Human memory reconsolidation can be explained using the temporal context model
Open accessAbstract
Recent work by Hupbach, Gomez, Hardt, and Nadel (Learning & Memory, 14, 47-53, 2007) and Hupbach, Gomez, and Nadel (Memory, 17, 502-510, 2009) suggests that episodic memory for a previously studied list can be updated to include new items, if participants are reminded of the earlier list just prior to learning a new list. The key finding from the Hupbach studies was an asymmetric pattern of intrusions, whereby participants intruded numerous items from the second list when trying to recall the first list, but not viceversa. Hupbach et al. (2007; 2009) explained this pattern in terms of a cellular reconsolidation process, whereby first-list memory is rendered labile by the reminder and the labile memory is then updated to include items from the second list. Here, we show that the temporal context model of memory, which lacks a cellular reconsolidation process, can account for the asymmetric intrusion effect, using well-established principles of contextual reinstatement and item-context binding.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One way that reactivation may support memory updating is via contextual reinstatement, by linking novel information that occurs during retrieval with the reinstated context of the reactivated memory.
“One way that reactivation may support memory updating is via contextual reinstatement, by linking novel information that occurs during retrieval with the reinstated context of the reactivated memory (47, 49).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [47]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Storn, R., & Price, K. (1997) · Journal of Global Optimization · doi:10.1023/a:1008202821328 · Cited by 29,569 · see citing works
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,087 · see citing works
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010 · see citing works
Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3 · Cited by 3,392 · see citing works
Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval
Nader, K., Schafe, G. E., & Le Doux, J. E. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021052 · Cited by 2,706 · see citing works
The time course of perceptual choice: The leaky, competing accumulator model.
Usher, M., & McClelland, J. L. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.550 · Cited by 2,152 · see citing works
Raaijmakers, J. G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1981) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.2.93 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory
Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.19 · Cited by 1,511 · see citing works
Loftus, E. F. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.94705 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms
Schiller, D., Monfils, M.-H., Raio, C. M., Johnson, D. C., LeDoux, J. E., & Phelps, E. A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08637 · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
(2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195100273.001.0001 · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
A Distributed Representation of Temporal Context
Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1006/jmps.2001.1388 · Cited by 1,174 · see citing works
Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Allan Hobson, J., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01930 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Remembering the past and imagining the future: A neural model of spatial memory and imagery.
Byrne, P., Becker, S., & Burgess, N. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.2.340 · Cited by 1,011 · see citing works
Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known.
Hawkins, S. A., & Hastie, R. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.3.311 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
A context maintenance and retrieval model of organizational processes in free recall
Polyn, S. M., Norman, K. A., & Kahana, M. J. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0014420 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCloskey, M. E., & Zaragoza, M. S. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.114.1.1 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
STEVENS' HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
Pashler, H. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471214426 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
On the permanence of stored information in the human brain.
Loftus, E. F., & Loftus, G. R. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.35.5.409 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source
Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198473 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Reconsolidation of episodic memories: A subtle reminder triggers integration of new information
Hupbach, A., Gomez, R., Hardt, O., & Nadel, L. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.365707 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Hippocampal-Neocortical Interactions in Memory Formation, Consolidation, and Reconsolidation
Wang, S., & Morris, R. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100523 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Stability of retrieved memory: Inverse correlation with trace dominance
Eisenberg, M., Kobilo, T., Berman, D. E., & Dudai, Y. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086881 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Reconsolidation: maintaining memory relevance
Lee, J. L. C. (2009) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.002 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
A model for interference and forgetting.
Mensink, G.-J., & Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.4.434 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Rites of Passage of the Engram
Dudai, Y., & Eisenberg, M. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.003 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
On the permanence of stored information in the human brain.
Loftus, E. F., & Loftus, G. R. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.5.409 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Context, learning, and extinction
Gershman, S. J., Blei, D. M., & Niv, Y. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0017808 · Cited by 386 · cited 1× · see citing works
“When the model infers (based on the reminder) that the previously-active “list A” cause is present, we should see updating of the original list A memory (Gershman et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA context-based theory of recency and contiguity in free recall.
Sederberg, P. B., Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0013396 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Self-citationPedreira, M. E., Pérez-Cuesta, L. M., & Maldonado, H. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.76904 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Morris, R. G. M., Inglis, J., Ainge, J. A., Olverman, H. J., Tulloch, J., Dudai, Y., & Kelly, P. A. T. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.012 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology
(2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816772 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
The dynamics of memory: Context-dependent updatingPreprint
Hupbach, A., Hardt, O. M., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1022308 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Hardt, O., Einarsson, E. Ö., & Nader, K. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100455 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Episodic memory reconsolidation: Updating or source confusion?
Hupbach, A., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2009) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210902882399 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Hintzman, D. L., Caulton, D. A., & Levitin, D. J. (1998) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03201155 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Hippocampal Neurophysiology in the Behaving Animal
O'Keefe, J. M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195100273.003.0011 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Reconsolidation: A brief history, a retrieval view, and some recent issuesPreprint
Riccio, D. C., Millin, P. M., & Bogart, A. R. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.290706 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Dudai, Y. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0320 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The Hippocampus and Context Revisited
Nadel, L. (2008) · Hippocampal Place Fields · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323245.003.0002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Bridging the gap: Transitive associations between items presented in similar temporal contexts.
Howard, M. W., Jing, B., Rao, V., Provyn, J. P., & Datey, A. V. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0015002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Computational Models of Episodic Memory
Norman, K. A., Detre, G. J., & Polyn, S. M. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816772.011 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationRaaijmakers, J. G. W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471214426.pas0202 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Memory and cognitive processes
Stevens, S. S., & Medin, D. L. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Modeling Implicit and Explicit Memory
Izawa, C., & Ohta, N. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410612717-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human memory reconsolidation: A guiding framework and critical review of the evidence.
Elsey, J. W. B., Van Ast, V. A., & Kindt, M. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000152 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
The computational nature of memory modification
Gershman, S. J., Monfils, M.-H., Norman, K. A., & Niv, Y. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.23763 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural context reinstatement predicts memory misattribution
Gershman, S. J., Schapiro, A. C., Hupbach, A., & Norman, K. A. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0096-13.2013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory
St. Jacques, P. L., Olm, C., & Schacter, D. L. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319630110 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Does reactivation trigger episodic memory change? a meta-analysis
Scully, I. D., Napper, L. E., & Hupbach, A. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.012 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Treanor, M., Brown, L. A., Rissman, J., & Craske, M. G. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616664725 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
From remembering to reconstruction: The transformative neural representation of episodic memory.
Xue, G. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102351 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A temporal context repetition effect in rats during a novel object recognition memory task
Manns, J. R., Galloway, C. R., & Sederberg, P. B. (2015) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0871-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Sederberg, P. B., Gershman, S. J., Polyn, S. M., & Norman, K. A.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sederberg, Per B.
- Venue
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Published
- 2011-04-22
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 455-468
- ISSN
- 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5320
- PMC
- PMC3432313
- OpenAlex
- W2087502533
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH069456, F32MH080526, MH080526, R01MH069456)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- memory reconsolidation, episodic memory, list recall, contextual reinstatement, memory updating
- MeSH terms
- Cues, Humans, Learning, Models, Psychological, Mental Recall, Serial Learning, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review