Myelination of the Nervous System: Mechanisms and Functions

Nave, Klaus-Armin; Werner, Hauke B.

doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101

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Myelination of the Nervous System: Mechanisms and Functions

Nave, Klaus-Armin, Werner, Hauke B.·2014·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101

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Abstract

Myelination of axons in the nervous system of vertebrates enables fast, saltatory impulse propagation, one of the best-understood concepts in neurophysiology. However, it took a long while to recognize the mechanistic complexity both of myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and of their cellular interactions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of myelin biogenesis, its lifelong plasticity, and the reciprocal interactions of myelinating glia with the axons they ensheath. In the central nervous system, myelination is also stimulated by axonal activity and astrocytes, whereas myelin clearance involves microglia/macrophages. Once myelinated, the long-term integrity of axons depends on glial supply of metabolites and neurotrophic factors. The relevance of this axoglial symbiosis is illustrated in normal brain aging and human myelin diseases, which can be studied in corresponding mouse models. Thus, myelinating cells serve a key role in preserving the connectivity and functions of a healthy nervous system.

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Myelination enables rapid action potential conduction, provides trophic support to axons, and is required for learning, memory, and cognition.
“Myelination enables rapid action potential conduction, provides essential trophic support to axons, and is required for learning, memory, and cognition.2,3,4,5”
From Neurons sequester the cholesterol-inhibiting TFEB in oligodendrocyte cytoplasm to safeguard myelination and neural function (2025) · cites this paper as [5]

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Authors: Nave, K.-A., & Werner, H. B.
Affiliations: Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany;,
Venue: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2014-10-11
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 503-533
ISSN: 1081-0706
1530-8995
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101
Cited by: 983
References: 38
Language: en

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