Attitude construction: evaluation in context
Abstract
Most theories treat attitudes as enduring evaluative tendencies; the dispositional focus enjoys intuitive appeal because it is compatible with observers' preference for dispositional explanations (aka fundamental attribution error). From the actor's perspective, evaluation stands in the service of action. Any adaptive system of evaluation needs to be highly sensitive to the specifics of the present, turning deplorable “context dependency“ into laudable “context sensitivity.” Attitude construal theories conceptualize the context sensitivity of evaluative judgment and provide a parsimonious account of core findings of the attitude literature without assuming enduring dispositions; their assumptions are compatible with theories of situated cognition.
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Methodological research shows that presenting input information in questionnaire items similar to that available at the time of the actual decision (in this case, the app of interest) tends to increase attitude-behavior consistency.
“This finding is consistent with methodological research showing that presenting input information in questionnaire items similar to that available at the time of the actual decision (in this case, the app of interest) tends to increase attitude-behavior consistency (Schwarz, 2007).”
From The privacy and control paradoxes in the context of smartphone apps (2022) · cites this paper as Schwarz, 2007
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Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: IV. Change and Stability From 2007 to 2020
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When good deeds leave a bad taste. Negative inferences from ethical food claims
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Chapter 1 The Introspection Illusion
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An exploration of residents’ low-carbon awareness and behavior in Tianjin, China
Bai, Y., & Liu, Y. (2013) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.014 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Exploring Destination Image Decay
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What do implicit measures measure?
Brownstein, M., Madva, A., & Gawronski, B. (2019) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1501 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A functional-cognitive framework for attitude research
Houwer, J. D., Gawronski, B., & Barnes‐Holmes, Y. (2013) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2014.892320 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Niklas, F., Wirth, A., Guffler, S., Drescher, N., & Ehmig, S. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01628 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Generalization versus contextualization in automatic evaluation.
Gawronski, B., Rydell, R. J., Vervliet, B., & Houwer, J. D. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0020315 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Rydell, R. J., McConnell, A. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.07.006 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Knoth, N., Mirsch, M., Laupichler, M. C., Pinski, M., Buchholtz, N. F., Bata, K., & Schultz, B. (2024) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100177 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Detecting and Addressing Frustration in a Serious Game for Military Training
DeFalco, J. A., Rowe, J. P., Paquette, L., Georgoulas-Sherry, V., Brawner, K. W., Mott, B. W., Baker, R., & Lester, J. C. (2017) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-017-0152-1 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Hughes, S., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Vahey, N. (2012) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.09.003 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
When attractiveness demands longer looks: The effects of situation and gender
Leder, H., Tinio, P. P. L., Fuchs, I., & Bohrn, I. C. (2010) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470211003605142 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Eilers, K., Peters, C., & Leimeister, J. M. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121650 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Unspoken Politics: Implicit Attitudes and Political Thinking
Pérez, E. O. (2016) · Cited by 99 · see citing works
I like you, I like you not: Understanding the formation of context-dependent automatic attitudes
Rydell, R. J., & Gawronski, B. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802355255 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Changing Our Implicit Minds: How, When, and Why Implicit Evaluations Can Be Rapidly Revised
Cone, J., Mann, T. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2017) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.03.001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Cognition is a matter of trust: Distrust tunes cognitive processes
Mayo, R. (2015) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2015.1117249 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A review of affective chemistry education research and its implications for future research
Flaherty, A. A. (2020) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c9rp00200f · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The path of ambivalence: tracing the pull of opposing evaluations using mouse trajectories
Schneider, I. K., van Harreveld, F., Rotteveel, M., Topolinski, S., van der Pligt, J., Schwarz, N., & Koole, S. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00996 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationNext steps in neuroaesthetics: Which processes and processing stages to study?
Leder, H. (2013) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0031585 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Simonson, I., & Sela, A. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/657022 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Gawronski, B., & Cesario, J. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313480096 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Evaluation is a Dynamic Process: Moving Beyond Dual System Models
Bavel, J. J. V., Xiao, Y. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00438.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ambivalence and certainty can interact to predict attitude stability over time
Luttrell, A., Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.11.008 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hall, M. P., Lewis, N. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.03.001 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Sedlovskaya, A., Purdie-Vaughns, V. J., Eibach, R. P., LaFrance, M., Romero‐Canyas, R., & Camp, N. P. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031179 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The role of general and specific attitudes in predicting travel behavior – A fatal dilemma?
Kroesen, M., & Chorus, C. G. (2017) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2017.09.004 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Kelly, A., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.018 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Evaluating Belief System Networks as a Theory of Political Belief System Dynamics
Brandt, M. J., & Sleegers, W. W. A. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868321993751 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Investigating the transformative impact of bank transparency on consumers’ financial well-being
Losada-Otálora, M., & Alkire, L. (2019) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-03-2018-0079 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Century, J., Ferris, K. A., & Zuo, H. (2020) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-020-00218-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Comparisons Inform Me Who I Am: A General Comparative-Processing Model of Self-Perception
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Students’ Attitudes Toward STEM: Development of an Instrument for High School STEM-Based Programs
Mahoney, M. (2010) · The Journal of Technology Studies · doi:10.21061/jots.v36i1.a.4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Optimism and the Nonlinear Citizenship Behavior—Job Satisfaction Relationship in Three Studies
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The Psychological Basis of the Harman-Vogel Paradox
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The multiple meanings of the gender-inclusive pronoun hen: predicting attitudes and use
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What does a priming perspective reveal about culture: culture-as-situated cognition
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What Effects Do Didactic Interventions Have on Students’ Attitudes Towards Science? A Meta-Analysis
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The language of implicit preferences
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Meaning in Context: Metacognitive Experiences
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Acceptance of Technologies for Aging in Place: A Conceptual Model
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Sport supplement use predicts doping attitudes and likelihood via sport supplement beliefs
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Arousal, valence, and the uncanny valley: psychophysiological and self-report findings
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Preference construction and preference stability: Putting the pillow to rest
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Formation, representation, and activation of contextualized attitudes
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- Authors
- Schwarz, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schwarz, Norbert
- ORCID
- Schwarz, Norbert
- Venue
- Social Cognition
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 638-656
- ISSN
- 0278-016X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101335063
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 67.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Cognition (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- attitude measurement, context sensitivity, fundamental attribution error, situated cognition, evaluative judgments, attitude change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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