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Functional anatomy of human procedural learning determined with regional cerebral blood flow and PET
Open accessAbstract
The functional anatomy of motor skill acquisition was investigated in six normal human subjects who learned to perform a pursuit rotor task with their dominant right hand during serial positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF). The effect of motor execution, rather than learning, was identified by a comparison of four motor performance scans with two control scans (eye movements only). Motor execution was associated with activation of a distributed network involving cortical, striatonigral, and cerebellar sites. Second, the effect of early motor learning was examined. Performance improved from 17% to 66% mean time on target across the four PET scans obtained during pursuit rotor performance. Across the same scans, significant longitudinal increases of relCBF were located in the left primary motor cortex, the left supplementary motor area, and the left pulvinar thalamus. The results demonstrate that changes of regional cerebral activity associated with early learning of skilled movements occur in sites that are a subset of a more widely distributed network that is active during motor execution.
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“The putamen is often implicated in procedural learning (Grafton et al., 1992; Miyachi et al., 1997, 2002; Jueptner and Weiller, 1998; Turner et al., 2003).”
From Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice (2021) · cites this paper as Grafton et al., 1992
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Jacobs, A. M., & Carr, T. H. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00038863 · Cited by 18
Zhu, J., & Lo, F. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1122 · Cited by 18
“…cells pathway is crucial for visual orienting and attention (Bender are inhibited by the afferent inputs from the deep SC and and Butter 1987; Corbetta et al. 1991; Grafton et al. 1992; this effect is mediated by the recently identified recurrent inhibitory circuit of LP (Zhu and Lo 1996a, 1997).”
BackgroundTeste de labirinto: instrumento de análise na aquisição de uma habilidade motora
Souza, D., França, F., & Campos, T. (2006) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1590/s1413-35552006000300016 · Cited by 17
Evidence for startle as a measurable behavioral indicator of motor learning
Kirkpatrick, N. J., Ravichandran, V. J., Perreault, E. J., Schaefer, S. Y., & Honeycutt, C. F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195689 · Cited by 17
Merrett, D. L., & Wilson, S. J. (2011) · Cited by 16
Increasing Human Brain Excitability by Transcranial High- Frequency Random Noise Stimulation
Chaieb, L., Terney, D., Moliadze, V., Paulus, W., & Antal, A. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71553-8 · Cited by 17
Cerebelo y procesos cognitivos
Nieto, A., Engeby, T. W., & Barroso, J. (2004) · Digitum: Institutional Repository of the University of Murcia (University of Murcia) · Cited by 16
Broca's area: Motor encoding in somatic space
Fox, P. T. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00038760 · Cited by 15
Statistics I: Experimental Design and Statistical Parametric Mapping
Friston, K. J. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012693019-1/50024-1 · Cited by 16
Neural Representations of Procedural Knowledge
Mason, R. A., & Just, M. A. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620916806 · Cited by 15
“Procedural knowledge has been a focus of neuroimaging from the beginnings of positron-emission tomography (Grafton et al., 1992), and the nature of the underlying neural representations continues to be addressed using functional MRI (fMRI; for a review, see Grafton, 2010).”
MethodCognitive Neuroscience of Skill Acquisition
Bo, J., Langan, J., & Seidler, R. D. (2008) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)10009-7 · Cited by 15
Plasticity of the Human Motor Cortex
Hallett, M., Cohen, L. G., Pascual‐Leone, Á., Brasil-Neto, J. P., Wassermann, E. M., & Cammarota, Á. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78367-8_6 · Cited by 15
The role of ipsilateral motor network in upper limb movement
Ding, H., Seusing, N., Nasseroleslami, B., Anwar, A. R., Strauß, S., Lotze, M., Grothe, M., Groppa, S., & Muthuraman, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1199338 · Cited by 14
“In contrast to the activation observed in the contralateral M1 during unilateral limb movements, the ipsilateral M1 is also active but with a smaller area of activation (Grafton et al., 1992; Kim et al., 1993).”
ResultSagari, A., Iso, N., Moriuchi, T., Ogahara, K., Kitajima, E., Tanaka, K., Tabira, T., & Higashi, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140552 · Cited by 14
“However, there is little consensus on the activity of the SMA during motor learning [54–60].”
BackgroundMore on climbing fiber signals and their consequence(s)
Simpson, J. I., WYLIE, D. R. W., & Zeeuw, C. I. D. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00081991 · Cited by 13
Matsuda, Y., Nakabayashi, M., Suzuki, T., Zhang, S., Ichinose, M., & Ono, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.800051 · Cited by 13
Ng, T. H. B., Sowman, P. F., Brock, J., & Johnson, B. W. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.020 · Cited by 15
“[28] and Jenkins et al.”
Knowlton, B. J., & Moody, T. D. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00123-6 · Cited by 15
Geyer, S., Luppino, G., & Rozzi, S. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374236-0.10027-6 · Cited by 15
Pollok, B., Schmitz-Justen, C., & Krause, V. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11020207 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Grafton, S., Mazziotta, J., Presty, S., Friston, K., Frackowiak, R., & Phelps, M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1992-07-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2542-2548
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6575851
- OpenAlex
- W2124365503
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (FC03-87ER60615)
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh037916-10)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 37916)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- procedural learning, motor skill learning, pursuit rotor task, relative cerebral blood flow, primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, motor execution
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Learning, Male, Motor Activity, Movement, Organ Specificity, Regional Blood Flow, Tomography, Emission-Computed
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