Functional subpopulations of V3 interneurons in the mature mouse spinal cord
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V3 interneurons (INs) are a major group of excitatory commissural interneurons in the spinal cord, and they are essential for producing a stable and robust locomotor rhythm. V3 INs are generated from the ventral-most progenitor domain, p3, but migrate dorsally and laterally during postmitotic development. At birth, they are located in distinctive clusters in the ventral horn and deep dorsal horn. To assess the heterogeneity of this genetically identified group of spinal INs, we combined patch-clamp recording and anatomical tracing with cluster analysis. We examined electrophysiological and morphological properties of mature V3 INs identified by their expression of tdTomato fluorescent proteins in Sim1(Cre/+); Rosa(floxstop26TdTom) mice. We identified two V3 subpopulations with distinct intrinsic properties and spatial distribution patterns. Ventral V3 INs, primarily located in lamina VIII, possess a few branching processes and were capable of generating rapid tonic firing spikes. By contrast, dorsal V3 INs exhibited a more complex morphology and relatively slow average spike frequency with strong adaptation, and they also displayed large sag voltages and post-inhibitory rebound potentials. Our data suggested that hyperpolarization-activated cation channel currents and T-type calcium channel currents may account for some of the membrane properties of V3 INs. Finally, we observed that ventral and dorsal V3 INs were active in different ways during running and swimming, indicating that ventral V3 INs may act as premotor neurons and dorsal V3 INs as relay neurons mediating sensory inputs. Together, we detected two physiologically and topographically distinct subgroups of V3 INs, each likely playing different roles in locomotor activities.
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Neurons differentiate asynchronously from progenitors by undergoing a series of transcriptional changes that converts a proliferative progenitor into specific classes of neurons.
“Neurons differentiate asynchronously from progenitors by undergoing a series of transcriptional changes that converts a proliferative progenitor into specific classes of neurons.”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Borowska et al., 2013
Post-mitotic neurons diversify into discrete subsets of physiologically distinct neuronal subtypes and commence formation of the circuitry characteristic of the spinal cord.
“Post-mitotic neurons subsequently further diversify into discrete subsets of physiologically distinct neuronal subtypes and commence formation of the circuitry that is characteristic of the spinal cord”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Borowska et al., 2013
V3 interneurons have been previously shown to comprise at least two subtypes with distinct properties and settling positions in the spinal cord.
“V3 interneurons have been previously shown to comprise at least two subtypes with distinct properties and settling positions in the spinal cord”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Borowska et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Borowska, J., Jones, C. T., Zhang, H., Blacklaws, J., Goulding, M., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-11-20
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- 18553-18565
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3894417
- OpenAlex
- W2047303975
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP110950)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (38620)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS031249, R37NS037075)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Keywords
- spinal cord, commissural interneurons, interneuron subpopulations, locomotor rhythm, hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, T-type calcium channels, post-inhibitory rebound, spike frequency adaptation, premotor neurons, locomotor behavior, interneuron migration
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Benzimidazoles, Cardiovascular Agents, Cyclopropanes, Electric Stimulation, Interneurons, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Activity, Naphthalenes, Nickel, Pyrimidines, Repressor Proteins, Spinal Cord, Cluster Analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Statistics, Nonparametric, RNA, Untranslated, Mice, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, In Vitro Techniques
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