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The Energetics of CNS White Matter

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Harris, Julia J., Attwell, David·2012·The Journal of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.3430-11.2012PMC PMC3272449

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Abstract

The energetics of CNS white matter are poorly understood. We derive a signaling energy budget for the white matter (based on data from the rodent optic nerve and corpus callosum) which can be compared with previous energy budgets for the gray matter regions of the brain, perform a cost-benefit analysis of the energetics of myelination, and assess mechanisms for energy production and glucose supply in myelinated axons. We show that white matter synapses consume ≤0.5% of the energy of gray matter synapses and that this, rather than more energy-efficient action potentials, is the main reason why CNS white matter uses less energy than gray matter. Surprisingly, while the energetic cost of building myelin could be repaid within months by the reduced ATP cost of neuronal action potentials, the energetic cost of maintaining the oligodendrocyte resting potential usually outweighs the saving on action potentials. Thus, although it dramatically speeds action potential propagation, myelination need not save energy. Finally, we show that mitochondria in optic nerve axons could sustain measured firing rates with a plausible density of glucose transporters in the nodal membrane, without the need for energy transfer from oligodendrocytes.

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Hamner, M. A., Möller, T., & Ransom, B. R. (2010) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.216 · Cited by 32
Matching Mitochondria to Metabolic Needs at Nodes of Ranvier
Chiu, S. Y. (2011) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858410393740 · Cited by 30
Catecholamine modulates nicotinic ACh-receptor sensitivity
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Voltage‐gated Currents in Rabbit Retinal Astrocytes
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The Glucose Transporter in the Plasma Membrane of the Outer Segments of Bovine Retinal Rods
Li, X., Szerencsei, R. T., & Schnetkamp, P. P. M. (1994) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1117 · Cited by 6

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1 of the 104 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Royeck, 2010, Persistance of neuronal transmitter release onto oligodendrocyte precursor cells during progressive myelination in the mouse optic tract, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 36, 554

Sorted by citations

The Pathobiology of Vascular Dementia
Iadecola, C. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008 · Cited by 1,857
“Due to fewer synapses, white matter energy usage, and consequently blood flow, is 1/3 lower of that of the gray matter (Harris and Attwell, 2012).”
Synaptic Energy Use and Supply
Harris, J. J., Jolivet, R., & Attwell, D. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.019 · Cited by 1,747
Self-citation
Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function
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See all 505

Authors: Harris, J. J., & Attwell, D.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Attwell, David
ORCID: Harris, Julia J.
Attwell, David
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Published: 2012-01-04
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Pages: 356-371
ISSN: 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
1529-2401
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3430-11.2012
PMC: PMC3272449
OpenAlex: W1973747802
Cited by: 505
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 9.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (vor, 182 d)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (075232)
Fondation Leducq
Medical Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords: myelination, optic nerve, corpus callosum, action potential propagation, mitochondrial energy production, glucose transporters, nodal membrane
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Cell Membrane, Central Nervous System, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Mitochondria, Models, Neurological, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neural Conduction, Oligodendroglia, Optic Nerve, Synapses, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, Rats

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