The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Processing of Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Memory over Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Sleep enhances memories, particularly emotional memories. As such, it has been suggested that sleep deprivation may reduce posttraumatic stress disorder. This presumes that emotional memory consolidation is paralleled by a reduction in emotional reactivity, an association that has not yet been examined. In the present experiment, we used an incidental memory task in humans and obtained valence and arousal ratings during two sessions separated either by 12 h of daytime wake or 12 h including overnight sleep. Recognition accuracy was greater following sleep relative to wake for both negative and neutral pictures. While emotional reactivity to negative pictures was greatly reduced over wake, the negative emotional response was relatively preserved over sleep. Moreover, protection of emotional reactivity was associated with greater time in REM sleep. Recognition accuracy, however, was not associated with REM. Thus, we provide the first evidence that sleep enhances emotional memory while preserving emotional reactivity.
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“REM sleep occurs after slow-wave sleep and allows for emotional memory processing, while NREM sleep is required for optimal wakefulness and cognitive function the following day [19,20,21,22,23].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“REM sleep occurs after slow-wave sleep and allows for emotional memory processing, while NREM sleep is required for optimal wakefulness and cognitive function the following day [19,20,21,22,23].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Others found that emotional reactivity decreased across wakefulness, but was preserved during sleep, with the preserving effect on emotional reactivity being specifically linked to REM sleep (60,481).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [60]
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“In fact, at a purely behavioral level, numerous studies have demonstrated that sleep after learning benefits declarative (17,18,60,63,79,290,326,327,343,348,350,376,408,427,431,478,479,547,560,571,574,592,603,682,732,735,861,898,930,932,959,1069,1172,1192,1217,1274,1276,1278,1282,1302) as well as nondeclarative kinds of procedural memory (135,147,164,311,322,374,383,435,447,563,602,631,664,679,733”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [60]
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“Some studies indeed demonstrated that sleep preferentially consolidates emotional over neutral memories (574,602,861,896,898,1276); however, others failed to reveal such effects (60,168,732,1147,1148).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cites
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234 · cited 5×
“Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989), which sur-”
Influential(2007) · Cited by 6,530
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Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2762 · Cited by 3,760 · cited 1×
“Performance on a range of tasks is better after an interval of sleep compared with an equivalent interval spent awake even after controlling for possible circadian influences on performance (Walker and Stickgold, 2006; Marshall and Born, 2007; Diekelmann and Born, 2010).”
Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036517 · Cited by 3,118 · cited 1×
“By repeatedly reactivating the memory, as posited to occur during sleep (Wilson and McNaughton, 1994), one might become habituated to the emotional response provoked by the stimulus.”
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Stickgold, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04286 · Cited by 1,857 · cited 1×
“Accumulating evidence points to an enhancing effect of sleep on memory consolidation (Stickgold, 2005).”
Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory
LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1825 · Cited by 1,834 · cited 8×
“It has also been proposed that sleep modulates emotional reactivity, a construct that can be described along two orthogonal dimensions of valence (sad to happy) and arousal (calm to excited) (LaBar and Cabeza, 2006; Bradley and Lang, 2007).”
InfluentialBoosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory
Marshall, L., Helgadóttir, H., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05278 · Cited by 1,792
The Role of Sleep in Cognition and Emotion
Walker, M. P. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04416.x · Cited by 1,111 · cited 5×
“REM3% correlated significantly with Valence; notably, contrary to predictions (Walker, 2009), this relationship was negative (r 0.41, p 0.04).”
InfluentialOvernight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing
Walker, M. P., & van der Helm, E. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016570 · Cited by 1,087
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
“Some studies indeed demonstrated that sleep preferentially consolidates emotional over neutral memories (574, 602, 861, 896, 898, 1276); however, others failed to reveal such effects (60, 168, 732, 1147, 1148).”
BackgroundSleep and emotion regulation: An organizing, integrative review
Palmer, C. A., & Alfano, C. A. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.006 · Cited by 935
Sleep-dependent memory triage: evolving generalization through selective processing
Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3303 · Cited by 755
Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences
Someren, E. J. W. V. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00046.2019 · Cited by 578
Sleep, Cognition, and Normal Aging
Scullin, M. K., & Bliwise, D. L. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614556680 · Cited by 546
Metadata
- Authors
- Baran, B., Pace-Schott, E. F., Ericson, C., & Spencer, R. M. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-01-18
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1035-1042
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3548452
- OpenAlex
- W2024614399
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 12.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R00AG029710)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- emotional memory consolidation, emotional reactivity, sleep, REM sleep, sleep deprivation, post-traumatic stress disorder, incidental memory, recognition memory, emotional valence, emotional arousal, negative pictures
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Sleep, Statistics as Topic, Polysomnography, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
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