · Cited by 21
A cognitive systems engineering perspective on the design of mixed reality systems
Nilsson, S., & Johansson, B. J. E. (2006) · European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics · doi:10.1145/1274892.1274923 · Cited by 21
Lowry, S. Z., Ramaiah, M., Patterson, E. S., Brick, D., Gürses, A. P., Ozok, A. A., Simmons, D., & Gibbons, M. C. (2014) · doi:10.6028/nist.ir.7988 · Cited by 21
Baber, C., Fulthorpe, C., & Houghton, R. J. (2010) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447310903498718 · Cited by 20
Atakishiyev, S., Salameh, M., & Goebel, R. G. (2024) · IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium · doi:10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588812 · Cited by 20
Saghafian, M., Vatn, D. M. K., Moltubakk, S. T., Bertheussen, L. E., Petermann, F. M., Johnsen, S. O., & Alsos, O. A. (2024) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106730 · Cited by 23
Ardecani, F. B., Kumar, A., Sabeti, S., & Shoghli, O. (2025) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106802 · Cited by 21
Okine, E. A., Zarei, E., Roggow, B. J., & Dehghan, N. (2025) · Journal of Safety Science and Resilience · doi:10.1016/j.jnlssr.2025.100249 · Cited by 20
On the epistemology and ethics of communicating a Cartesian consciousness
Dekker, S. W. A. (2012) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.028 · Cited by 20
Li, P., Li, X., Zhang, L., & Dai, L. (2018) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2018.10.007 · Cited by 20
Li, W., Zakarija, M., Yu, C., & McCarty, P. (2019) · Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries · doi:10.1002/hfm.20826 · Cited by 20
Shao, F., Lu, T., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., & Wu, S. (2020) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103245 · Cited by 20
Li, R., Lan, Z., Cui, J., Sourina, O., & Wang, L. (2020) · International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW) · doi:10.1109/cw49994.2020.00037 · Cited by 20
Situation Awareness Measurement in Remotely Controlled Cars
Linkov, V., & Vanžura, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.592930 · Cited by 20
Chapman, M. T., Temby, P., Crane, M. F., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Parker, S. K., Ducker, K. J., Peeling, P., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2795 · Cited by 23
Zhao, Y., Jiang, K., Yu, Z., & Huang, Z. (2024) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-024-00756-8 · Cited by 21
A Situation Retrieval Model for Cognitive Decision Support in Digital Business Ecosystems
Lü, J., Niu, L., & Zhang, G. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2012.2188253 · Cited by 21
Visualization of Security Metrics for Cyber Situation Awareness
Kotenko, I. V., & Novikova, E. S. (2014) · International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES) · doi:10.1109/ares.2014.75 · Cited by 20
Banbury, S. P., Dudfield, H. J., Hoermann, H.-J., & Soll, H. (2007) · International Journal of Aviation Psychology · doi:10.1080/10508410701328557 · Cited by 20
Differences in Situational Awareness and How to Manage Them in Development of Complex Systems
Alfredson, J. (2007) · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Endsley, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Endsley, Mica R.
- ORCID
- Endsley, Mica R.
- Venue
- Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-84
- ISSN
- 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8181
- OpenAlex
- W2069757512
- Cited by
- 2,039
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 27.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Military Strategy and Technology
- Keywords
- situational awareness, situation awareness measurement, measurement validity, intrusiveness, dynamical systems, operator performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review